... célèbre pour la séduction qu'elle exerce sur les visiteurs depuis son entrée au Louvre e... more ... célèbre pour la séduction qu'elle exerce sur les visiteurs depuis son entrée au Louvre en 1923, la tête en verre bleu fut souvent considérée comme un portrait de Toutânkhamon. Toutefois, depuis quelques décennies, des soupçons pesaient sur son authenticité. Grâce à des ...
... Moreover, the risk of disruption at the gold/copper interface caused by lead migration tothe ... more ... Moreover, the risk of disruption at the gold/copper interface caused by lead migration tothe surface during heating could be avoided. ... Spain was a provider of copper ore from Roman times until the 15th century (Gregory 1980, Hildburgh 1936). 5.2. ...
T h i s a r t i c l e a p p e a r e d i n " A r c h e o s c i e n c e s " j o u r n a l p u b l i... more T h i s a r t i c l e a p p e a r e d i n " A r c h e o s c i e n c e s " j o u r n a l p u b l i s h e d b y P r e s s e s u n i v e r s i t a i r e s d e R e n n e s. T h e a t t a c h e d c o p y i s f u r n i s h e d t o t h e a u t h o r f o r i n t e r n a l n o n-c o m m e r c i a l r e s e a r c h a n d e d u c a t i o n u s e , i n c l u d i n g f o r i n s t r u c t i o n a t t h e a u t h o r s i n s t i t u t i o n a n d s h a r i n g w i t h c o l l e a g u e s. O t h e r u s e s , i n c l u d i n g r e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s t r i b u t i o n , s e l l i n g o r l i c e n s i n g c o p i e s , o r p o s t i n g t o p e r s o n a l , i n s t i t u t i o n a l o r t h i r d p a r t y w e b s i t e s a r e p r o h i b i t e d. A u t h o r s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o p o s t t h e i r v e r s i o n o f t h e a r t i c l e (e. g. i n Wo r d o r Te x f o r m) t o t h e i r p e r s o n a l w e b s i t e o r i n s t i t u t i o n a l r e p o s i t o r y.
Fifty-eight gold leaf tesserae from eight archaeological sites situated in the Byzantine Empire a... more Fifty-eight gold leaf tesserae from eight archaeological sites situated in the Byzantine Empire and two Early Islamic (one in medieval Palestine), covering the period that goes from the 4th c. to the 12th c., were analysed by EPMA, SEM-EDS and PIXE-PIGE to determine the composition of both the glass and the gold leaves. The good match until the 6th c. between circulating monetary alloys and the gold leaf compositions together with the type of glass used, provided criteria that can be used to date the tesserae fabrication. The data obtained allow newly produced tesserae to be distinguished from re-used ones. Because after the 7th c. the circulation of gold in the Byzantine Empire was less controlled, the same relationship is harder to establish. The results suggest the existence of workshops in the Eastern and Western part of the Mediterranean and a more advanced technology to manufacture a palette of glass colours for gold leaf tesserae in the Eastern region.
ABSTRACT This paper is about the early medieval window glass from the monastery of Stavelot. The ... more ABSTRACT This paper is about the early medieval window glass from the monastery of Stavelot. The number of fragments, the surface and the quality of conservation are quite exceptional and Stavelot appears as a very important site for the study of ancient glass, especially glass from the early Middle Ages that is still little known. Beside their interest for the history of the site and its comprehension, these glass artifacts give us the possibility to reach the history of stained-glass window and glass fabrication techniques. The archaeological study allows us to quantify and characterize the artifacts (shapes, color, shaping techniques). The analyses in PIXE-PIGE provide the glass composition. Further the coexistence of soda and potash glass in the same archaeological contexts, it points out compositional groups revealing various recipes. Thanks to it, we can also reach coloration recipes. Finally, the question of glass production on the site is debated.
The surface of objects of cultural heritage is of great importance. It can be the result of a del... more The surface of objects of cultural heritage is of great importance. It can be the result of a deliberate physico-chemical transformations or the consequence of the alteration of the materials in the natural environment or that of the museums. The understanding of the underlying physico-chemical phenomena has many implications for archaeology, history of art and conservation science. It allows to infer the technological achievements and to define dating or provenance criteria. Moreover, it enables us to understand the evolution of the material with time at a very long time scale which is not always accessible thanks to experiments. Several examples are shown here illustrating the study of the superficial transformation of the objects of cultural heritage and the information deduced from these studies. The surfaces of ancient bronzes (1), glasses, lustre ceramics (2), enamels (3) and also biomaterials (4) were investigated using a complementary analytical approach combining elemental ...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1988
glasses under in situ electron irradiation has been investigated through a careful measurement of... more glasses under in situ electron irradiation has been investigated through a careful measurement of the local temperature rise of the sample under the beam. It is shown that both inside and outside the miscibility gap droplet of pure lead feature Brownian motion and coagulate at a rate depending on the electron flux and the temperature. The evolution of the density of particle has been measured, and by using the coagulation theory of Smoluchowsky, the viscosity of the practically pure B,O, matrix has been obtained. The viscosity is drastically reduced by up to 10 orders of magnitude by irradiation. It is shown and discussed that this effect comes from electronic excitation but is much more important when atomic displacements are present.
Venetian enamelled glass is one of the most significant subjects of the art and technology of Ren... more Venetian enamelled glass is one of the most significant subjects of the art and technology of Renaissance glassmaking. These items were made in Venice from the second half of the 15th through the 17th centuries and were imitated in other European glassmaking centers during this period and again in Murano during the 19th century. Only a limited number of analyses of these masterpieces have been published up to now.
... célèbre pour la séduction qu'elle exerce sur les visiteurs depuis son entrée au Louvre e... more ... célèbre pour la séduction qu'elle exerce sur les visiteurs depuis son entrée au Louvre en 1923, la tête en verre bleu fut souvent considérée comme un portrait de Toutânkhamon. Toutefois, depuis quelques décennies, des soupçons pesaient sur son authenticité. Grâce à des ...
... Moreover, the risk of disruption at the gold/copper interface caused by lead migration tothe ... more ... Moreover, the risk of disruption at the gold/copper interface caused by lead migration tothe surface during heating could be avoided. ... Spain was a provider of copper ore from Roman times until the 15th century (Gregory 1980, Hildburgh 1936). 5.2. ...
T h i s a r t i c l e a p p e a r e d i n " A r c h e o s c i e n c e s " j o u r n a l p u b l i... more T h i s a r t i c l e a p p e a r e d i n " A r c h e o s c i e n c e s " j o u r n a l p u b l i s h e d b y P r e s s e s u n i v e r s i t a i r e s d e R e n n e s. T h e a t t a c h e d c o p y i s f u r n i s h e d t o t h e a u t h o r f o r i n t e r n a l n o n-c o m m e r c i a l r e s e a r c h a n d e d u c a t i o n u s e , i n c l u d i n g f o r i n s t r u c t i o n a t t h e a u t h o r s i n s t i t u t i o n a n d s h a r i n g w i t h c o l l e a g u e s. O t h e r u s e s , i n c l u d i n g r e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s t r i b u t i o n , s e l l i n g o r l i c e n s i n g c o p i e s , o r p o s t i n g t o p e r s o n a l , i n s t i t u t i o n a l o r t h i r d p a r t y w e b s i t e s a r e p r o h i b i t e d. A u t h o r s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o p o s t t h e i r v e r s i o n o f t h e a r t i c l e (e. g. i n Wo r d o r Te x f o r m) t o t h e i r p e r s o n a l w e b s i t e o r i n s t i t u t i o n a l r e p o s i t o r y.
Fifty-eight gold leaf tesserae from eight archaeological sites situated in the Byzantine Empire a... more Fifty-eight gold leaf tesserae from eight archaeological sites situated in the Byzantine Empire and two Early Islamic (one in medieval Palestine), covering the period that goes from the 4th c. to the 12th c., were analysed by EPMA, SEM-EDS and PIXE-PIGE to determine the composition of both the glass and the gold leaves. The good match until the 6th c. between circulating monetary alloys and the gold leaf compositions together with the type of glass used, provided criteria that can be used to date the tesserae fabrication. The data obtained allow newly produced tesserae to be distinguished from re-used ones. Because after the 7th c. the circulation of gold in the Byzantine Empire was less controlled, the same relationship is harder to establish. The results suggest the existence of workshops in the Eastern and Western part of the Mediterranean and a more advanced technology to manufacture a palette of glass colours for gold leaf tesserae in the Eastern region.
ABSTRACT This paper is about the early medieval window glass from the monastery of Stavelot. The ... more ABSTRACT This paper is about the early medieval window glass from the monastery of Stavelot. The number of fragments, the surface and the quality of conservation are quite exceptional and Stavelot appears as a very important site for the study of ancient glass, especially glass from the early Middle Ages that is still little known. Beside their interest for the history of the site and its comprehension, these glass artifacts give us the possibility to reach the history of stained-glass window and glass fabrication techniques. The archaeological study allows us to quantify and characterize the artifacts (shapes, color, shaping techniques). The analyses in PIXE-PIGE provide the glass composition. Further the coexistence of soda and potash glass in the same archaeological contexts, it points out compositional groups revealing various recipes. Thanks to it, we can also reach coloration recipes. Finally, the question of glass production on the site is debated.
The surface of objects of cultural heritage is of great importance. It can be the result of a del... more The surface of objects of cultural heritage is of great importance. It can be the result of a deliberate physico-chemical transformations or the consequence of the alteration of the materials in the natural environment or that of the museums. The understanding of the underlying physico-chemical phenomena has many implications for archaeology, history of art and conservation science. It allows to infer the technological achievements and to define dating or provenance criteria. Moreover, it enables us to understand the evolution of the material with time at a very long time scale which is not always accessible thanks to experiments. Several examples are shown here illustrating the study of the superficial transformation of the objects of cultural heritage and the information deduced from these studies. The surfaces of ancient bronzes (1), glasses, lustre ceramics (2), enamels (3) and also biomaterials (4) were investigated using a complementary analytical approach combining elemental ...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1988
glasses under in situ electron irradiation has been investigated through a careful measurement of... more glasses under in situ electron irradiation has been investigated through a careful measurement of the local temperature rise of the sample under the beam. It is shown that both inside and outside the miscibility gap droplet of pure lead feature Brownian motion and coagulate at a rate depending on the electron flux and the temperature. The evolution of the density of particle has been measured, and by using the coagulation theory of Smoluchowsky, the viscosity of the practically pure B,O, matrix has been obtained. The viscosity is drastically reduced by up to 10 orders of magnitude by irradiation. It is shown and discussed that this effect comes from electronic excitation but is much more important when atomic displacements are present.
Venetian enamelled glass is one of the most significant subjects of the art and technology of Ren... more Venetian enamelled glass is one of the most significant subjects of the art and technology of Renaissance glassmaking. These items were made in Venice from the second half of the 15th through the 17th centuries and were imitated in other European glassmaking centers during this period and again in Murano during the 19th century. Only a limited number of analyses of these masterpieces have been published up to now.
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Papers by Isabelle Biron