Objective: To evaluate the differences in early maternal and neonatal morbidity after spontaneous... more Objective: To evaluate the differences in early maternal and neonatal morbidity after spontaneous delivery, forceps delivery and vacuum-extraction. Design: Retrospective clinical study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Palacký University, Olomouc. Methods: The database of 8196 deliveries at our department in the time period from January 1995 till September 2000 revealed 183 of forceps deliveries and 217 of vacuum-extractions. The control group included 200 randomly selected parturients with spontaneous vaginal delivery. The early maternal morbidity was evaluated according to the following parameters: perineal tears of the IIIrd + IVth degree, duration of hospitalization, average blood loss, the need of analgetics, dehiscence of episiotomy requiring resuture, febrilies and administration of antibiotics. The early neonatal morbidity evaluation was based on the incidence of cephalhematomas, the incidence of hyperbilirubinaemia, duration of hospitalization, signs of fetal hypoxia (pH, Apgar score), gestational age, birthweight and the presence of intracranial and retinal bleeding. The statistical significance of the differences in the frequency of the above parameters was evaluated. Results: Spontaneous deliveries were associated with lower maternal morbidity according to the most of studied parameters. Vacuum-extraction had a lower frequency of maternal postpartum complications compared to forceps deliveries. Statistically valid differences were however found only at perineal tears of the IIIrd + IVth degree and at administration of analgetic and antibiotics. The use of vacuum-extraction seems to be connected with a higher risk of cephalhematomas (p = 0.0051) and longer duration of hospitalization. Conclusions: From the point of view of early maternal morbidity the assisted vaginal delivery by vacuumextraction gives better results than by forceps. However vacuum-extraction increases the risk of cephalhematomas at newborn.
The study was aimed at (1) the determination of the incidence of abnormalities of the urinary tra... more The study was aimed at (1) the determination of the incidence of abnormalities of the urinary tract in newborn infants detected by postnatal ultrasound screening, and (2) the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of postnatal ultrasound screening for detecting surgical urinary tract abnormalities. The prospective study was of full-term neonates born in the University Hospital of Olomouc in 2005-2008 who underwent renal ultrasound screening after 72 h of life. Significant findings were recorded. Subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were recorded and evaluated in a group of children with detected renal pelvic dilatation (RPD). (1) A total of 6,088 newborn infants was examined. The absolute and relative RPD incidence rates (anteroposterior diameter, APD) were as follows: 5-7 mm, 146 (2.4%); 7-10 mm, 70 (1.15%); 10-15 mm, 13 (0.21%), and 15 mm or more, 5 (0.08%). Of those, 16 children were operated on for abnormalities of the urinary tract, of which nine (56%) had been detected by prenatal screening. Other findings: six cases of unilateral renal agenesis, four cases of multicystic renal dysplasia, four of renal dystopia, one of polycystic kidney disease and one of renal hypoplasia. (2) A group of 224 children with postnatally detected RPD was examined, of whom 40 (17.9%) underwent voiding cystourethrography and/or scintigraphy and 16 (7.1%) were treated surgically. The receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed, and the areas under the curves were calculated. Postnatal renal ultrasound screening is probably a suitable test for detecting significant urinary tract abnormalities.
Hypoxicko-ischemicka encefalopatie zůstava významnou přicinou mortality a pozdni morbidity donose... more Hypoxicko-ischemicka encefalopatie zůstava významnou přicinou mortality a pozdni morbidity donosených novorozenců. Lecebna opatřeni byla donedavna omezena pouze na obecně podpůrnou a symptomatickou terapii. Lecebna hypotermie je proto vitanou možnosti, jak pozitivně ovlivnit osud novorozenců s hypoxicko-ischemickou encefalopatii. Sděleni přinasi zakladni informace o použiti metody v teto indikaci.
Obrázek 1 a 2. MRI vyšetření mozku (sagitální a axiální rovina): v pravé polovině hlavy zjištěny ... more Obrázek 1 a 2. MRI vyšetření mozku (sagitální a axiální rovina): v pravé polovině hlavy zjištěny artefakty (černé fleky)
Užívání kofeinu v nápojích a potravinách je běžné ve všech kulturách na celém světě. Kofein má př... more Užívání kofeinu v nápojích a potravinách je běžné ve všech kulturách na celém světě. Kofein má přitom významné a bohaté účinky na lidský organismus. Informace o jeho bezpečnosti v těhotenství a při kojení nejsou jednoznačné. Článek přináší přeh led údajů o konzumaci kofeinu při kojení a jeho vlivu na kojené dítě. Klíčová slova: kofein, kojení, mateřské mléko. Caffeine, coffee, and breast-feeding The use of caffeine in beverages and foods is common in all cultures across the world. As a matter of fact, caffeine produces signifi cant and plentiful effects on the human body. Information on its safety in pregnancy and during breastfeeding is not unequi vocal. The article presents a review of data on caffeine consumption during breastfeeding and its effect on the breastfed child.
Benigní rozšíření subarachnoidálních prostorů (BESS) je nejčastější příčinou makrocefalie u kojen... more Benigní rozšíření subarachnoidálních prostorů (BESS) je nejčastější příčinou makrocefalie u kojenců, i důvodem pro jejich vyšetření u dětského neurologa. Referujeme kazuistiku dítěte ve věku 6 měsíců, u kterého bylo doporučeno vyšetření mozku pomocí magnetické rezonance, když jeho obvod hlavičky se rychle zvýšil nad 97. percentil. Bylo vysloveno podezření na BESS, i když dítě bylo psychomotoricky mírně opožděné. Ultrazvukové a MR vyšetření lebky odhalilo zvětšení předních subarachnoidálních prostorů (SA) s normální velikostí komor. Klíčová slova: benigní rozšíření subarachnoidálních prostorů, benigní makrokranie, makrocefalie, kojenec. Benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces in infancy Benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces (BESS) is one of the most frequent cause of macrocephaly and reasons for referral to a pediatric neurologist. We report a case of an infant aged 7 months who was referred for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain as the head circumference of the infant had increased rapidly to the 97 th percentile. A possibility of BESS was suspected since the child was mild neurodevelopmentally delay. Ultrasound and MRI of the cranium revealed enlargement anterior subarachnoid spaces with normal ventricules.
Moro reflex je samozřejmou a důležitou soucasti neurologickeho vysetřeni novorozence a maleho koj... more Moro reflex je samozřejmou a důležitou soucasti neurologickeho vysetřeni novorozence a maleho kojence. Od jeho popisu uplynulo100 let – byl popsan v praci Ernsta Moro v roce 1918 (Umklammerungsreflex). Ernst Moro (1874–1951) byl významnou osobnosti lekařskevědy pocatku 20. stoleti, jednou z důležitých postav rozvijejiciho se dětskeho lekařstvi s velmi sirokým odborným zaběrem. Jeho profesnikariera i životni osud byl vzhledem k židovskemu původu jeho ženy negativně ovlivněn politickou situaci v nacistickem Německu.
Lehka poraněni hlavy u děti jsou velmi castým klinickým problemem. Větsinou nejsou spojena se zav... more Lehka poraněni hlavy u děti jsou velmi castým klinickým problemem. Větsinou nejsou spojena se zavažným nitrolebnim poraněnim. Problemem je rozpoznat mezi těmito pacienty ty, kteři jsou ohroženi zavažnou komplikaci, a zaroveň omezit zbytecnou zatěž ostatnich (zobrazovaci vysetřeni, hospitalizace). Autor v souhrnu uvadi přehled teto problematiky s důrazem na aktualni poznatky.
Objective: To describe the incidence of developmental impairments (DI) among very low birth weigh... more Objective: To describe the incidence of developmental impairments (DI) among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at 24 months' corrected age, born in perinatal centers in 1997-2007, and evaluate their changing prognosis of intact development. Design: Prospective epidemiological study. Setting: Follow-up clinics of neonatal centers level III. Methods: Live birth rate, in-hospital mortality, neonatal morbidity, DI and quality of survival were assessed. Neonatal morbidity was analyzed in periods 2000/2, 2003/5, and 2006/7 by the data of Institute of Health Informatics and Statistics. DI and quality of survival were evaluated in cohorts of VLBW infants born in 1997/9 (period I), 2000/2 (period II), 2003/5 (period III) and 2006/7 (period IV). Results: Live birth rate of VLBW newborns in 1997-2007 increased in total of 39.5%, in-hospital mortality decreased, significantly in 1997-9 (fall of 10%). Neonatal morbidity, except infections, also declined. Significant decrease in DI-CP and visual impairment, was observed after period II, in category 1000-1499 g of 7/1.5%, in infants <1000 g of 8/7% resp. After period II, the prevalence of impaired children 1000-1499 g decreased of 5%, whereas in category < 1000 g only small decrease of 2% occurred in period III. Number of children without impairment increased gradually in both categories. Conclusions: The study showed significant increase in surviving VLBW infants, especially in category <1000 g. Increased survival rate at concurrent fall in severe neonatal morbidity (except infections) was not accompanied with worsened prognosis of an intact development.
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sep 1, 2017
Conclusions: Fetal therapy is associated with prenatally improvement in cardiac function in recip... more Conclusions: Fetal therapy is associated with prenatally improvement in cardiac function in recipients and donors. However, at third trimester there is still longitudinal motion abnormality in both fetuses and cardiac remodelling in the recipient. Postnatal cardiovascular evaluation is required to assess the clinical value of these findings.
Biomedical Papers of the Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc Czech Republic, Nov 14, 2018
Background. Diagnosing neonatal sepsis is difficult, particularly in preterm newborns. A promisin... more Background. Diagnosing neonatal sepsis is difficult, particularly in preterm newborns. A promising method appears to be evaluation of cell surface markers by flow cytometry. Methods. This prospective study investigated 217 newborns suspected of having early-or late-onset neonatal sepsis. In all, flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of CD64-positive neutrophils (nCD64). Based on the clinical course and laboratory test results, newborns were categorized as having proven, possible, clinical or no neonatal sepsis. Subsequently, associations between the categories and nCD64 values were analyzed. Results. There were significant associations between nCD64 values and the development of sepsis in newborns with both early-or late-onset sepsis. Conclusion. nCD64expression is significantly elevated in preterm newborn with early and late onset sepsis. The results show that nCD64 is a reliable marker for diagnosing neonatal sepsis.
The partial urorectal septum malformation (URSM) sequence is defined as a single The mother, a 19... more The partial urorectal septum malformation (URSM) sequence is defined as a single The mother, a 19-year-old caucasian woman, gravida 1, para 0, perineal/anal opening that drains a common cloaca presented to the Ultrasound Unit of The Department of Medical Genetic and Fetal Medicine at 18 weeks of spontaneous pregnancy in combination with an absent (imperforate) anus. for routine screening. There was no family history of congenital
Conclusions: Fetal therapy is associated with prenatally improvement in cardiac function in recip... more Conclusions: Fetal therapy is associated with prenatally improvement in cardiac function in recipients and donors. However, at third trimester there is still longitudinal motion abnormality in both fetuses and cardiac remodelling in the recipient. Postnatal cardiovascular evaluation is required to assess the clinical value of these findings.
Užívání kofeinu v nápojích a potravinách je běžné ve všech kulturách na celém světě. Kofein má př... more Užívání kofeinu v nápojích a potravinách je běžné ve všech kulturách na celém světě. Kofein má přitom významné a bohaté účinky na lidský organismus. Informace o jeho bezpečnosti v těhotenství a při kojení nejsou jednoznačné. Článek přináší přeh led údajů o konzumaci kofeinu při kojení a jeho vlivu na kojené dítě. Klíčová slova: kofein, kojení, mateřské mléko. Caffeine, coffee, and breast-feeding The use of caffeine in beverages and foods is common in all cultures across the world. As a matter of fact, caffeine produces signifi cant and plentiful effects on the human body. Information on its safety in pregnancy and during breastfeeding is not unequi vocal. The article presents a review of data on caffeine consumption during breastfeeding and its effect on the breastfed child.
PrĂĄce se zabĂ˝vĂĄ standardizacĂ americkĂS ĹĄkĂĄly Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Inf... more PrĂĄce se zabĂ˝vĂĄ standardizacĂ americkĂS ĹĄkĂĄly Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI), kterĂĄ slouŞà k hodnocenĂneurobehaviorĂĄlnĂho chovĂĄnĂ pĹedAasnA narozenĂ˝ch dAtĂ od 32. gestaAnĂho tĂ˝dne do doby pĹŻvodnĂho termĂnu porodutj. 38. – 40. gestaAnĂho tĂ˝dne. SouAĂĄstĂ standardizace tĂSto ĹĄkĂĄly bylo vytvoĹenĂ AeskĂS verze vyĹĄetĹovacĂho protokolu ĹĄkĂĄly NAPIa porovnĂĄnĂ neurobehaviorĂĄlnĂho vĂ˝voje AeskĂ˝ch pĹedAasnA narozenĂ˝ch dAtĂ s americkĂ˝mi pĹedAasnA narozenĂ˝mi dAtmi(normativnĂ data ĹĄkĂĄly NAPI).
Objective: To evaluate the differences in early maternal and neonatal morbidity after spontaneous... more Objective: To evaluate the differences in early maternal and neonatal morbidity after spontaneous delivery, forceps delivery and vacuum-extraction. Design: Retrospective clinical study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Palacký University, Olomouc. Methods: The database of 8196 deliveries at our department in the time period from January 1995 till September 2000 revealed 183 of forceps deliveries and 217 of vacuum-extractions. The control group included 200 randomly selected parturients with spontaneous vaginal delivery. The early maternal morbidity was evaluated according to the following parameters: perineal tears of the IIIrd + IVth degree, duration of hospitalization, average blood loss, the need of analgetics, dehiscence of episiotomy requiring resuture, febrilies and administration of antibiotics. The early neonatal morbidity evaluation was based on the incidence of cephalhematomas, the incidence of hyperbilirubinaemia, duration of hospitalization, signs of fetal hypoxia (pH, Apgar score), gestational age, birthweight and the presence of intracranial and retinal bleeding. The statistical significance of the differences in the frequency of the above parameters was evaluated. Results: Spontaneous deliveries were associated with lower maternal morbidity according to the most of studied parameters. Vacuum-extraction had a lower frequency of maternal postpartum complications compared to forceps deliveries. Statistically valid differences were however found only at perineal tears of the IIIrd + IVth degree and at administration of analgetic and antibiotics. The use of vacuum-extraction seems to be connected with a higher risk of cephalhematomas (p = 0.0051) and longer duration of hospitalization. Conclusions: From the point of view of early maternal morbidity the assisted vaginal delivery by vacuumextraction gives better results than by forceps. However vacuum-extraction increases the risk of cephalhematomas at newborn.
The study was aimed at (1) the determination of the incidence of abnormalities of the urinary tra... more The study was aimed at (1) the determination of the incidence of abnormalities of the urinary tract in newborn infants detected by postnatal ultrasound screening, and (2) the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of postnatal ultrasound screening for detecting surgical urinary tract abnormalities. The prospective study was of full-term neonates born in the University Hospital of Olomouc in 2005-2008 who underwent renal ultrasound screening after 72 h of life. Significant findings were recorded. Subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were recorded and evaluated in a group of children with detected renal pelvic dilatation (RPD). (1) A total of 6,088 newborn infants was examined. The absolute and relative RPD incidence rates (anteroposterior diameter, APD) were as follows: 5-7 mm, 146 (2.4%); 7-10 mm, 70 (1.15%); 10-15 mm, 13 (0.21%), and 15 mm or more, 5 (0.08%). Of those, 16 children were operated on for abnormalities of the urinary tract, of which nine (56%) had been detected by prenatal screening. Other findings: six cases of unilateral renal agenesis, four cases of multicystic renal dysplasia, four of renal dystopia, one of polycystic kidney disease and one of renal hypoplasia. (2) A group of 224 children with postnatally detected RPD was examined, of whom 40 (17.9%) underwent voiding cystourethrography and/or scintigraphy and 16 (7.1%) were treated surgically. The receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed, and the areas under the curves were calculated. Postnatal renal ultrasound screening is probably a suitable test for detecting significant urinary tract abnormalities.
Hypoxicko-ischemicka encefalopatie zůstava významnou přicinou mortality a pozdni morbidity donose... more Hypoxicko-ischemicka encefalopatie zůstava významnou přicinou mortality a pozdni morbidity donosených novorozenců. Lecebna opatřeni byla donedavna omezena pouze na obecně podpůrnou a symptomatickou terapii. Lecebna hypotermie je proto vitanou možnosti, jak pozitivně ovlivnit osud novorozenců s hypoxicko-ischemickou encefalopatii. Sděleni přinasi zakladni informace o použiti metody v teto indikaci.
Obrázek 1 a 2. MRI vyšetření mozku (sagitální a axiální rovina): v pravé polovině hlavy zjištěny ... more Obrázek 1 a 2. MRI vyšetření mozku (sagitální a axiální rovina): v pravé polovině hlavy zjištěny artefakty (černé fleky)
Užívání kofeinu v nápojích a potravinách je běžné ve všech kulturách na celém světě. Kofein má př... more Užívání kofeinu v nápojích a potravinách je běžné ve všech kulturách na celém světě. Kofein má přitom významné a bohaté účinky na lidský organismus. Informace o jeho bezpečnosti v těhotenství a při kojení nejsou jednoznačné. Článek přináší přeh led údajů o konzumaci kofeinu při kojení a jeho vlivu na kojené dítě. Klíčová slova: kofein, kojení, mateřské mléko. Caffeine, coffee, and breast-feeding The use of caffeine in beverages and foods is common in all cultures across the world. As a matter of fact, caffeine produces signifi cant and plentiful effects on the human body. Information on its safety in pregnancy and during breastfeeding is not unequi vocal. The article presents a review of data on caffeine consumption during breastfeeding and its effect on the breastfed child.
Benigní rozšíření subarachnoidálních prostorů (BESS) je nejčastější příčinou makrocefalie u kojen... more Benigní rozšíření subarachnoidálních prostorů (BESS) je nejčastější příčinou makrocefalie u kojenců, i důvodem pro jejich vyšetření u dětského neurologa. Referujeme kazuistiku dítěte ve věku 6 měsíců, u kterého bylo doporučeno vyšetření mozku pomocí magnetické rezonance, když jeho obvod hlavičky se rychle zvýšil nad 97. percentil. Bylo vysloveno podezření na BESS, i když dítě bylo psychomotoricky mírně opožděné. Ultrazvukové a MR vyšetření lebky odhalilo zvětšení předních subarachnoidálních prostorů (SA) s normální velikostí komor. Klíčová slova: benigní rozšíření subarachnoidálních prostorů, benigní makrokranie, makrocefalie, kojenec. Benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces in infancy Benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces (BESS) is one of the most frequent cause of macrocephaly and reasons for referral to a pediatric neurologist. We report a case of an infant aged 7 months who was referred for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain as the head circumference of the infant had increased rapidly to the 97 th percentile. A possibility of BESS was suspected since the child was mild neurodevelopmentally delay. Ultrasound and MRI of the cranium revealed enlargement anterior subarachnoid spaces with normal ventricules.
Moro reflex je samozřejmou a důležitou soucasti neurologickeho vysetřeni novorozence a maleho koj... more Moro reflex je samozřejmou a důležitou soucasti neurologickeho vysetřeni novorozence a maleho kojence. Od jeho popisu uplynulo100 let – byl popsan v praci Ernsta Moro v roce 1918 (Umklammerungsreflex). Ernst Moro (1874–1951) byl významnou osobnosti lekařskevědy pocatku 20. stoleti, jednou z důležitých postav rozvijejiciho se dětskeho lekařstvi s velmi sirokým odborným zaběrem. Jeho profesnikariera i životni osud byl vzhledem k židovskemu původu jeho ženy negativně ovlivněn politickou situaci v nacistickem Německu.
Lehka poraněni hlavy u děti jsou velmi castým klinickým problemem. Větsinou nejsou spojena se zav... more Lehka poraněni hlavy u děti jsou velmi castým klinickým problemem. Větsinou nejsou spojena se zavažným nitrolebnim poraněnim. Problemem je rozpoznat mezi těmito pacienty ty, kteři jsou ohroženi zavažnou komplikaci, a zaroveň omezit zbytecnou zatěž ostatnich (zobrazovaci vysetřeni, hospitalizace). Autor v souhrnu uvadi přehled teto problematiky s důrazem na aktualni poznatky.
Objective: To describe the incidence of developmental impairments (DI) among very low birth weigh... more Objective: To describe the incidence of developmental impairments (DI) among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at 24 months' corrected age, born in perinatal centers in 1997-2007, and evaluate their changing prognosis of intact development. Design: Prospective epidemiological study. Setting: Follow-up clinics of neonatal centers level III. Methods: Live birth rate, in-hospital mortality, neonatal morbidity, DI and quality of survival were assessed. Neonatal morbidity was analyzed in periods 2000/2, 2003/5, and 2006/7 by the data of Institute of Health Informatics and Statistics. DI and quality of survival were evaluated in cohorts of VLBW infants born in 1997/9 (period I), 2000/2 (period II), 2003/5 (period III) and 2006/7 (period IV). Results: Live birth rate of VLBW newborns in 1997-2007 increased in total of 39.5%, in-hospital mortality decreased, significantly in 1997-9 (fall of 10%). Neonatal morbidity, except infections, also declined. Significant decrease in DI-CP and visual impairment, was observed after period II, in category 1000-1499 g of 7/1.5%, in infants <1000 g of 8/7% resp. After period II, the prevalence of impaired children 1000-1499 g decreased of 5%, whereas in category < 1000 g only small decrease of 2% occurred in period III. Number of children without impairment increased gradually in both categories. Conclusions: The study showed significant increase in surviving VLBW infants, especially in category <1000 g. Increased survival rate at concurrent fall in severe neonatal morbidity (except infections) was not accompanied with worsened prognosis of an intact development.
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sep 1, 2017
Conclusions: Fetal therapy is associated with prenatally improvement in cardiac function in recip... more Conclusions: Fetal therapy is associated with prenatally improvement in cardiac function in recipients and donors. However, at third trimester there is still longitudinal motion abnormality in both fetuses and cardiac remodelling in the recipient. Postnatal cardiovascular evaluation is required to assess the clinical value of these findings.
Biomedical Papers of the Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc Czech Republic, Nov 14, 2018
Background. Diagnosing neonatal sepsis is difficult, particularly in preterm newborns. A promisin... more Background. Diagnosing neonatal sepsis is difficult, particularly in preterm newborns. A promising method appears to be evaluation of cell surface markers by flow cytometry. Methods. This prospective study investigated 217 newborns suspected of having early-or late-onset neonatal sepsis. In all, flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of CD64-positive neutrophils (nCD64). Based on the clinical course and laboratory test results, newborns were categorized as having proven, possible, clinical or no neonatal sepsis. Subsequently, associations between the categories and nCD64 values were analyzed. Results. There were significant associations between nCD64 values and the development of sepsis in newborns with both early-or late-onset sepsis. Conclusion. nCD64expression is significantly elevated in preterm newborn with early and late onset sepsis. The results show that nCD64 is a reliable marker for diagnosing neonatal sepsis.
The partial urorectal septum malformation (URSM) sequence is defined as a single The mother, a 19... more The partial urorectal septum malformation (URSM) sequence is defined as a single The mother, a 19-year-old caucasian woman, gravida 1, para 0, perineal/anal opening that drains a common cloaca presented to the Ultrasound Unit of The Department of Medical Genetic and Fetal Medicine at 18 weeks of spontaneous pregnancy in combination with an absent (imperforate) anus. for routine screening. There was no family history of congenital
Conclusions: Fetal therapy is associated with prenatally improvement in cardiac function in recip... more Conclusions: Fetal therapy is associated with prenatally improvement in cardiac function in recipients and donors. However, at third trimester there is still longitudinal motion abnormality in both fetuses and cardiac remodelling in the recipient. Postnatal cardiovascular evaluation is required to assess the clinical value of these findings.
Užívání kofeinu v nápojích a potravinách je běžné ve všech kulturách na celém světě. Kofein má př... more Užívání kofeinu v nápojích a potravinách je běžné ve všech kulturách na celém světě. Kofein má přitom významné a bohaté účinky na lidský organismus. Informace o jeho bezpečnosti v těhotenství a při kojení nejsou jednoznačné. Článek přináší přeh led údajů o konzumaci kofeinu při kojení a jeho vlivu na kojené dítě. Klíčová slova: kofein, kojení, mateřské mléko. Caffeine, coffee, and breast-feeding The use of caffeine in beverages and foods is common in all cultures across the world. As a matter of fact, caffeine produces signifi cant and plentiful effects on the human body. Information on its safety in pregnancy and during breastfeeding is not unequi vocal. The article presents a review of data on caffeine consumption during breastfeeding and its effect on the breastfed child.
PrĂĄce se zabĂ˝vĂĄ standardizacĂ americkĂS ĹĄkĂĄly Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Inf... more PrĂĄce se zabĂ˝vĂĄ standardizacĂ americkĂS ĹĄkĂĄly Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI), kterĂĄ slouŞà k hodnocenĂneurobehaviorĂĄlnĂho chovĂĄnĂ pĹedAasnA narozenĂ˝ch dAtĂ od 32. gestaAnĂho tĂ˝dne do doby pĹŻvodnĂho termĂnu porodutj. 38. – 40. gestaAnĂho tĂ˝dne. SouAĂĄstĂ standardizace tĂSto ĹĄkĂĄly bylo vytvoĹenĂ AeskĂS verze vyĹĄetĹovacĂho protokolu ĹĄkĂĄly NAPIa porovnĂĄnĂ neurobehaviorĂĄlnĂho vĂ˝voje AeskĂ˝ch pĹedAasnA narozenĂ˝ch dAtĂ s americkĂ˝mi pĹedAasnA narozenĂ˝mi dAtmi(normativnĂ data ĹĄkĂĄly NAPI).
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