The Sulaiman, located on the northwestern margin of the Indian plate, is one of the .three subdiv... more The Sulaiman, located on the northwestern margin of the Indian plate, is one of the .three subdivisions of the. Indus oil and gas-producing basin which is classed as an Extra-continental Closed Trough Downwarp basin.The sub-basin in its western part, is filled with a thick sequence of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments (over 10,000 meters); whereas moderate thickness of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments (upto 3,500 meters) still remains on its eastern part despite emergence and erosion during its long ‘history of sedimentation. The present synthesis of basic data indicates that all the major requirements tor hydrocarbon accumulation are present-sourced reservoir rocks, adequate sedimentation. and thermal history, and a large number of traps. As far as the discoveries are concerned, nine gas fields-including sevenorogenically controlled: fields have been discovered. One of the fields is a’ gaint. The princeipal gas-collecting reservoir is reef-shoal type foramiiniferal .limesto...
The CEC is the most important chemical parameter to check the stability and maturity of the compo... more The CEC is the most important chemical parameter to check the stability and maturity of the compost. The higher value of CEC at the end of composting process give the more mature compost without any phytotoxicity and increased germination index. The composting process can be speed up by the addition of some inoculum in it. The present study was designed to find out the CEC of mature compost produced by municipal solid waste, as CEC must be increased with the time interval in composting process. The value of CEC depends on the nature of waste used for composting. It was concluded that the mature compost was formed by using MSW after 3 months of composting process with the addition of commercially available inoculum BST alone and with addition of molasses. The higher value of CEC was given by the windrows treated with BST inoculum without the addition of molasses.
The present research paper deals with the moths collected from Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary, Jha... more The present research paper deals with the moths collected from Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand. The information is based on the moth surveys done from September 05-06, 2016 and October 09-10, 2016. Identification yielded a total of 74 species under 66 genera of 15 different families of moths. Family Erebidae is found to be dominating. Seven species are reported for the first time from Gangetic plains whereas, all the included species are the new records for the sanctuary as the Topchanchi WLS was surveyed for the first time for the diversity of moths. A new population variant of adult male of Lymantria semisincta (Walker) has been reported for the first time
A new species, Chadisra curvipenis N. Singh, Ahmad & Raha, sp. nov. is described from the Great N... more A new species, Chadisra curvipenis N. Singh, Ahmad & Raha, sp. nov. is described from the Great Nicobar Island, India, and its detailed description along with habitus images, male genitalia illustrations and diagnoses with similar congeners are provided. A complete checklist of the genus with distributional records and a distribution map are given.
ABSTRACT The sedimentary strata were sampled in the lesser Himalayas to probe paleoenvironmental ... more ABSTRACT The sedimentary strata were sampled in the lesser Himalayas to probe paleoenvironmental changes across the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary in the eastern Tethys. The study provides an integrated lithologic and bio-sequence stratigraphic analysis, leading to paleoecology and paleoenvironmental interpretations. The planktic foraminiferal limestone of the late Cretaceous is overlain by lateritic sandstones and sandy foraminiferal limestones, the latter being of Paleocene age. Though the deposition of cretaceous strata mainly occurred in transgressive and high stand system tracts, the top of cretaceous is marked by type-I sequence boundary and low stand system tract, corresponding to the Paleocene Hangu Formation. Deposits below the K-Pg boundary zone interval have been correlated to the late Cenomanian Rotalipora reichel biozone to early Campanian Globotruncana ventricosa zone, with absence of Maastrichtian fauna. A marked change in fauna above the K-Pg boundary zone interval has been observed and manifested by presence of larger benthic foraminifera such as Lockhartia Davies, 1932 and Globanomalina Haque, 1956 genera. The boundary occurs at the contrasting inter-facial contact of the two rock units and advocates an early lowered sea-levels or dead ocean model. An organic bed of late Turonian-early Coniacian corresponds to the probable presence of the OAE3 and could represent a missing link in the late Cretaceous of lesser Himalayas in the Pakistani domain. Prior to the K-Pg event and Indo-Eurasian collision, an influx of siliciclastics suggests a major episode of uplift and shortening caused by ophiolite obduction or magmatic upwelling during the Campanian. The subsequent erosion and its re-deposition shaped the platform, evolving it from relatively steeper ramp geometry in the Campanian to gentler epeiric ramp in the Selandian and Thanetian, and triggered deposition of shallow ramp larger benthic foraminiferal facies. The boundary is similar in nature with erosional phase in the whole region but its duration was prolonged in the study section and its upper limit has some regional changes. As finding of this study, the late Cretaceous “Nara Sandstone Member” of the Kawagarh Formation in Hazara area of earlier workers could be revised as Paleocene Hangu Formation.
There is a very narrow margin in selenium deficiency and toxicity although it is an important ele... more There is a very narrow margin in selenium deficiency and toxicity although it is an important element for humans, animals, and plants. Effects of selenium (Se) on the growth and physiomorphological parameters in maize were studied grown in soil spiked with sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) in 5 different concentrations (i.e., 0. 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg kg−1). The growth of plants was affected by high Se concentration. However, maximum increases in plant height and root length were observed at low Se (2.5 mg kg−1) which were 17.89 and 23.17%, respectively. At higher Se concentrations (20 mg kg−1), a considerable reduction was observed in dry matter, root length, antioxidant enzymes, and other physiological parameters. The dry matter of plants was also analyzed for nutrient (Fe and Zn) concentrations. Results indicated that Se stress inhibits plant growth. Gas exchange parameters were also found to be decreased under stress conditions, but at a lower Se level (2.5 mg kg−1), improvement in...
A new species, Neoaloa cernyi Singh Joshi, sp. nov. is described from Gular-Ghat of Valmiki Tiger... more A new species, Neoaloa cernyi Singh Joshi, sp. nov. is described from Gular-Ghat of Valmiki Tiger Reserve, Bihar, India. Additionally, the original combination of Aloa collaris Hampson, 1891, comb. rev. is restored.
Background: The cucumber is one of the most important vegetables worldwide and is used as a resea... more Background: The cucumber is one of the most important vegetables worldwide and is used as a research model for study of phloem transport, sex determination and temperature-photoperiod physiology. The shoot apex is the most important plant tissue in which the cell fate and organ meristems have been determined. In this study, a series of whole-genome small RNA, degradome and transcriptome analyses were performed on cucumber shoot apical tissues treated with high vs. low temperature and long vs. short photoperiod. Results: A total of 164 known miRNAs derived from 68 families and 203 novel miRNAs from 182 families were identified. Their 4611 targets were predicted using psRobot and TargetFinder, amongst which 349 were validated by degradome sequencing. Fourteen targets of six miRNAs were differentially expressed between the treatments. A total of eight known and 16 novel miRNAs were affected by temperature and photoperiod. Functional annotations revealed that "Plant hormone signal transduction" pathway was significantly over-represented in the miRNA targets. The miR156/157/SBP-Boxes and novel-mir153/ethylene-responsive transcription factor/senescence-related protein/ aminotransferase/acyl-CoA thioesterase are the two most credible miRNA/targets combinations modulating the plant's responsive processes to the temperature-photoperiod changes. Moreover, the newly evolved, cucumberspecific novel miRNA (novel-mir153) was found to target 2087 mRNAs by prediction and has 232 targets proven by degradome analysis, accounting for 45.26-58.88% of the total miRNA targets in this plant. This is the largest sum of genes targeted by a single miRNA to the best of our knowledge. Conclusions: These results contribute to a better understanding of the miRNAs mediating plant adaptation to combinations of temperature and photoperiod and sheds light on the recent evolution of new miRNAs in cucumber.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions
The kinetics of the reaction [FeIII(edta)]–+[VIII(edta)]–⇌[FeII(edta)]2–+[VIVO(edta)]2–+ 2H+(edta... more The kinetics of the reaction [FeIII(edta)]–+[VIII(edta)]–⇌[FeII(edta)]2–+[VIVO(edta)]2–+ 2H+(edta = ethylenedinitrilotetra-acetate) have been studied at 25.0 °C in the forward direction at pH 5.4–7.1 and in the reverse direction at pH 2.5–4.0. Similar studies have been made on the corresponding system involving iron complexes with (trans- 1,2-cyclohexylenedinitrilo)tetra-acetate. Direct measurements of the equilibrium constants at pH 4.2–5.6 yielded values similar to those calculated from the kinetic results. The mechanism is believed to be of the inner-sphere type. At pH ⩽ 1 the reaction [FeIII(edta)]–+[VIII(edta)]–→ Fe2++ VIV+ H5edta+ occurs, the consumption of hydrogen ion and the form of vanadium(IV) depending on [H+]. The kinetics of this reaction show that as well as a bimolecular redox process, probably of the inner-sphere type, two other reaction paths occur. These involve the dissociation of one of the reactant complexes followed by a redox reaction between the cation so formed and the other edta complex.
International Journal of Biological Research, 2016
Composting is one of the important and economical method of recycling organic waste. Composting p... more Composting is one of the important and economical method of recycling organic waste. Composting process involve a number of microbes. Composting have several benefits, it improves manure handling , possible saleable product , improves land application, weed seed and pathogen destruction by high temperature in compost pile, minimum risk of different pollution problems, perfect soil conditioner. Composting is a process in which biological breakdown of organic waste under different controlled conditions takes place.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 1984
The kinetics of the title reaction V(Y)⇌ V3++ HY have been studied spectrophotometrically in the ... more The kinetics of the title reaction V(Y)⇌ V3++ HY have been studied spectrophotometrically in the forward direction at [H+]= 0.6–4.0 mol dm–3 and in the reverse direction at [H+]= 0.1–1.0 mol dm–3. V(Y) represents [V(edta)]– together with [V(Hedta)] and [V(H2edta)]+; the corresponding protonation equilibrium constants have been measured by using an e.m.f. cell under the conditions of the kinetic experiments, viz. ionic strength I= 4.0 mol dm–3(NaClO4) and 25.0 °C. HY represents H4edta together with H5edta+ and H6edta2+. Two reaction paths have been identified for both the forward and the reverse reaction. The equilibrium constant for the reaction has been measured directly at [ H+]= 0.5–1.0 mol dm–3 and its value is similar to that obtained from kinetic parameters.
This study was conducted to analyze the farmer's willingness to pay for crop insurance and to inv... more This study was conducted to analyze the farmer's willingness to pay for crop insurance and to investigate the factors that influence willingness to participate and pay for crop insurance. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and Heckman selection models were applied to analyze the primary data. Findings show that farmers were interested to pay minimum amount of premium, landholdings and farm income were found to be significant factors that influence farmer's willingness to pay for crop insurance. While landholding, farm income, credit, loss experience, land tenure and expected yield were found to be significant influencing factors towards willingness to participate in crop insurance
The correlation between borer infestation and yield losses in order to determine the Economic thr... more The correlation between borer infestation and yield losses in order to determine the Economic threshold level (ETL) for the chemical control of rice stem borers (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk. and Scirpophaga innotata Wlk.) was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having six levels of infestation (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) with four replications. Infestation levels were created by puncturing the appropriate number of tillers just above the water level with the help of dissecting needle. Mean values of grain yield obtained after harvesting (fresh weight and dry weight), percentage of unfilled grains and number of tillers varied significantly but parameters like 1000-grain weight, filled grains wt, wt of straw and plant height did not vary significantly with infestation levels. The economic analysis showed that cost of application of Padan (cartap 4.G) below 5% infestation level was more as compared to the value of reduced grain yield due to borers infestation. At 5% infestation level, the cost of chemical control was approximately equal to the yield reduction and this level can be considered as economic threshold level for rice stem borers.
The Sulaiman, located on the northwestern margin of the Indian plate, is one of the .three subdiv... more The Sulaiman, located on the northwestern margin of the Indian plate, is one of the .three subdivisions of the. Indus oil and gas-producing basin which is classed as an Extra-continental Closed Trough Downwarp basin.The sub-basin in its western part, is filled with a thick sequence of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments (over 10,000 meters); whereas moderate thickness of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments (upto 3,500 meters) still remains on its eastern part despite emergence and erosion during its long ‘history of sedimentation. The present synthesis of basic data indicates that all the major requirements tor hydrocarbon accumulation are present-sourced reservoir rocks, adequate sedimentation. and thermal history, and a large number of traps. As far as the discoveries are concerned, nine gas fields-including sevenorogenically controlled: fields have been discovered. One of the fields is a’ gaint. The princeipal gas-collecting reservoir is reef-shoal type foramiiniferal .limesto...
The CEC is the most important chemical parameter to check the stability and maturity of the compo... more The CEC is the most important chemical parameter to check the stability and maturity of the compost. The higher value of CEC at the end of composting process give the more mature compost without any phytotoxicity and increased germination index. The composting process can be speed up by the addition of some inoculum in it. The present study was designed to find out the CEC of mature compost produced by municipal solid waste, as CEC must be increased with the time interval in composting process. The value of CEC depends on the nature of waste used for composting. It was concluded that the mature compost was formed by using MSW after 3 months of composting process with the addition of commercially available inoculum BST alone and with addition of molasses. The higher value of CEC was given by the windrows treated with BST inoculum without the addition of molasses.
The present research paper deals with the moths collected from Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary, Jha... more The present research paper deals with the moths collected from Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand. The information is based on the moth surveys done from September 05-06, 2016 and October 09-10, 2016. Identification yielded a total of 74 species under 66 genera of 15 different families of moths. Family Erebidae is found to be dominating. Seven species are reported for the first time from Gangetic plains whereas, all the included species are the new records for the sanctuary as the Topchanchi WLS was surveyed for the first time for the diversity of moths. A new population variant of adult male of Lymantria semisincta (Walker) has been reported for the first time
A new species, Chadisra curvipenis N. Singh, Ahmad & Raha, sp. nov. is described from the Great N... more A new species, Chadisra curvipenis N. Singh, Ahmad & Raha, sp. nov. is described from the Great Nicobar Island, India, and its detailed description along with habitus images, male genitalia illustrations and diagnoses with similar congeners are provided. A complete checklist of the genus with distributional records and a distribution map are given.
ABSTRACT The sedimentary strata were sampled in the lesser Himalayas to probe paleoenvironmental ... more ABSTRACT The sedimentary strata were sampled in the lesser Himalayas to probe paleoenvironmental changes across the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary in the eastern Tethys. The study provides an integrated lithologic and bio-sequence stratigraphic analysis, leading to paleoecology and paleoenvironmental interpretations. The planktic foraminiferal limestone of the late Cretaceous is overlain by lateritic sandstones and sandy foraminiferal limestones, the latter being of Paleocene age. Though the deposition of cretaceous strata mainly occurred in transgressive and high stand system tracts, the top of cretaceous is marked by type-I sequence boundary and low stand system tract, corresponding to the Paleocene Hangu Formation. Deposits below the K-Pg boundary zone interval have been correlated to the late Cenomanian Rotalipora reichel biozone to early Campanian Globotruncana ventricosa zone, with absence of Maastrichtian fauna. A marked change in fauna above the K-Pg boundary zone interval has been observed and manifested by presence of larger benthic foraminifera such as Lockhartia Davies, 1932 and Globanomalina Haque, 1956 genera. The boundary occurs at the contrasting inter-facial contact of the two rock units and advocates an early lowered sea-levels or dead ocean model. An organic bed of late Turonian-early Coniacian corresponds to the probable presence of the OAE3 and could represent a missing link in the late Cretaceous of lesser Himalayas in the Pakistani domain. Prior to the K-Pg event and Indo-Eurasian collision, an influx of siliciclastics suggests a major episode of uplift and shortening caused by ophiolite obduction or magmatic upwelling during the Campanian. The subsequent erosion and its re-deposition shaped the platform, evolving it from relatively steeper ramp geometry in the Campanian to gentler epeiric ramp in the Selandian and Thanetian, and triggered deposition of shallow ramp larger benthic foraminiferal facies. The boundary is similar in nature with erosional phase in the whole region but its duration was prolonged in the study section and its upper limit has some regional changes. As finding of this study, the late Cretaceous “Nara Sandstone Member” of the Kawagarh Formation in Hazara area of earlier workers could be revised as Paleocene Hangu Formation.
There is a very narrow margin in selenium deficiency and toxicity although it is an important ele... more There is a very narrow margin in selenium deficiency and toxicity although it is an important element for humans, animals, and plants. Effects of selenium (Se) on the growth and physiomorphological parameters in maize were studied grown in soil spiked with sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) in 5 different concentrations (i.e., 0. 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg kg−1). The growth of plants was affected by high Se concentration. However, maximum increases in plant height and root length were observed at low Se (2.5 mg kg−1) which were 17.89 and 23.17%, respectively. At higher Se concentrations (20 mg kg−1), a considerable reduction was observed in dry matter, root length, antioxidant enzymes, and other physiological parameters. The dry matter of plants was also analyzed for nutrient (Fe and Zn) concentrations. Results indicated that Se stress inhibits plant growth. Gas exchange parameters were also found to be decreased under stress conditions, but at a lower Se level (2.5 mg kg−1), improvement in...
A new species, Neoaloa cernyi Singh Joshi, sp. nov. is described from Gular-Ghat of Valmiki Tiger... more A new species, Neoaloa cernyi Singh Joshi, sp. nov. is described from Gular-Ghat of Valmiki Tiger Reserve, Bihar, India. Additionally, the original combination of Aloa collaris Hampson, 1891, comb. rev. is restored.
Background: The cucumber is one of the most important vegetables worldwide and is used as a resea... more Background: The cucumber is one of the most important vegetables worldwide and is used as a research model for study of phloem transport, sex determination and temperature-photoperiod physiology. The shoot apex is the most important plant tissue in which the cell fate and organ meristems have been determined. In this study, a series of whole-genome small RNA, degradome and transcriptome analyses were performed on cucumber shoot apical tissues treated with high vs. low temperature and long vs. short photoperiod. Results: A total of 164 known miRNAs derived from 68 families and 203 novel miRNAs from 182 families were identified. Their 4611 targets were predicted using psRobot and TargetFinder, amongst which 349 were validated by degradome sequencing. Fourteen targets of six miRNAs were differentially expressed between the treatments. A total of eight known and 16 novel miRNAs were affected by temperature and photoperiod. Functional annotations revealed that "Plant hormone signal transduction" pathway was significantly over-represented in the miRNA targets. The miR156/157/SBP-Boxes and novel-mir153/ethylene-responsive transcription factor/senescence-related protein/ aminotransferase/acyl-CoA thioesterase are the two most credible miRNA/targets combinations modulating the plant's responsive processes to the temperature-photoperiod changes. Moreover, the newly evolved, cucumberspecific novel miRNA (novel-mir153) was found to target 2087 mRNAs by prediction and has 232 targets proven by degradome analysis, accounting for 45.26-58.88% of the total miRNA targets in this plant. This is the largest sum of genes targeted by a single miRNA to the best of our knowledge. Conclusions: These results contribute to a better understanding of the miRNAs mediating plant adaptation to combinations of temperature and photoperiod and sheds light on the recent evolution of new miRNAs in cucumber.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions
The kinetics of the reaction [FeIII(edta)]–+[VIII(edta)]–⇌[FeII(edta)]2–+[VIVO(edta)]2–+ 2H+(edta... more The kinetics of the reaction [FeIII(edta)]–+[VIII(edta)]–⇌[FeII(edta)]2–+[VIVO(edta)]2–+ 2H+(edta = ethylenedinitrilotetra-acetate) have been studied at 25.0 °C in the forward direction at pH 5.4–7.1 and in the reverse direction at pH 2.5–4.0. Similar studies have been made on the corresponding system involving iron complexes with (trans- 1,2-cyclohexylenedinitrilo)tetra-acetate. Direct measurements of the equilibrium constants at pH 4.2–5.6 yielded values similar to those calculated from the kinetic results. The mechanism is believed to be of the inner-sphere type. At pH ⩽ 1 the reaction [FeIII(edta)]–+[VIII(edta)]–→ Fe2++ VIV+ H5edta+ occurs, the consumption of hydrogen ion and the form of vanadium(IV) depending on [H+]. The kinetics of this reaction show that as well as a bimolecular redox process, probably of the inner-sphere type, two other reaction paths occur. These involve the dissociation of one of the reactant complexes followed by a redox reaction between the cation so formed and the other edta complex.
International Journal of Biological Research, 2016
Composting is one of the important and economical method of recycling organic waste. Composting p... more Composting is one of the important and economical method of recycling organic waste. Composting process involve a number of microbes. Composting have several benefits, it improves manure handling , possible saleable product , improves land application, weed seed and pathogen destruction by high temperature in compost pile, minimum risk of different pollution problems, perfect soil conditioner. Composting is a process in which biological breakdown of organic waste under different controlled conditions takes place.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 1984
The kinetics of the title reaction V(Y)⇌ V3++ HY have been studied spectrophotometrically in the ... more The kinetics of the title reaction V(Y)⇌ V3++ HY have been studied spectrophotometrically in the forward direction at [H+]= 0.6–4.0 mol dm–3 and in the reverse direction at [H+]= 0.1–1.0 mol dm–3. V(Y) represents [V(edta)]– together with [V(Hedta)] and [V(H2edta)]+; the corresponding protonation equilibrium constants have been measured by using an e.m.f. cell under the conditions of the kinetic experiments, viz. ionic strength I= 4.0 mol dm–3(NaClO4) and 25.0 °C. HY represents H4edta together with H5edta+ and H6edta2+. Two reaction paths have been identified for both the forward and the reverse reaction. The equilibrium constant for the reaction has been measured directly at [ H+]= 0.5–1.0 mol dm–3 and its value is similar to that obtained from kinetic parameters.
This study was conducted to analyze the farmer's willingness to pay for crop insurance and to inv... more This study was conducted to analyze the farmer's willingness to pay for crop insurance and to investigate the factors that influence willingness to participate and pay for crop insurance. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and Heckman selection models were applied to analyze the primary data. Findings show that farmers were interested to pay minimum amount of premium, landholdings and farm income were found to be significant factors that influence farmer's willingness to pay for crop insurance. While landholding, farm income, credit, loss experience, land tenure and expected yield were found to be significant influencing factors towards willingness to participate in crop insurance
The correlation between borer infestation and yield losses in order to determine the Economic thr... more The correlation between borer infestation and yield losses in order to determine the Economic threshold level (ETL) for the chemical control of rice stem borers (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk. and Scirpophaga innotata Wlk.) was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having six levels of infestation (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) with four replications. Infestation levels were created by puncturing the appropriate number of tillers just above the water level with the help of dissecting needle. Mean values of grain yield obtained after harvesting (fresh weight and dry weight), percentage of unfilled grains and number of tillers varied significantly but parameters like 1000-grain weight, filled grains wt, wt of straw and plant height did not vary significantly with infestation levels. The economic analysis showed that cost of application of Padan (cartap 4.G) below 5% infestation level was more as compared to the value of reduced grain yield due to borers infestation. At 5% infestation level, the cost of chemical control was approximately equal to the yield reduction and this level can be considered as economic threshold level for rice stem borers.
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Papers by Jalil Ahmad