Papers by James Trolinger
When U. S. Government drawings specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than ... more When U. S. Government drawings specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than a definitely related Government procurement operation, the Government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever, and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise, or in any manner licensing the holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention thai may in any way be related thereto. Qualified users may obtain copies of this report from the Defense Documentation Center. References to named commercial products in this report are not to be considered in any sense as an endorsement of the product by the United States Air Force or the Government.
In this paper we demonstrate the scheme for volume holographic data multiplexing by using the fea... more In this paper we demonstrate the scheme for volume holographic data multiplexing by using the features of shift selectivity of a random encoded speckle reference wave. The proposed recording method results in a more efficient use of the recording medium volume and increases the storage density in comparison with spherical or plane-wave reference beams. The mechanism of lateral and longitudinal shift selectivity are described theoretically and shown to agree with experimental measurements for holographic data multiplexing in the volume of the FetLiNbCE crystal.
Proceedings of SPIE, Sep 1, 2015
Modern digital recording and processing techniques combined with new lighting methods and relativ... more Modern digital recording and processing techniques combined with new lighting methods and relatively old schlieren visualization methods move flow visualization to a new level, enabling a wide range of new applications and a possible revolution in the visualization of very large flow fields. This paper traces the evolution of schlieren imaging from Robert Hooke, who, in 1665, employed candles and lenses, to modern digital background oriented schlieren (BOS) systems, wherein image processing by computer replaces pure optical image processing. New possibilities and potential applications that could benefit from such a capability are examined. Example applications include viewing the flow field around full sized aircraft, large equipment and vehicles, monitoring explosions on bomb ranges, cooling systems, large structures and even buildings. Objectives of studies include aerodynamics, aero optics, heat transfer, and aero thermal measurements. Relevant digital cameras, light sources, and implementation methods are discussed.
Proceedings of SPIE, Dec 8, 1986
ABSTRACT
Proceedings of SPIE, Jul 6, 1999
Here a method for data storage by means of multiplexing 3D holograms is considered. The method co... more Here a method for data storage by means of multiplexing 3D holograms is considered. The method consists in shifting the recording material with respect to a reference speckle wave. The experimental data on the dependence of the diffraction efficiency of the hologram with respect to the shift is presented. The general scheme of data storage in 3D-speckle shift hologram is considered and presented. It's shown that this kind of hologram substantially outperforms all other types for the number of cells (pixels) in which information can be stored. At the same time, the noises that are inherent in a 3D-speckle shift hologram restrict the density of the information storage.
Proceedings of SPIE, Mar 23, 1987
One of the most important applications of holographic interferometry is in the observation and an... more One of the most important applications of holographic interferometry is in the observation and analysis of the class of objects known as phase objects, which modulate the phase of a reflected or transmitted light wave and not the intensity. Phase objects include all transparent optical elements, and any volume in which the refractive index or optical path-length varies in the volume. This field of application has evolved significantly in recent years, partially owing to evolution of the general field of holography, and also aided by the developments in computer technology that simplify image analysis and laser technology that improves data recording quality and rates. The individual techniques that make possible the on-line recording and analysis of holographic interferograms are described. These include new recording materials and techniques such as thermoplastics and TV holography. The holography laser state of the art is reviewed. Advanced data reduction techniques including the most recent algorithms for fringe analysis and tomography are discussed. The high sensitivity techniques such as phase shift and heterodyne interferometry are presented. Finally, some recent applications are presented. This will include a discussion of a holographic system that was flown in the Spacelab 3 spaceflight and plans for its refinement and reflight in an upcoming mission.
Proceedings of SPIE, Feb 13, 1987
ABSTRACT
Proceedings of SPIE, Nov 14, 1996
We present a design for a compact residual stress measurement sensor based on laser annealing and... more We present a design for a compact residual stress measurement sensor based on laser annealing and laser speckle interferometry. The instrument integrates laser diodes, holographic optical elements, a compact CO2 laser, and advanced data reduction techniques to provide quantitative measurements. In this paper we present a review of residual stress measurement using laser annealing, details of our design and preliminary measurement data.
The limiting performance factor for many onboard aircraft optical sensors, as well as for directe... more The limiting performance factor for many onboard aircraft optical sensors, as well as for directed energy weapons, is the extent of aero-optical wavefront degradation, which limits the resolving capability of an instrument/ sensor and/or the ability to project high optical energy density. ...
Proceedings of SPIE, 1992
ABSTRACT
This paper describes digital, photonic, two-dimensional, dynamic-wavefront sensing methods for fl... more This paper describes digital, photonic, two-dimensional, dynamic-wavefront sensing methods for flow diagnostics. A system described herein employs a 532 nm diode pumped solid state laser to produce quantitative, fully reduced phase maps at virtually real time acquisition rates to evaluate flows in wind tunnel facilities. This is done using instantaneous electronic phase shifting interferometry methods. Because measurements are instantaneous and not compared to a stored reference data point, the instrument is not vulnerable to vibrations and other environmental effects found in test facilities. A flow field can be analyzed quantitatively by measuring its effect on a traversing optical wavefront if the wavefront sensor can respond as fast as the field changes. Conversely, the effect of flow fields on optical imaging gives rise to the field of aero-optics, and the wavefront distortion and correction are of principal interest. Developments in aero-optics, electro-optics and image processing in general have led to more advanced variations and applications of interferometry improving speed, sensitivity, automation, and robustness. Video recording and new methods for performing high-speed interferometric wavefront and flow diagnostics electronically to speed up the process are described.
NOf/CBS Qualified requesters may obtain copies of this report from DDC, Cameron Station, Alexandr... more NOf/CBS Qualified requesters may obtain copies of this report from DDC, Cameron Station, Alexandria, Va. Orders will be expedited if placed through the librarian or other staff member designated to request and receive documents from DDC. When Government drawings, specifications or other data are used for any purp ose other than in connection with a definitely related Government procurement operation, the United States Government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto.
Optical Engineering, Apr 1, 1979
ABSTRACT
Optical Engineering, Feb 26, 2018
Abstract. We developed a pulsed digital shearography system that utilizes the spatial phase-shift... more Abstract. We developed a pulsed digital shearography system that utilizes the spatial phase-shifting technique. The system employs a commercial micropolarizer camera and a double pulse laser, which allows for instantaneous phase measurements. The system can measure dynamic deformation of objects as large as 1 m at a 2-m distance during the time between two laser pulses that range from 30 μs to 30 ms. The ability of the system to measure dynamic deformation was demonstrated by obtaining phase wrapped and unwrapped shearograms of a vibrating object.
Proceedings of SPIE, Aug 12, 1985
A brief background is provided for the fields of particle and flow visualization holography. A su... more A brief background is provided for the fields of particle and flow visualization holography. A summary of methods currently in use is given, followed by a discussion of more recent and unique applications. The problem of data reduction is discussed. A state of the art summary is then provided with a prognosis of the future of the field. Particle and flow visualization holography are characterized as powerful tools currently in wide use and with significant untapped potential. the world with a need for flow diagnostics has incorporated holography to some extent, with some measure of success. Hundreds of publications have reported new innovations, techniques, refinements, and hardware. Many of these amounted to laboratory feasibility demonstrations of a new variation on recording or data extraction and never made it outside the laboratory. One of the first major test facilities to incorporate holography into an operational w_nd tunnel was the Arnold Engineering Development Center in Tennessee. Research facilities of NASA, Army, Air Force, Navy, and aerospace companies began using _r at least exploring the possibility of using the techniques during the early 1970's. European and Asian countries also began incorporating this technology into such facilities.
SAE technical paper series, Feb 1, 1974
This paper presents preliminary results of studies of the feasibility of applying electro-optical... more This paper presents preliminary results of studies of the feasibility of applying electro-optical diagnostic techniques to diesel engine research. A 2-cycle, 3-cyl, diesel engine was modified by installing quartz windows in the combustion chamber to provide optical access. Techniques investigated include photography, holography, laser resonance absorption spectroscopy, and laser velocimetry. Droplet formation, breakup, and combustion can be observed in the combustion chamber in three dimensions using holography. The same hologram can be used for particle sizing and flow visualization studies. Formation of certain hydrocarbons can be observed in real time with resonance absorption, using a tunable He-Ne laser.
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Papers by James Trolinger