Drafts by Imran Rashid Dar
National Education Policy 2020 was introduced in 2020 to replace the then-existing policy of 1986... more National Education Policy 2020 was introduced in 2020 to replace the then-existing policy of 1986 to cope with the emerging challenges and do away with the limitations of the earlier policies. The National Education Policy highlights the growing importance of skill development and humanities in the age of Artificial Intelligence. In recent decades, there have been rising legal issues within the education system ranging from ragging, bullying, discrimination, delinquency and sexual violence among and against the students. There exists a critical need for legal education and awareness and sensitisation of students and teachers about the issues. There is a need to introduce various legal education initiatives about these legal problems among students through curriculum and among teachers, caretakers, and heads of institutions through mandatory training provisions. Legal education equips individuals with knowledge of their rights and responsibilities, encourages civic engagement, and promotes social justice, which is essential for preventing legal issues and ensuring the effective application of laws. Incorporating legal education into school curricula and teacher training fosters a safe and inclusive educational environment while emphasising education’s role in mitigating criminal behaviour by enhancing employment opportunities and decision-making skills, thereby suggesting that educational reforms should be a key focus in crime prevention strategies. The knowledge of laws makes a person more adapted to prevent victimisation and become a better citizen for his own sake and the sake of other citizens.
Gender difference is clearly visible in pattern of crime all over the world. The phenomenon of cr... more Gender difference is clearly visible in pattern of crime all over the world. The phenomenon of crime is dominated by males. The gap increases more going up the age, degree of escalation and urbanization. The crimes are usually committed by young urban males. The female criminals are very less in number and this number further declines as the age is increased. There are even less chances of female recidivists.
Due to this the criminological research has been dedicated towards the study of male offenders only and the female criminality was discussed only after the beginning of 19th century.
Many theories have been suggested to explain female deviance. The biological school associates criminality with the physiology of the offender, the psychological school with sexual drives and other emotions, the sociological school with social environment, upbringing and sex role of the offender and others with a combination of the factors. There is yet another group which associates it with the feminist liberation and in turn feminist base it in oppression, marginalisation and victimization of women.
There is a strong need to integrate these varying theoretical perspectives to devise a holistic approach towards understanding the true nature and extant of female deviancy. The integrative approach is a recent trend in criminological research to study the phenomenon by combining multiple variables like societal control and pressures, mental and physical health, occupation, opportunities, economic status, etc.
The statistical data shows a clear gender gap in deviance and males are also dominating those offenses which are associated with females. The gap increases when the age bar is increased. The women commit less acts of violence and almost negligible sexual offences.
These Statistics are not beyond criticism as there is huge difference in actual victimization, reporting and convictions. The methodology of research is also subjective and different from one another.
After the end of 19th century there has been huge increase in female offenders and many women have dominated some crimes which are thought to be masculine crimes like terrorism, serial killings, human and drug trafficking, mafia, gang wars, etc. It has been associated with greater opportunity, women's liberation movement, etc.
In India, as anywhere else, there has been increasing instances of female offenders making their name in the criminal arena. Women have dominated many crime syndicates including terrorism, dacoity, money laundering, mafia, human and drug trafficking, etc.
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Drafts by Imran Rashid Dar
Due to this the criminological research has been dedicated towards the study of male offenders only and the female criminality was discussed only after the beginning of 19th century.
Many theories have been suggested to explain female deviance. The biological school associates criminality with the physiology of the offender, the psychological school with sexual drives and other emotions, the sociological school with social environment, upbringing and sex role of the offender and others with a combination of the factors. There is yet another group which associates it with the feminist liberation and in turn feminist base it in oppression, marginalisation and victimization of women.
There is a strong need to integrate these varying theoretical perspectives to devise a holistic approach towards understanding the true nature and extant of female deviancy. The integrative approach is a recent trend in criminological research to study the phenomenon by combining multiple variables like societal control and pressures, mental and physical health, occupation, opportunities, economic status, etc.
The statistical data shows a clear gender gap in deviance and males are also dominating those offenses which are associated with females. The gap increases when the age bar is increased. The women commit less acts of violence and almost negligible sexual offences.
These Statistics are not beyond criticism as there is huge difference in actual victimization, reporting and convictions. The methodology of research is also subjective and different from one another.
After the end of 19th century there has been huge increase in female offenders and many women have dominated some crimes which are thought to be masculine crimes like terrorism, serial killings, human and drug trafficking, mafia, gang wars, etc. It has been associated with greater opportunity, women's liberation movement, etc.
In India, as anywhere else, there has been increasing instances of female offenders making their name in the criminal arena. Women have dominated many crime syndicates including terrorism, dacoity, money laundering, mafia, human and drug trafficking, etc.
Due to this the criminological research has been dedicated towards the study of male offenders only and the female criminality was discussed only after the beginning of 19th century.
Many theories have been suggested to explain female deviance. The biological school associates criminality with the physiology of the offender, the psychological school with sexual drives and other emotions, the sociological school with social environment, upbringing and sex role of the offender and others with a combination of the factors. There is yet another group which associates it with the feminist liberation and in turn feminist base it in oppression, marginalisation and victimization of women.
There is a strong need to integrate these varying theoretical perspectives to devise a holistic approach towards understanding the true nature and extant of female deviancy. The integrative approach is a recent trend in criminological research to study the phenomenon by combining multiple variables like societal control and pressures, mental and physical health, occupation, opportunities, economic status, etc.
The statistical data shows a clear gender gap in deviance and males are also dominating those offenses which are associated with females. The gap increases when the age bar is increased. The women commit less acts of violence and almost negligible sexual offences.
These Statistics are not beyond criticism as there is huge difference in actual victimization, reporting and convictions. The methodology of research is also subjective and different from one another.
After the end of 19th century there has been huge increase in female offenders and many women have dominated some crimes which are thought to be masculine crimes like terrorism, serial killings, human and drug trafficking, mafia, gang wars, etc. It has been associated with greater opportunity, women's liberation movement, etc.
In India, as anywhere else, there has been increasing instances of female offenders making their name in the criminal arena. Women have dominated many crime syndicates including terrorism, dacoity, money laundering, mafia, human and drug trafficking, etc.