2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2012
The combination of CMOS compatible Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) fabrication technology with organic... more The combination of CMOS compatible Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) fabrication technology with organic cover materials constitutes the Silicon-Organic Hybrid (SOH) fabrication platform, which shows innovative functionality for the making of integrated optical circuits. We report on experimental demonstrations of essential building blocks for transceivers, while relying only on well-known SOI processing steps and simple post processing of the organic materials.
2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2012
The combination of CMOS compatible Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) fabrication technology with organic... more The combination of CMOS compatible Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) fabrication technology with organic cover materials constitutes the Silicon-Organic Hybrid (SOH) fabrication platform, which shows innovative functionality for the making of integrated optical circuits. We report on experimental demonstrations of essential building blocks for transceivers, while relying only on well-known SOI processing steps and simple post processing of the organic materials.
A novel two-output PON amplifier is demonstrated to provide over 8-dB output power budget improve... more A novel two-output PON amplifier is demonstrated to provide over 8-dB output power budget improvement over a conventional SOA, with negligible ASE noise. With an additional preamplifier it can accommodate up to 30 dB burst-to-burst power variation.
Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) can be used as linear in-line amplifiers for extended-rea... more Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) can be used as linear in-line amplifiers for extended-reach passive optical networks, or as gain/phase-switchable devices. For these applications, gain, bandwidth and saturation power are important. The saturation power can be increased by decreasing the confinement factor and by increasing the length such that the overall gain remains constant. In this paper we investigate the saturation characteristics of 1.55μm InGaAsP-InP bulk SOA. We do so by using the physically based simulation tool ATLAS. The simulation tool ATLAS supports simulation of semiconductor lasers only, however making the mirror reflectivities small, the lasing threshold is increased such that lasers are essentially reduced to amplifiers. Next, for investigating the saturation characteristics of SOA, the amplifier gain should be influenced by injecting an optical light power. However, ATLAS cannot simulate the required source directly. Instead, we use in the electron rate equation simultaneously two competing independent models for spontaneous radiative recombination, namely the so-called general model (total recombination rate BnT p with bimolecular recombination coefficient B, electron and hole concentrations nT and p) and the standard model for recombination due to amplified spontaneous emission into the mode under consideration (determined by the product of Fermi functions for electrons and holes). In the photon rate equation, only the standard model is used. We then increase B, and thus simulate a decrease of the carrier concentration that would physically result from an external optical signal. We show that under conditions of constant injection current and device length an n-doping (p-doping) of the active layer increases (decreases) the input saturation power. In addition we observe that for constant injection current and amplifier gain, a p-doping (n-doping) of the active layer increases (decreases) both the input and output saturation powers because of an reduced (slightly increased) Auger-dominated carrier lifetime.
Two selected applications of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) are discussed, namely linear ... more Two selected applications of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) are discussed, namely linear in-line amplification in gigabit passive optical networks and fast nonlinear all-optical signal processing. We report on measurements demonstrating the suitability of quantum-dot (QD) and bulk SOA for the respective application areas. For in-line amplification the saturation power of the SOA should be large, while it has to be
The sustainable growth of high-bandwidth services and on-demand applications has introduced new c... more The sustainable growth of high-bandwidth services and on-demand applications has introduced new challenges to next-generation networks in terms of capacity, configurability, and resiliency. Significant networking advancements need to be achieved with architectures and technologies that are scalable with respect to cost, size, and power requirements, while they should be capable of handling high traffic volumes and dynamically changing connection patterns. Transparent networking has the potential to meet those requirements and offer significant benefits in terms of performance and cost. We present the key enabling technologies, review the state-of-the-art achievements, and discuss the new opportunities that optical transparency has and will introduce.
We report, for the first time, a field trial of a novel 42.7Gbps/128.1Gbps WDM/OTDM grooming node... more We report, for the first time, a field trial of a novel 42.7Gbps/128.1Gbps WDM/OTDM grooming node, and confirm node interoperability and the data integrity of asynchronous retiming.
Field experiments of 42.7 / 128.1 Gb/s WDM-OTDM transmultiplexing and all-optical dual-wavelength... more Field experiments of 42.7 / 128.1 Gb/s WDM-OTDM transmultiplexing and all-optical dual-wavelength regeneration at the OTDM rate are presented. By using the asynchronous retiming scheme, we achieve error-free buffer-less data grooming with time-slot interchange (TSI) capability for OTDM meshed networking. We demonstrate excellent performance from the system, discuss scalability, applicability, and the potential reach of the asynchronous retiming scheme for transparent OTDMdomain interconnection.
2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2008
A novel switch concept is introduced that offers transparent optical grooming of 10 and 40 Gb/s t... more A novel switch concept is introduced that offers transparent optical grooming of 10 and 40 Gb/s traffic in an access network onto a metro core ring network operated at 130 Gb/s traffic. Key functionalities of the router are the traffic aggregation with time-slot interchanging (TSI) functionality, the TDM to WDM demultiplexing of the high-speed channel into lower bit-rate tributaries as well as multi-wavelength all-optical 2R regeneration of several highest-speed signals.
When silicon strip and slot waveguides are coated with a 50 nm amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ... more When silicon strip and slot waveguides are coated with a 50 nm amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) film, measured losses at a wavelength of 1.55 μm can be as low as (2 ± 1) dB/cm and (7 ± 2) dB/cm, respectively. We use atomic layer deposition (ALD), estimate the effect of ALD growth on the surface roughness, and discuss the effect on the scattering losses. Because the gap between the rails of a slot waveguide narrows by the TiO 2 deposition, the effective slot width can be back-end controlled. This is useful for precise adjustment if the slot is to be filled with, e. g., a nonlinear organic material or with a sensitizer for sensors applications.
A network concept is introduced that exploits transparent optical grooming of traffic between an ... more A network concept is introduced that exploits transparent optical grooming of traffic between an access network and a metro core ring network. This network is enabled by an optical router that allows bufferless aggregation of metro network traffic into higher-capacity data streams for core network transmission. A key functionality of the router is WDM to time-division multiplexing (TDM) transmultiplexing.
Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2011
A regenerative all-optical grooming switch for interconnecting 130 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) met... more A regenerative all-optical grooming switch for interconnecting 130 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) metro/core ring and 43 Gbit/s-OOK metro/access ring networks with switching functionality in time, space, and wavelength domains is demonstrated. Key functionalities of the switch are traffic aggregation with time-slot interchanging functionality, optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) demultiplexing, and multi-wavelength 2R regeneration. Laboratory and field demonstrations show the excellent performance of the new concept with error-free signal transmission and Q-factors above 20 dB.
ICTON 2009: 11th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2009
A regenerative optical grooming switch for interconnecting 130 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s networks with... more A regenerative optical grooming switch for interconnecting 130 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s networks with switching functionality in time, space and wavelength domain is demonstrated. Lab and field demonstrations show the feasibility of the new concept developed by the TRIUMPH project consortia. Q-factors above 20 dB are reported.
Optical Metro Networks and Short-Haul Systems Ii, 2010
A regenerative optical grooming switch for interconnecting 100 Gbit/s networks with lower bit-rat... more A regenerative optical grooming switch for interconnecting 100 Gbit/s networks with lower bit-rate networks and switching functionality in time, space and wavelength domain is demonstrated. Lab and field demonstrations show the feasibility of the new concept. Q-factors above 20 dB are reported.
Spatial mode filters based on multimode interference couplers (MMI's) that offer the possibility ... more Spatial mode filters based on multimode interference couplers (MMI's) that offer the possibility of splitting off antisymmetric from symmetric modes are presented, and realizations of these filters in InGaAsP͞InP are demonstrated. Measured suppression of the antisymmetric first-order modes at the output for the symmetric mode is better than 18 dB. Such MMI's are useful for monolithically integrating mode filters with all-optical devices, which are controlled through an antisymmetric first-order mode. The filtering out of optical control signals is necessary for cascading all-optical devices. Another application is the improvement of on -off ratios in optical switches.
This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this materi... more This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by sending a blank email message to [email protected].
Bend designs for single-mode operation of low-loss overmoded waveguides are presented. A class of... more Bend designs for single-mode operation of low-loss overmoded waveguides are presented. A class of contour trajectories for minimum radiation loss is derived analytically, and numerical optimization is used to find ideal trajectory parameters. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations predict bend losses below 0.1 dB for 180 -bends of overmoded silicon-on-insulator waveguides with a radius of R = 1:5 m.
We implemented an optically powered video camera connected to a base station at 200 m distance. P... more We implemented an optically powered video camera connected to a base station at 200 m distance. Power and 100-Mbps data-channel are multiplexed at 810 nm and 1310 nm into a standard 62.5 µm multimode fiber.
2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2012
The combination of CMOS compatible Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) fabrication technology with organic... more The combination of CMOS compatible Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) fabrication technology with organic cover materials constitutes the Silicon-Organic Hybrid (SOH) fabrication platform, which shows innovative functionality for the making of integrated optical circuits. We report on experimental demonstrations of essential building blocks for transceivers, while relying only on well-known SOI processing steps and simple post processing of the organic materials.
2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2012
The combination of CMOS compatible Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) fabrication technology with organic... more The combination of CMOS compatible Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) fabrication technology with organic cover materials constitutes the Silicon-Organic Hybrid (SOH) fabrication platform, which shows innovative functionality for the making of integrated optical circuits. We report on experimental demonstrations of essential building blocks for transceivers, while relying only on well-known SOI processing steps and simple post processing of the organic materials.
A novel two-output PON amplifier is demonstrated to provide over 8-dB output power budget improve... more A novel two-output PON amplifier is demonstrated to provide over 8-dB output power budget improvement over a conventional SOA, with negligible ASE noise. With an additional preamplifier it can accommodate up to 30 dB burst-to-burst power variation.
Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) can be used as linear in-line amplifiers for extended-rea... more Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) can be used as linear in-line amplifiers for extended-reach passive optical networks, or as gain/phase-switchable devices. For these applications, gain, bandwidth and saturation power are important. The saturation power can be increased by decreasing the confinement factor and by increasing the length such that the overall gain remains constant. In this paper we investigate the saturation characteristics of 1.55μm InGaAsP-InP bulk SOA. We do so by using the physically based simulation tool ATLAS. The simulation tool ATLAS supports simulation of semiconductor lasers only, however making the mirror reflectivities small, the lasing threshold is increased such that lasers are essentially reduced to amplifiers. Next, for investigating the saturation characteristics of SOA, the amplifier gain should be influenced by injecting an optical light power. However, ATLAS cannot simulate the required source directly. Instead, we use in the electron rate equation simultaneously two competing independent models for spontaneous radiative recombination, namely the so-called general model (total recombination rate BnT p with bimolecular recombination coefficient B, electron and hole concentrations nT and p) and the standard model for recombination due to amplified spontaneous emission into the mode under consideration (determined by the product of Fermi functions for electrons and holes). In the photon rate equation, only the standard model is used. We then increase B, and thus simulate a decrease of the carrier concentration that would physically result from an external optical signal. We show that under conditions of constant injection current and device length an n-doping (p-doping) of the active layer increases (decreases) the input saturation power. In addition we observe that for constant injection current and amplifier gain, a p-doping (n-doping) of the active layer increases (decreases) both the input and output saturation powers because of an reduced (slightly increased) Auger-dominated carrier lifetime.
Two selected applications of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) are discussed, namely linear ... more Two selected applications of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) are discussed, namely linear in-line amplification in gigabit passive optical networks and fast nonlinear all-optical signal processing. We report on measurements demonstrating the suitability of quantum-dot (QD) and bulk SOA for the respective application areas. For in-line amplification the saturation power of the SOA should be large, while it has to be
The sustainable growth of high-bandwidth services and on-demand applications has introduced new c... more The sustainable growth of high-bandwidth services and on-demand applications has introduced new challenges to next-generation networks in terms of capacity, configurability, and resiliency. Significant networking advancements need to be achieved with architectures and technologies that are scalable with respect to cost, size, and power requirements, while they should be capable of handling high traffic volumes and dynamically changing connection patterns. Transparent networking has the potential to meet those requirements and offer significant benefits in terms of performance and cost. We present the key enabling technologies, review the state-of-the-art achievements, and discuss the new opportunities that optical transparency has and will introduce.
We report, for the first time, a field trial of a novel 42.7Gbps/128.1Gbps WDM/OTDM grooming node... more We report, for the first time, a field trial of a novel 42.7Gbps/128.1Gbps WDM/OTDM grooming node, and confirm node interoperability and the data integrity of asynchronous retiming.
Field experiments of 42.7 / 128.1 Gb/s WDM-OTDM transmultiplexing and all-optical dual-wavelength... more Field experiments of 42.7 / 128.1 Gb/s WDM-OTDM transmultiplexing and all-optical dual-wavelength regeneration at the OTDM rate are presented. By using the asynchronous retiming scheme, we achieve error-free buffer-less data grooming with time-slot interchange (TSI) capability for OTDM meshed networking. We demonstrate excellent performance from the system, discuss scalability, applicability, and the potential reach of the asynchronous retiming scheme for transparent OTDMdomain interconnection.
2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2008
A novel switch concept is introduced that offers transparent optical grooming of 10 and 40 Gb/s t... more A novel switch concept is introduced that offers transparent optical grooming of 10 and 40 Gb/s traffic in an access network onto a metro core ring network operated at 130 Gb/s traffic. Key functionalities of the router are the traffic aggregation with time-slot interchanging (TSI) functionality, the TDM to WDM demultiplexing of the high-speed channel into lower bit-rate tributaries as well as multi-wavelength all-optical 2R regeneration of several highest-speed signals.
When silicon strip and slot waveguides are coated with a 50 nm amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ... more When silicon strip and slot waveguides are coated with a 50 nm amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) film, measured losses at a wavelength of 1.55 μm can be as low as (2 ± 1) dB/cm and (7 ± 2) dB/cm, respectively. We use atomic layer deposition (ALD), estimate the effect of ALD growth on the surface roughness, and discuss the effect on the scattering losses. Because the gap between the rails of a slot waveguide narrows by the TiO 2 deposition, the effective slot width can be back-end controlled. This is useful for precise adjustment if the slot is to be filled with, e. g., a nonlinear organic material or with a sensitizer for sensors applications.
A network concept is introduced that exploits transparent optical grooming of traffic between an ... more A network concept is introduced that exploits transparent optical grooming of traffic between an access network and a metro core ring network. This network is enabled by an optical router that allows bufferless aggregation of metro network traffic into higher-capacity data streams for core network transmission. A key functionality of the router is WDM to time-division multiplexing (TDM) transmultiplexing.
Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2011
A regenerative all-optical grooming switch for interconnecting 130 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) met... more A regenerative all-optical grooming switch for interconnecting 130 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) metro/core ring and 43 Gbit/s-OOK metro/access ring networks with switching functionality in time, space, and wavelength domains is demonstrated. Key functionalities of the switch are traffic aggregation with time-slot interchanging functionality, optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) demultiplexing, and multi-wavelength 2R regeneration. Laboratory and field demonstrations show the excellent performance of the new concept with error-free signal transmission and Q-factors above 20 dB.
ICTON 2009: 11th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2009
A regenerative optical grooming switch for interconnecting 130 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s networks with... more A regenerative optical grooming switch for interconnecting 130 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s networks with switching functionality in time, space and wavelength domain is demonstrated. Lab and field demonstrations show the feasibility of the new concept developed by the TRIUMPH project consortia. Q-factors above 20 dB are reported.
Optical Metro Networks and Short-Haul Systems Ii, 2010
A regenerative optical grooming switch for interconnecting 100 Gbit/s networks with lower bit-rat... more A regenerative optical grooming switch for interconnecting 100 Gbit/s networks with lower bit-rate networks and switching functionality in time, space and wavelength domain is demonstrated. Lab and field demonstrations show the feasibility of the new concept. Q-factors above 20 dB are reported.
Spatial mode filters based on multimode interference couplers (MMI's) that offer the possibility ... more Spatial mode filters based on multimode interference couplers (MMI's) that offer the possibility of splitting off antisymmetric from symmetric modes are presented, and realizations of these filters in InGaAsP͞InP are demonstrated. Measured suppression of the antisymmetric first-order modes at the output for the symmetric mode is better than 18 dB. Such MMI's are useful for monolithically integrating mode filters with all-optical devices, which are controlled through an antisymmetric first-order mode. The filtering out of optical control signals is necessary for cascading all-optical devices. Another application is the improvement of on -off ratios in optical switches.
This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this materi... more This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by sending a blank email message to [email protected].
Bend designs for single-mode operation of low-loss overmoded waveguides are presented. A class of... more Bend designs for single-mode operation of low-loss overmoded waveguides are presented. A class of contour trajectories for minimum radiation loss is derived analytically, and numerical optimization is used to find ideal trajectory parameters. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations predict bend losses below 0.1 dB for 180 -bends of overmoded silicon-on-insulator waveguides with a radius of R = 1:5 m.
We implemented an optically powered video camera connected to a base station at 200 m distance. P... more We implemented an optically powered video camera connected to a base station at 200 m distance. Power and 100-Mbps data-channel are multiplexed at 810 nm and 1310 nm into a standard 62.5 µm multimode fiber.
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Papers by Juerg Leuthold