Introduction: The prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Vision Threatening Diabetic Retinop... more Introduction: The prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Vision Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy (VTDR) in Greater Bandung on 2017 was 24,7% and 9% respectively. It mean almost 30% DR fall into VTDR, although it could be prevented. Fundus examination in primary level of prevention is important to prevent VTDR, and potential barriers on it included knowledge, attitude, practice and related factors should be overcome. The objective of this research was to assess knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) and related factors on diabetic fundus examination among GPs in Puskesmas of Bandung City. Method: This was a population based cross sectional study conducted on April-June 2020, involving 115 GPs at 62 Puskesmas of Bandung City who fulfilled the eligibility criteria by purposive sampling. It used self administered KAP questionnaire on diabetic fundus examination. The data were presented in descriptive and analytical explanation using Chi-square with p value of 0,05 as statistical signi...
Low vision is a condition when one has reduced vision even when using the best possible spectacle... more Low vision is a condition when one has reduced vision even when using the best possible spectacle available. In Indonesia, the low vision people reach 2.2% of total populations. This impairments affect to theirs daily living. The most effective way to reduce the degree of ...
Introduction: To observe the number and presentation of retinal redetachment after primary reatta... more Introduction: To observe the number and presentation of retinal redetachment after primary reattachment treatment in a national eye center. Methods: This study was designed for observational descriptive of the medical record from April 2011 to March 2012. Selected cases were identified on the secondary retinal surgery for retinal reattachment followed the failure of the primary treatment. Cases were then classified into 4 groups based on the primary reattach-ment procedure: pneumatic retinopexy (PR), scleral buckle (SB), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and combined SB with PPV. Furthermore, in the group of PPV and SB+PPV were then divided into 3 subgroups based on the intraocular tamponade: SF 6 gas, silicone oil, and heavy silicone oil. Results: At one-year followed-up data, the presentation retinal redetachment was 7.1%, relative to the sex female (26%) was less than male (74%) with the most common age group was 41-50 years-old. Regarding with primary reattachment treatment, cases of...
Imaging of retinal blood vessels performed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) requires the ... more Imaging of retinal blood vessels performed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) requires the use of injected fluorescence agent to enhance blood contrast during image acquisition. This procedure leads to several risks to the patient, including nausea and loss of consciousness. Another available approach which applies no contrast agent is the fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF). However, the natural characteristics of images produced from the FAF procedure is blurred, and the contrast of the image is narrowly-spanned such that important retinal features are sometimes indiscernable. This paper proposes alternative methods to obtain the angiographical information from standard colour-fundus images and FAF images, instead of the conventional FFA images, thus minimizing the risk to the patient by eliminating the need for fluorescence contrast agent. 1.
Introduction: The incidence of Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFBs) among open-globe injuries ranges ... more Introduction: The incidence of Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFBs) among open-globe injuries ranges from 18% to 41%. In addition to clinical examination at the slit-lamp and indirect ophthalmoscopy, various imaging modalities are valuable for the identification and localization of IOFB. Vision loss can be devastating as a result of endophthalmitis, retinal detachment or proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Timely and appropriate management often leads to favorable anatomic outcomes with restoration of good visual function in the majority of cases. This case report presents the clinical and diagnostic finding, management, outcomes and further plan of the patients with posterior segment IOFB. Purpose: To report some cases of posterior segment intraocular foreign body. Case report: Three patients with history of ocular trauma of the right eye that happened at workplace. All of patients were men in age range 20-55 years old . There were also loss of vision, pain, redness, and from ophth...
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes and one of th... more Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of blindness. Retinal function loss in diabetic patients is not only caused by microvascular abnormality but also retinal neurodegeneration. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can detect retinal neural tissue loss caused by diabetes by measuring the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness on the cross-sectional imaging of the retina. This study is to evaluate the changes of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in diabetic retinopathy patients using OCT and compare it to age matched healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 16 eyes from 11 diabetic retinopathy patients and 10 eyes from 7 aged matched healthy subjects for control. Patients underwent optic nerve OCT imaging, RNFLÂ thickness was recorded globally (average thickness) and segmented for superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants Result: There were no significant differe...
Purpose: To describe the effect of combination of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) procedure to scleral ... more Purpose: To describe the effect of combination of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) procedure to scleral buckle (SB) on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery. Materials and Methods: A comparison study to 39 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent SB (group 1) or combined SB and PR (group 2) between January 2014 and December 2014 was performed. Break location, macula status, visual acuity before and after surgery, break apposition, attachment of retina, and recurrence of RD were recorded. Results: The single surgery attachment rate for group 1 and 2 was 90% and 100%, respectively. Lower incidence of redetachment was noted in the combined SB and PR group. (0% vs 2%, p=0.487). We found that in 2 patients with malpositioned buckle in group 2, the break was closed after tamponade with SF6 and laser photocoagulation. The visual acuity in one-month follow-up was significantly different between the two groups (P=0.017). Conclusion: Combination of SB with PR may improved th...
Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a highly specific microvascular complication of both t... more Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a highly specific microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) that can cause significant visual impairment in adult populations worldwide. The risk of having and/or developing DR is influenced by many systemic features. Identification and management of particular systemic risk factors as early as possible during the course of DM might lower incidence of further progression and severity of DR. The aim of this study is to describe the correlation between systemic risk factors and DR in patients with DM in Cicendo National Eye Hospital on December 1st 2017 – January 31st 2018. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study. The subjects were all patients diagnosed with DR based on ophthalmology examination at outpatient clinic of Vitreoretinal Division in Cicendo National Eye Hospital. The data were analyzed using chi-square (x2) with significances of p < 0.05. Result: Seventy-one eyes were included in this stu...
Imaging of retinal blood vessels performed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) requires the ... more Imaging of retinal blood vessels performed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) requires the use of injected fluorescence agent to enhance blood contrast during image acquisition. This procedure leads to several risks to the patient, including nausea and loss of consciousness. Another available approach which applies no contrast agent is the fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF). However, the natural characteristics of images produced from the FAF procedure is blurred, and the contrast of the image is narrowly-spanned such that important retinal features are sometimes indiscernable. This paper proposes alternative methods to obtain the angiographical information from standard colour-fundus images and FAF images, instead of the conventional FFA images, thus minimizing the risk to the patient by eliminating the need for fluorescence contrast agent.
Purpose Tumbling E is commonly used for visual acuity screening for children and adults. Currentl... more Purpose Tumbling E is commonly used for visual acuity screening for children and adults. Currently, AAPOS recommends a computerized visual acuity-based screening application JVAS with standardized optotype and illumination, quick examination, simple procedure that needs relatively small space and no need specialized training for the examiner. The aim of this study was to determine agreement value of visual acuity screening in preschool children between using computerized application JVAS and tumbling E. Methods This was a correlation study between JVAS and tumbling E. Subjects selected by multistage random sampling and met the inclusion criteria were examined using JVAS and tumbling E at intervals of 10 minutes in the same room by a refractionist. The difference between the results of the two charts was determined with chi-square McNemar test and the agreement value were analyzed using Kappa index method. Results Kappa index 0.296 showed a poor agreement in visual acuity screening i...
Introduction: The incidence of Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFBs) among open-globe injuries ranges ... more Introduction: The incidence of Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFBs) among open-globe injuries ranges from 18% to 41%. In addition to clinical examination at the slit-lamp and indirect ophthalmoscopy, various imaging modalities are valuable for the identification and localization of IOFB. Vision loss can be devastating as a result of endophthalmitis, retinal detachment or proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Timely and appropriate management often leads to favorable anatomic outcomes with restoration of good visual function in the majority of cases. This case report presents the clinical and diagnostic finding, management, outcomes and further plan of the patients with posterior segment IOFB. Purpose: To report some cases of posterior segment intraocular foreign body. Case report: Three patients with history of ocular trauma of the right eye that happened at workplace. All of patients were men in age range 20-55 years old . There were also loss of vision, pain, redness, and from ophtha...
Background: Ocular trauma is an important cause of monocular visual impairment globally. It is un... more Background: Ocular trauma is an important cause of monocular visual impairment globally. It is unplanned yet preventable and potentially cause multiple injuries to eyelid, ocular surface, anterior and posterior segments, globe, and also orbital soft tissue. Posterior segment ocular trauma is still an important cause of visual loss and disability. The aim of this study is to report clinical characteristics of posterior segment ocular trauma. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study including 1,531 trauma cases that within period of January to December 2018. Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS), Ocular Trauma Score (OTS), and Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score (POTS) were used to classify the trauma and assess Results: Of 1,531, 95.7% injured patients were male, 64.4% injuries occurred in young adult group, 26.7% patients were labors, and 94.6% injured tissue were corneas (96.8% due to foreign bodies); while 1.37% cases involved vitreous, 0.79% choroid, 0.74% retina...
Input sensorik pada manusia 80% terjadi melalui retina, melibatkan sekitar sepertiga otak manusia... more Input sensorik pada manusia 80% terjadi melalui retina, melibatkan sekitar sepertiga otak manusia dalam proses pengolahan informasi sensorik. Retina merupakan bagian dari sistem saraf pusat (SSP) yang mudah terlihat sehingga retina dapat menjadi "jendela" untuk memeriksa bagian SSP dan sistem kardiovaskular.1,2 Pengetahuan menyeluruh mengenai embriologi dan anatomi mata adalah prasyarat untuk memahami penyakit yang memiliki manifestasi okular. Pengetahuan anatomi tersebut penting untuk perencanaan yang tepat dan pelaksanaan yang aman dari operasi mata dan orbita. Penelitian mengenai perkembangan mata, terutama embriologi, merupakan hal yang sulit karena kelangkaan subjek yang sesuai, sehingga masih ada ketergantungan pada studi hewan. Embriologi mata manusia sudah banyak diteliti walau terdapat sedikit hambatan, dan hal ini telah menyebabkan pemahaman yang lebih dalam pada anomali perkembangan mata serta cara menanganinya. Sari kepustakaan ini berisi pengetahuan dasar tent...
Pemeriksaan fundus memerlukan akses visualisasi yang baik. Pada penderita diabetes melitus, pupil... more Pemeriksaan fundus memerlukan akses visualisasi yang baik. Pada penderita diabetes melitus, pupil sulit lebar menggunakan obat pelebar pupil standar sehingga perlu ditambahkan agen pelebar pupil. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Mata Cicendo periode Januari sampai Juli 2014 menggunakan metode double masked rendomized cotrolled trial terhadap 64 mata dari 32 subjek penelitian yang telah didiagnosis menderita retinopati diabetika dengan tingkat yang sama antara mata kiri dan kanan. Dibuat larutan kombinasi campuran 10 mL tropikamid 0,5%/fenilefrin 0,5%, 10 mL fenilefrin 5% dan 10 ml 0,1% Na diklofenak (larutan I) dan campuran 10 mL tropikamid 0,5%/fenilefrin 0,5%, dan 10 mL fenilefrin 5% (larutan II). Setiap subjek mendapat salah satu larutan pada mata dan larutan yang lain pada sebelahnya secara acak. Dilakukan pemantauan dengan cara memotret pupil pada menit ke-15, 20, dan 25 pada kedua mata. Lebar pupil kedua kelompok perlakuan diukur dengan perangkat lunak khusus (image processing). Dari penenelitian terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara penggunaan larutan I dan larutan II dalam melebarkan pupil baik pada menit ke-15 (t=2,02; p=0,047), menit ke 20 (t=2,23; p=0,029), dan pada menit ke-25 (t=2,041; p=0,045). Larutan kombinasi fenilefrin, tropikamid, dan natrium diklofenak menghasilkan efek dilatasi pupil yang lebih baik dibanding dengan larutan kombinasi fenilefrin dan tropikamid saja pada kasus retinopati diabetes. [
Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication in patients with D... more Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) that can cause visual impairment and blindness in adult populations. Retinal microvascular changes, reflecting capillary drop out, non perfusion, and retinal ischemia seen in patients with DM can be assessed not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively with the introduction of a new, non invasive imaging modality Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), avoiding potential advese risks that can occur with the use of dye-injection imaging technique. We quantified retinal microvascular changes in healthy control eyes and Diabetic Retinopathy using OCTA. Methods: A cross sectional study included 13 eyes of 9 patients with DR, consists of 11 eyes with Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) and 2 eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) and 5 eyes of 5 age-matched controls. Participants were imaged with commercial OCTA device (CIRRUS HD-OCT 500...
Introduction: The prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Vision Threatening Diabetic Retinop... more Introduction: The prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Vision Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy (VTDR) in Greater Bandung on 2017 was 24,7% and 9% respectively. It mean almost 30% DR fall into VTDR, although it could be prevented. Fundus examination in primary level of prevention is important to prevent VTDR, and potential barriers on it included knowledge, attitude, practice and related factors should be overcome. The objective of this research was to assess knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) and related factors on diabetic fundus examination among GPs in Puskesmas of Bandung City. Method: This was a population based cross sectional study conducted on April-June 2020, involving 115 GPs at 62 Puskesmas of Bandung City who fulfilled the eligibility criteria by purposive sampling. It used self administered KAP questionnaire on diabetic fundus examination. The data were presented in descriptive and analytical explanation using Chi-square with p value of 0,05 as statistical signi...
Low vision is a condition when one has reduced vision even when using the best possible spectacle... more Low vision is a condition when one has reduced vision even when using the best possible spectacle available. In Indonesia, the low vision people reach 2.2% of total populations. This impairments affect to theirs daily living. The most effective way to reduce the degree of ...
Introduction: To observe the number and presentation of retinal redetachment after primary reatta... more Introduction: To observe the number and presentation of retinal redetachment after primary reattachment treatment in a national eye center. Methods: This study was designed for observational descriptive of the medical record from April 2011 to March 2012. Selected cases were identified on the secondary retinal surgery for retinal reattachment followed the failure of the primary treatment. Cases were then classified into 4 groups based on the primary reattach-ment procedure: pneumatic retinopexy (PR), scleral buckle (SB), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and combined SB with PPV. Furthermore, in the group of PPV and SB+PPV were then divided into 3 subgroups based on the intraocular tamponade: SF 6 gas, silicone oil, and heavy silicone oil. Results: At one-year followed-up data, the presentation retinal redetachment was 7.1%, relative to the sex female (26%) was less than male (74%) with the most common age group was 41-50 years-old. Regarding with primary reattachment treatment, cases of...
Imaging of retinal blood vessels performed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) requires the ... more Imaging of retinal blood vessels performed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) requires the use of injected fluorescence agent to enhance blood contrast during image acquisition. This procedure leads to several risks to the patient, including nausea and loss of consciousness. Another available approach which applies no contrast agent is the fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF). However, the natural characteristics of images produced from the FAF procedure is blurred, and the contrast of the image is narrowly-spanned such that important retinal features are sometimes indiscernable. This paper proposes alternative methods to obtain the angiographical information from standard colour-fundus images and FAF images, instead of the conventional FFA images, thus minimizing the risk to the patient by eliminating the need for fluorescence contrast agent. 1.
Introduction: The incidence of Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFBs) among open-globe injuries ranges ... more Introduction: The incidence of Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFBs) among open-globe injuries ranges from 18% to 41%. In addition to clinical examination at the slit-lamp and indirect ophthalmoscopy, various imaging modalities are valuable for the identification and localization of IOFB. Vision loss can be devastating as a result of endophthalmitis, retinal detachment or proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Timely and appropriate management often leads to favorable anatomic outcomes with restoration of good visual function in the majority of cases. This case report presents the clinical and diagnostic finding, management, outcomes and further plan of the patients with posterior segment IOFB. Purpose: To report some cases of posterior segment intraocular foreign body. Case report: Three patients with history of ocular trauma of the right eye that happened at workplace. All of patients were men in age range 20-55 years old . There were also loss of vision, pain, redness, and from ophth...
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes and one of th... more Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of blindness. Retinal function loss in diabetic patients is not only caused by microvascular abnormality but also retinal neurodegeneration. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can detect retinal neural tissue loss caused by diabetes by measuring the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness on the cross-sectional imaging of the retina. This study is to evaluate the changes of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in diabetic retinopathy patients using OCT and compare it to age matched healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 16 eyes from 11 diabetic retinopathy patients and 10 eyes from 7 aged matched healthy subjects for control. Patients underwent optic nerve OCT imaging, RNFLÂ thickness was recorded globally (average thickness) and segmented for superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants Result: There were no significant differe...
Purpose: To describe the effect of combination of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) procedure to scleral ... more Purpose: To describe the effect of combination of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) procedure to scleral buckle (SB) on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery. Materials and Methods: A comparison study to 39 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent SB (group 1) or combined SB and PR (group 2) between January 2014 and December 2014 was performed. Break location, macula status, visual acuity before and after surgery, break apposition, attachment of retina, and recurrence of RD were recorded. Results: The single surgery attachment rate for group 1 and 2 was 90% and 100%, respectively. Lower incidence of redetachment was noted in the combined SB and PR group. (0% vs 2%, p=0.487). We found that in 2 patients with malpositioned buckle in group 2, the break was closed after tamponade with SF6 and laser photocoagulation. The visual acuity in one-month follow-up was significantly different between the two groups (P=0.017). Conclusion: Combination of SB with PR may improved th...
Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a highly specific microvascular complication of both t... more Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a highly specific microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) that can cause significant visual impairment in adult populations worldwide. The risk of having and/or developing DR is influenced by many systemic features. Identification and management of particular systemic risk factors as early as possible during the course of DM might lower incidence of further progression and severity of DR. The aim of this study is to describe the correlation between systemic risk factors and DR in patients with DM in Cicendo National Eye Hospital on December 1st 2017 – January 31st 2018. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study. The subjects were all patients diagnosed with DR based on ophthalmology examination at outpatient clinic of Vitreoretinal Division in Cicendo National Eye Hospital. The data were analyzed using chi-square (x2) with significances of p < 0.05. Result: Seventy-one eyes were included in this stu...
Imaging of retinal blood vessels performed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) requires the ... more Imaging of retinal blood vessels performed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) requires the use of injected fluorescence agent to enhance blood contrast during image acquisition. This procedure leads to several risks to the patient, including nausea and loss of consciousness. Another available approach which applies no contrast agent is the fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF). However, the natural characteristics of images produced from the FAF procedure is blurred, and the contrast of the image is narrowly-spanned such that important retinal features are sometimes indiscernable. This paper proposes alternative methods to obtain the angiographical information from standard colour-fundus images and FAF images, instead of the conventional FFA images, thus minimizing the risk to the patient by eliminating the need for fluorescence contrast agent.
Purpose Tumbling E is commonly used for visual acuity screening for children and adults. Currentl... more Purpose Tumbling E is commonly used for visual acuity screening for children and adults. Currently, AAPOS recommends a computerized visual acuity-based screening application JVAS with standardized optotype and illumination, quick examination, simple procedure that needs relatively small space and no need specialized training for the examiner. The aim of this study was to determine agreement value of visual acuity screening in preschool children between using computerized application JVAS and tumbling E. Methods This was a correlation study between JVAS and tumbling E. Subjects selected by multistage random sampling and met the inclusion criteria were examined using JVAS and tumbling E at intervals of 10 minutes in the same room by a refractionist. The difference between the results of the two charts was determined with chi-square McNemar test and the agreement value were analyzed using Kappa index method. Results Kappa index 0.296 showed a poor agreement in visual acuity screening i...
Introduction: The incidence of Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFBs) among open-globe injuries ranges ... more Introduction: The incidence of Intraocular Foreign Body (IOFBs) among open-globe injuries ranges from 18% to 41%. In addition to clinical examination at the slit-lamp and indirect ophthalmoscopy, various imaging modalities are valuable for the identification and localization of IOFB. Vision loss can be devastating as a result of endophthalmitis, retinal detachment or proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Timely and appropriate management often leads to favorable anatomic outcomes with restoration of good visual function in the majority of cases. This case report presents the clinical and diagnostic finding, management, outcomes and further plan of the patients with posterior segment IOFB. Purpose: To report some cases of posterior segment intraocular foreign body. Case report: Three patients with history of ocular trauma of the right eye that happened at workplace. All of patients were men in age range 20-55 years old . There were also loss of vision, pain, redness, and from ophtha...
Background: Ocular trauma is an important cause of monocular visual impairment globally. It is un... more Background: Ocular trauma is an important cause of monocular visual impairment globally. It is unplanned yet preventable and potentially cause multiple injuries to eyelid, ocular surface, anterior and posterior segments, globe, and also orbital soft tissue. Posterior segment ocular trauma is still an important cause of visual loss and disability. The aim of this study is to report clinical characteristics of posterior segment ocular trauma. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study including 1,531 trauma cases that within period of January to December 2018. Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS), Ocular Trauma Score (OTS), and Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score (POTS) were used to classify the trauma and assess Results: Of 1,531, 95.7% injured patients were male, 64.4% injuries occurred in young adult group, 26.7% patients were labors, and 94.6% injured tissue were corneas (96.8% due to foreign bodies); while 1.37% cases involved vitreous, 0.79% choroid, 0.74% retina...
Input sensorik pada manusia 80% terjadi melalui retina, melibatkan sekitar sepertiga otak manusia... more Input sensorik pada manusia 80% terjadi melalui retina, melibatkan sekitar sepertiga otak manusia dalam proses pengolahan informasi sensorik. Retina merupakan bagian dari sistem saraf pusat (SSP) yang mudah terlihat sehingga retina dapat menjadi "jendela" untuk memeriksa bagian SSP dan sistem kardiovaskular.1,2 Pengetahuan menyeluruh mengenai embriologi dan anatomi mata adalah prasyarat untuk memahami penyakit yang memiliki manifestasi okular. Pengetahuan anatomi tersebut penting untuk perencanaan yang tepat dan pelaksanaan yang aman dari operasi mata dan orbita. Penelitian mengenai perkembangan mata, terutama embriologi, merupakan hal yang sulit karena kelangkaan subjek yang sesuai, sehingga masih ada ketergantungan pada studi hewan. Embriologi mata manusia sudah banyak diteliti walau terdapat sedikit hambatan, dan hal ini telah menyebabkan pemahaman yang lebih dalam pada anomali perkembangan mata serta cara menanganinya. Sari kepustakaan ini berisi pengetahuan dasar tent...
Pemeriksaan fundus memerlukan akses visualisasi yang baik. Pada penderita diabetes melitus, pupil... more Pemeriksaan fundus memerlukan akses visualisasi yang baik. Pada penderita diabetes melitus, pupil sulit lebar menggunakan obat pelebar pupil standar sehingga perlu ditambahkan agen pelebar pupil. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Mata Cicendo periode Januari sampai Juli 2014 menggunakan metode double masked rendomized cotrolled trial terhadap 64 mata dari 32 subjek penelitian yang telah didiagnosis menderita retinopati diabetika dengan tingkat yang sama antara mata kiri dan kanan. Dibuat larutan kombinasi campuran 10 mL tropikamid 0,5%/fenilefrin 0,5%, 10 mL fenilefrin 5% dan 10 ml 0,1% Na diklofenak (larutan I) dan campuran 10 mL tropikamid 0,5%/fenilefrin 0,5%, dan 10 mL fenilefrin 5% (larutan II). Setiap subjek mendapat salah satu larutan pada mata dan larutan yang lain pada sebelahnya secara acak. Dilakukan pemantauan dengan cara memotret pupil pada menit ke-15, 20, dan 25 pada kedua mata. Lebar pupil kedua kelompok perlakuan diukur dengan perangkat lunak khusus (image processing). Dari penenelitian terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara penggunaan larutan I dan larutan II dalam melebarkan pupil baik pada menit ke-15 (t=2,02; p=0,047), menit ke 20 (t=2,23; p=0,029), dan pada menit ke-25 (t=2,041; p=0,045). Larutan kombinasi fenilefrin, tropikamid, dan natrium diklofenak menghasilkan efek dilatasi pupil yang lebih baik dibanding dengan larutan kombinasi fenilefrin dan tropikamid saja pada kasus retinopati diabetes. [
Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication in patients with D... more Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) that can cause visual impairment and blindness in adult populations. Retinal microvascular changes, reflecting capillary drop out, non perfusion, and retinal ischemia seen in patients with DM can be assessed not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively with the introduction of a new, non invasive imaging modality Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), avoiding potential advese risks that can occur with the use of dye-injection imaging technique. We quantified retinal microvascular changes in healthy control eyes and Diabetic Retinopathy using OCTA. Methods: A cross sectional study included 13 eyes of 9 patients with DR, consists of 11 eyes with Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) and 2 eyes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) and 5 eyes of 5 age-matched controls. Participants were imaged with commercial OCTA device (CIRRUS HD-OCT 500...
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