Subscriptions and advertising inquiries should be sent to Mediterranean Politics at the address g... more Subscriptions and advertising inquiries should be sent to Mediterranean Politics at the address given below. Published in Spring, Summer and Autumn
Le présent rapport est la dernière contribution de la Fondation européenne pour la formation (ETF... more Le présent rapport est la dernière contribution de la Fondation européenne pour la formation (ETF) à un dialogue politique éclairé sur la migration dans le cadre de l'emploi et des compétences. Il s'inscrit dans une série de rapports qui présentent les principales conclusions du projet «Mesures de soutien aux migrants en matière d'emploi et de compétences» (MISMES). Le projet a été coordonné par le Centre des politiques migratoires de l'Institut universitaire européen (IUE) sous la supervision de l'ETF. Le résultat de ce projet est un inventaire mondial des mesures de soutien aux migrants mises en oeuvre dans les pays d'origine afin de faciliter la mobilité de la main-d'oeuvre et de renforcer l'effet de la migration sur le développement. En outre, cinq études approfondies ont été menées dans les pays qui ont conclu des partenariats de mobilité avec l'Union européenne (UE): l'Arménie, la Géorgie, la République de Moldavie (ci-après «Moldavie»), le Maroc et la Tunisie. Aux fins de ces rapports, les MISMES sont définies comme des interventions politiques spécifiquesavant, pendant et après la migrationayant pour but d'améliorer l'intégration des travailleurs migrants sur le marché du travail ou d'améliorer l'adéquation de leurs compétences. Ce rapport vise à recenser et à analyser les mesures de soutien aux migrants en Tunisie 1. Il a été rédigé par le Professeur Iván Martín du Centre des politiques migratoires de l'IUE, tandis que le chapitre 3 relatif à l'étude de cas du programme suisse d'aide au retour volontaire et à la réintégration, a été rédigé par le Professeur Mohamed Kriaa et par Mohamed Alaa Demnati. Philippe Fargues et Alessandra Venturini de l'IUE, ainsi qu'Ummuhan Bardak et Mariavittoria Garlappi de l'ETF, ont également apporté leur précieuse contribution.
The EU’s Neighbourhood Policy aims to develop stronger relations between the EU and its eastern a... more The EU’s Neighbourhood Policy aims to develop stronger relations between the EU and its eastern and southern neighbours. Ivan Martin writes on the progress made in developing relations between the EU and Morocco. He notes that while the EU has engaged in a number of initiatives and helped to promote economic and institutional reforms in the country, this has not reached the level required to bring about real change of the kind previously achieved in southern or eastern European states.
Little is known in Europe on the nature and trajectories of migration flows from and within East ... more Little is known in Europe on the nature and trajectories of migration flows from and within East Africa and the Horn of Africa. With countries simultaneously hosting and assisting internally displaced persons, refugees, returnees, victims of trafficking, as well as labour migrants, this region stands out for the complexity and dynamism of its migration and asylum reality. This brief aims to provide some basic facts about migration and displacement flows in the region, the main challenges they trigger and the EU and regional frameworks established to deal with them. In so doing, it points to the mixed nature of these flows and to the importance of adopting a multitiered approach to respond to such challenges
cuadernos internacionales de información sindical 6 • La dimensión social de la Asociación Eurome... more cuadernos internacionales de información sindical 6 • La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical cuadernos internacionales de información sindical La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical • 7 cuadernos internacionales de información sindical La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical • 9 cuadernos internacionales de información sindical La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical • 11 Fuente: Adaptado a partir de Jerch y Lorca (2001) GRÁFICO 1. ESQUEMA IDEAL DE LA ASOCIACIÓN EUROMEDITERRÁNEA cuadernos internacionales de información sindical La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical • 13 cuadernos internacionales de información sindical La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical • 51
Extensivetrade liberalization-mainly through the dismantlingofa ll tariffso n Europeanm anufactur... more Extensivetrade liberalization-mainly through the dismantlingofa ll tariffso n Europeanm anufactured products-will be the most directandc oncretee ffecto fthe Euro-MediterraneanPartnershipfor MediterraneanPartnerCountries(MPCs). This essayfirst undertakesananalyticalr eviewo fthe socialimpacto fthe creation ofthe Euro-MediterraneanFree Trade Areas(EMFTAs),takinginto account theireffects on employment,i ncome(wagesandotherwise),priceso fc onsumergoods,statesocial expenditurea ndothereconomic variables. Theref ollows ab rief casestudyo fthe magnitude ofthe EMFTAs' socialimpacto nMorocco. Finally,the studys eekst o identifyw hich nationalp oliciesandwhich accompanyingmeasuresw ithint he frameworkofthe Euro-MediterraneanPartnershipcouldb eused to 'mitigatethe negativesocialconsequencesw hich mayr esult' from the EMFTAsandh ence strengthentheirs ocialandpoliticals ustainability.
"Opening up new legal migration channels" to respond to economic needs for labour is one of the f... more "Opening up new legal migration channels" to respond to economic needs for labour is one of the four priorities of the European Commission for its upcoming European Agenda on Migration. The EU approach to legal labour migration has, to date, been very fragmented and limited. It has focused, indeed, on specific categories of potential legal migrants: highly-qualified, intra-corporate transferees, seasonal workers or students and non-remunerated trainees and researchers. The approach is clearly not up to the challenges posed by the EU labour market prospects and does not integrate, in a comprehensive way, all third-country nationals accessing European labour markets, including family reunification beneficiaries, asylum-seekers and foreign students. The main challenges related to the development of a EU labour migration vision are the following. How to articulate intra-EU mobility and international migration to the EU labour market? How to make EU-and Member States legal migration systems and competences compatible? How to ensure that employers can tap workers from a sufficient pool of suitably qualified individuals (and that qualifications obtained abroad are recognized)? And how to reduce international labour matching costs? This policy brief aims to provide some ideas to address those challenges over a medium-to long-term perspective, starting from the EU's labour market needs and dynamics.
The paradox between the need for international labour migration to counter the impending demograp... more The paradox between the need for international labour migration to counter the impending demographic crisis in Europe and the lack of commensurate policy instruments to attract and integrate labour migration from third countries into the EU is one of the key strategic issues for Europe. Upon request by the LIBE committee, this research paper reviews the social and economic context of EU international labour migration policy, the status of relevant EU legislation and the available policy options from a comprehensive labour market perspective, as well as their feasibility. These options for opening up legal labour migration channels to the EU should be considered in the framework of the ongoing discussion over the European Agenda on Migration.
EU external cooperation in migration and asylum has increased considerably in terms of instrument... more EU external cooperation in migration and asylum has increased considerably in terms of instruments of cooperation with third partner countries and of funds committed. With the current refugee crisis, it is poised to increase even further. This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, reflects on the imbalances of EU external action as well as on the lack of evidence on the impact and efficiency of EU funding regarding the objectives of the migration policy, which are sometimes conflicting with the development goals. The study brings forward recommendations for rationalization and coordination of action, more balance between the different components of the GAMM, more transparency for a better evaluation and scrutiny, and a reinforced partnership approach with third countries.
One of the four priorities of the European Commission in its preparation for the European Agenda ... more One of the four priorities of the European Commission in its preparation for the European Agenda on Migration was to open up “new legal migration channels, including the revision of the ‘Blue Card’ Directive”. This comes after only three years of full implementation of this EU immigration policy instrument (and not even that for some Member States). Meanwhile, in its 2014 Communication on the implementation of the Blue Card Directive, the European Commission had decided not to propose any amendment. However, it should not be forgotten that the Blue Card Directive was not designed primarily for the labour market needs of the EU. Rather, it was run to enhance European competitiveness by attracting highlyqualified third-country nationals, and this under quite restrictive conditions of salary and qualifications. As a result there have been only low numbers of beneficiaries to date: 19,000 in 2012 and 2013 for the whole EU. To develop the Blue Card Directive into a true highly-skilled la...
La economia de Marruecos reviste un gran interes desde el punto de vista de la economia politica ... more La economia de Marruecos reviste un gran interes desde el punto de vista de la economia politica internacional por varias razones. Se trata de uno de los paises que, de forma mas sistematica, ha aplicado las politicas ortodoxas de liberalizacion y ajuste durante los ultimos veinte anos, pero sus indicadores sociales estan muy por debajo de su nivel de renta. Pese a ser el pais arabe que mas decididamente ha apostado por una estrategia de modernizacion, reforma y apertura, el fracaso de sus politicas de desarrollo ha alentado el riesgo de un giro islamista. Sin embargo, la investigacion sobre su economia es escasa, y se refugia sobre todo en la literatura gris de los informes y analisis de organismos internacionales e instituciones publicas.
INTERACT-Researching Third Country Nationals' Integration as a Three-way Process-Immigrants, Coun... more INTERACT-Researching Third Country Nationals' Integration as a Three-way Process-Immigrants, Countries of Emigration and Countries of Immigration as Actors of Integration Around 25 million persons born in a third country (TCNs) are currently living in the European Union (EU), representing 5% of its total population. Integrating immigrants, i.e. allowing them to participate in the host society at the same level as natives, is an active, not a passive, process that involves two parties, the host society and the immigrants, working together to build a cohesive society. Policy-making on integration is commonly regarded as primarily a matter of concern for the receiving state, with general disregard for the role of the sending state. However, migrants belong to two places: first, where they come and second, where they now live. While integration takes place in the latter, migrants maintain a variety of links with the former. New means of communication facilitating contact between migrants and their homes, globalisation bringing greater cultural diversity to host countries, and nation-building in source countries seeing expatriate nationals as a strategic resource have all transformed the way migrants interact with their home country. INTERACT project looks at the ways governments and non-governmental institutions in origin countries, including the media, make transnational bonds a reality, and have developed tools that operate economically (to boost financial transfers and investments); culturally (to maintain or revive cultural heritage); politically (to expand the constituency); legally (to support their rights).
The Algerian civil conflict has been explained in terms of cultural, religious and political proc... more The Algerian civil conflict has been explained in terms of cultural, religious and political processes, if not considered either as a test case for the 'clash of civilizations' or as an evidence of the purported fundamentalist drift of islam at odds with modern society. However, an analysis of the socioeconomic development model implemented by the post- colonial Governments from 1962
Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour L'Harmattan. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour ... more Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour L'Harmattan. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour L'Harmattan. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse https://www.cairn.info/revue-confluences-mediterranee-2010-3-page-169.htm Découvrir le sommaire de ce numéro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Flashez ce QR Code pour accéder à la page de ce numéro sur Cairn.info.
Inward FDI in developing Mediterranean countries is supposedly expected to soar as a result of th... more Inward FDI in developing Mediterranean countries is supposedly expected to soar as a result of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EURO-MED) between the European Union and twelve Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries that emerged from the 1995 Barcelona Conference. This is especially true in the case of the Maghreb countries, which have strong economic links to Europe. This investment boom, however, is far from certain, and the early evidence available so far does not support it. Indeed, the Barcelona framework contains no specific provision for investment. Nor is it clear how the Euro-Mediterranean Free-Trade Area (EMFTA) might affect incentives or reduce perceived risks in the region, since such risks are mainly political and structural in nature. In fact, the liberalization of Southern Mediterranean imports inherent in EMFTA will cause European investors to lose some of the incentives they already had to invest in the region (in order to side-step the high tariffs levied in some industries), especially since manufactured exports from these countries have long enjoyed free access to European markets. This could give raise to a "foreign investment diversion" effect. Besides that, any effective increase in FDI would most likely concentrate in certain areas within specific countries in each South Mediterranean sub-region (so-called investment hubs), and might, therefore, be detrimental to others as a result of agglomeration economies. This paper reviews the available evidence and literature on the determinants of FDI in the three central Maghreb countries: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. It then explores the possible future development of inward FDI in these countries within the framework of EURO-MED. Finally, the paper identifies possible future scenarios in which inward FDI in this sub-region might be positively affected, both through national economic policies and through the implementation of the Association Agreements with the European Union. As a conclusion, it argues that only the creation of a horizontal free-trade area between the three Maghreb countries-as opposed to the creation of parallel bilateral
Subscriptions and advertising inquiries should be sent to Mediterranean Politics at the address g... more Subscriptions and advertising inquiries should be sent to Mediterranean Politics at the address given below. Published in Spring, Summer and Autumn
Le présent rapport est la dernière contribution de la Fondation européenne pour la formation (ETF... more Le présent rapport est la dernière contribution de la Fondation européenne pour la formation (ETF) à un dialogue politique éclairé sur la migration dans le cadre de l'emploi et des compétences. Il s'inscrit dans une série de rapports qui présentent les principales conclusions du projet «Mesures de soutien aux migrants en matière d'emploi et de compétences» (MISMES). Le projet a été coordonné par le Centre des politiques migratoires de l'Institut universitaire européen (IUE) sous la supervision de l'ETF. Le résultat de ce projet est un inventaire mondial des mesures de soutien aux migrants mises en oeuvre dans les pays d'origine afin de faciliter la mobilité de la main-d'oeuvre et de renforcer l'effet de la migration sur le développement. En outre, cinq études approfondies ont été menées dans les pays qui ont conclu des partenariats de mobilité avec l'Union européenne (UE): l'Arménie, la Géorgie, la République de Moldavie (ci-après «Moldavie»), le Maroc et la Tunisie. Aux fins de ces rapports, les MISMES sont définies comme des interventions politiques spécifiquesavant, pendant et après la migrationayant pour but d'améliorer l'intégration des travailleurs migrants sur le marché du travail ou d'améliorer l'adéquation de leurs compétences. Ce rapport vise à recenser et à analyser les mesures de soutien aux migrants en Tunisie 1. Il a été rédigé par le Professeur Iván Martín du Centre des politiques migratoires de l'IUE, tandis que le chapitre 3 relatif à l'étude de cas du programme suisse d'aide au retour volontaire et à la réintégration, a été rédigé par le Professeur Mohamed Kriaa et par Mohamed Alaa Demnati. Philippe Fargues et Alessandra Venturini de l'IUE, ainsi qu'Ummuhan Bardak et Mariavittoria Garlappi de l'ETF, ont également apporté leur précieuse contribution.
The EU’s Neighbourhood Policy aims to develop stronger relations between the EU and its eastern a... more The EU’s Neighbourhood Policy aims to develop stronger relations between the EU and its eastern and southern neighbours. Ivan Martin writes on the progress made in developing relations between the EU and Morocco. He notes that while the EU has engaged in a number of initiatives and helped to promote economic and institutional reforms in the country, this has not reached the level required to bring about real change of the kind previously achieved in southern or eastern European states.
Little is known in Europe on the nature and trajectories of migration flows from and within East ... more Little is known in Europe on the nature and trajectories of migration flows from and within East Africa and the Horn of Africa. With countries simultaneously hosting and assisting internally displaced persons, refugees, returnees, victims of trafficking, as well as labour migrants, this region stands out for the complexity and dynamism of its migration and asylum reality. This brief aims to provide some basic facts about migration and displacement flows in the region, the main challenges they trigger and the EU and regional frameworks established to deal with them. In so doing, it points to the mixed nature of these flows and to the importance of adopting a multitiered approach to respond to such challenges
cuadernos internacionales de información sindical 6 • La dimensión social de la Asociación Eurome... more cuadernos internacionales de información sindical 6 • La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical cuadernos internacionales de información sindical La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical • 7 cuadernos internacionales de información sindical La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical • 9 cuadernos internacionales de información sindical La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical • 11 Fuente: Adaptado a partir de Jerch y Lorca (2001) GRÁFICO 1. ESQUEMA IDEAL DE LA ASOCIACIÓN EUROMEDITERRÁNEA cuadernos internacionales de información sindical La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical • 13 cuadernos internacionales de información sindical La dimensión social de la Asociación Euromediterránea. Un enfoque sindical • 51
Extensivetrade liberalization-mainly through the dismantlingofa ll tariffso n Europeanm anufactur... more Extensivetrade liberalization-mainly through the dismantlingofa ll tariffso n Europeanm anufactured products-will be the most directandc oncretee ffecto fthe Euro-MediterraneanPartnershipfor MediterraneanPartnerCountries(MPCs). This essayfirst undertakesananalyticalr eviewo fthe socialimpacto fthe creation ofthe Euro-MediterraneanFree Trade Areas(EMFTAs),takinginto account theireffects on employment,i ncome(wagesandotherwise),priceso fc onsumergoods,statesocial expenditurea ndothereconomic variables. Theref ollows ab rief casestudyo fthe magnitude ofthe EMFTAs' socialimpacto nMorocco. Finally,the studys eekst o identifyw hich nationalp oliciesandwhich accompanyingmeasuresw ithint he frameworkofthe Euro-MediterraneanPartnershipcouldb eused to 'mitigatethe negativesocialconsequencesw hich mayr esult' from the EMFTAsandh ence strengthentheirs ocialandpoliticals ustainability.
"Opening up new legal migration channels" to respond to economic needs for labour is one of the f... more "Opening up new legal migration channels" to respond to economic needs for labour is one of the four priorities of the European Commission for its upcoming European Agenda on Migration. The EU approach to legal labour migration has, to date, been very fragmented and limited. It has focused, indeed, on specific categories of potential legal migrants: highly-qualified, intra-corporate transferees, seasonal workers or students and non-remunerated trainees and researchers. The approach is clearly not up to the challenges posed by the EU labour market prospects and does not integrate, in a comprehensive way, all third-country nationals accessing European labour markets, including family reunification beneficiaries, asylum-seekers and foreign students. The main challenges related to the development of a EU labour migration vision are the following. How to articulate intra-EU mobility and international migration to the EU labour market? How to make EU-and Member States legal migration systems and competences compatible? How to ensure that employers can tap workers from a sufficient pool of suitably qualified individuals (and that qualifications obtained abroad are recognized)? And how to reduce international labour matching costs? This policy brief aims to provide some ideas to address those challenges over a medium-to long-term perspective, starting from the EU's labour market needs and dynamics.
The paradox between the need for international labour migration to counter the impending demograp... more The paradox between the need for international labour migration to counter the impending demographic crisis in Europe and the lack of commensurate policy instruments to attract and integrate labour migration from third countries into the EU is one of the key strategic issues for Europe. Upon request by the LIBE committee, this research paper reviews the social and economic context of EU international labour migration policy, the status of relevant EU legislation and the available policy options from a comprehensive labour market perspective, as well as their feasibility. These options for opening up legal labour migration channels to the EU should be considered in the framework of the ongoing discussion over the European Agenda on Migration.
EU external cooperation in migration and asylum has increased considerably in terms of instrument... more EU external cooperation in migration and asylum has increased considerably in terms of instruments of cooperation with third partner countries and of funds committed. With the current refugee crisis, it is poised to increase even further. This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, reflects on the imbalances of EU external action as well as on the lack of evidence on the impact and efficiency of EU funding regarding the objectives of the migration policy, which are sometimes conflicting with the development goals. The study brings forward recommendations for rationalization and coordination of action, more balance between the different components of the GAMM, more transparency for a better evaluation and scrutiny, and a reinforced partnership approach with third countries.
One of the four priorities of the European Commission in its preparation for the European Agenda ... more One of the four priorities of the European Commission in its preparation for the European Agenda on Migration was to open up “new legal migration channels, including the revision of the ‘Blue Card’ Directive”. This comes after only three years of full implementation of this EU immigration policy instrument (and not even that for some Member States). Meanwhile, in its 2014 Communication on the implementation of the Blue Card Directive, the European Commission had decided not to propose any amendment. However, it should not be forgotten that the Blue Card Directive was not designed primarily for the labour market needs of the EU. Rather, it was run to enhance European competitiveness by attracting highlyqualified third-country nationals, and this under quite restrictive conditions of salary and qualifications. As a result there have been only low numbers of beneficiaries to date: 19,000 in 2012 and 2013 for the whole EU. To develop the Blue Card Directive into a true highly-skilled la...
La economia de Marruecos reviste un gran interes desde el punto de vista de la economia politica ... more La economia de Marruecos reviste un gran interes desde el punto de vista de la economia politica internacional por varias razones. Se trata de uno de los paises que, de forma mas sistematica, ha aplicado las politicas ortodoxas de liberalizacion y ajuste durante los ultimos veinte anos, pero sus indicadores sociales estan muy por debajo de su nivel de renta. Pese a ser el pais arabe que mas decididamente ha apostado por una estrategia de modernizacion, reforma y apertura, el fracaso de sus politicas de desarrollo ha alentado el riesgo de un giro islamista. Sin embargo, la investigacion sobre su economia es escasa, y se refugia sobre todo en la literatura gris de los informes y analisis de organismos internacionales e instituciones publicas.
INTERACT-Researching Third Country Nationals' Integration as a Three-way Process-Immigrants, Coun... more INTERACT-Researching Third Country Nationals' Integration as a Three-way Process-Immigrants, Countries of Emigration and Countries of Immigration as Actors of Integration Around 25 million persons born in a third country (TCNs) are currently living in the European Union (EU), representing 5% of its total population. Integrating immigrants, i.e. allowing them to participate in the host society at the same level as natives, is an active, not a passive, process that involves two parties, the host society and the immigrants, working together to build a cohesive society. Policy-making on integration is commonly regarded as primarily a matter of concern for the receiving state, with general disregard for the role of the sending state. However, migrants belong to two places: first, where they come and second, where they now live. While integration takes place in the latter, migrants maintain a variety of links with the former. New means of communication facilitating contact between migrants and their homes, globalisation bringing greater cultural diversity to host countries, and nation-building in source countries seeing expatriate nationals as a strategic resource have all transformed the way migrants interact with their home country. INTERACT project looks at the ways governments and non-governmental institutions in origin countries, including the media, make transnational bonds a reality, and have developed tools that operate economically (to boost financial transfers and investments); culturally (to maintain or revive cultural heritage); politically (to expand the constituency); legally (to support their rights).
The Algerian civil conflict has been explained in terms of cultural, religious and political proc... more The Algerian civil conflict has been explained in terms of cultural, religious and political processes, if not considered either as a test case for the 'clash of civilizations' or as an evidence of the purported fundamentalist drift of islam at odds with modern society. However, an analysis of the socioeconomic development model implemented by the post- colonial Governments from 1962
Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour L'Harmattan. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour ... more Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour L'Harmattan. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour L'Harmattan. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse https://www.cairn.info/revue-confluences-mediterranee-2010-3-page-169.htm Découvrir le sommaire de ce numéro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Flashez ce QR Code pour accéder à la page de ce numéro sur Cairn.info.
Inward FDI in developing Mediterranean countries is supposedly expected to soar as a result of th... more Inward FDI in developing Mediterranean countries is supposedly expected to soar as a result of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EURO-MED) between the European Union and twelve Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries that emerged from the 1995 Barcelona Conference. This is especially true in the case of the Maghreb countries, which have strong economic links to Europe. This investment boom, however, is far from certain, and the early evidence available so far does not support it. Indeed, the Barcelona framework contains no specific provision for investment. Nor is it clear how the Euro-Mediterranean Free-Trade Area (EMFTA) might affect incentives or reduce perceived risks in the region, since such risks are mainly political and structural in nature. In fact, the liberalization of Southern Mediterranean imports inherent in EMFTA will cause European investors to lose some of the incentives they already had to invest in the region (in order to side-step the high tariffs levied in some industries), especially since manufactured exports from these countries have long enjoyed free access to European markets. This could give raise to a "foreign investment diversion" effect. Besides that, any effective increase in FDI would most likely concentrate in certain areas within specific countries in each South Mediterranean sub-region (so-called investment hubs), and might, therefore, be detrimental to others as a result of agglomeration economies. This paper reviews the available evidence and literature on the determinants of FDI in the three central Maghreb countries: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. It then explores the possible future development of inward FDI in these countries within the framework of EURO-MED. Finally, the paper identifies possible future scenarios in which inward FDI in this sub-region might be positively affected, both through national economic policies and through the implementation of the Association Agreements with the European Union. As a conclusion, it argues that only the creation of a horizontal free-trade area between the three Maghreb countries-as opposed to the creation of parallel bilateral
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