Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin (BTC) have seen a surge in value in the recent past and appeared... more Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin (BTC) have seen a surge in value in the recent past and appeared as a useful investment opportunity for traders. However, their short term profitability using algorithmic trading strategies remains unanswered. In this work, we focus on the short term profitability of BTC against the euro and the yen for an eight-year period using seven trading algorithms over trading periods of length 15 and 30 days. We use the classical buy and hold (BH) as a benchmark strategy. Rather surprisingly, we found that on average, the yen is more profitable than BTC and the euro; however the answer also depends on the choice of algorithm. Reservation price algorithms result in 7.5% and 10% of average returns over 15 and 30 days respectively which is the highest for all the algorithms for the three assets. For BTC, all algorithms outperform the BH strategy. We also analyze the effect of transaction fee on the profitability of algorithms for BTC and observe that for trading...
The leaders play a vital role in the decision scenarios in any organization. A qualitative study ... more The leaders play a vital role in the decision scenarios in any organization. A qualitative study was conducted using "Beer distribution game" simulation to create an environment of novel and uncertain conditions. Additionally, the study followed the group interviewing technique to explore the underlying patterns in the creative decision-making phenomenon taken by the leaders in complex situations. The findings of the study revealed three categories of factors that contribute to the creative decision making of the leaders. These categories consist of factors related to individuals personal characteristics, team-level factors, and process related factors. The study revealed during the group discussion that creative decision making occurs through a unique interplay of people, process and technology in the Pakistani context. Keywords: Creative decision making, beer game, simulation, group interview technique
Mobile Adhoc networks (MANETs) is compendium of self-governing terminals, which basically interco... more Mobile Adhoc networks (MANETs) is compendium of self-governing terminals, which basically interconnect and exchange information with each other and by establishing a multi-hop network for to maintain connectivity in a decentralized approach. In this research group key management approach is used, which further uses a symmetric group key for to communicate inside the cluster. Clusterhead is responsible for the generation of group key and is responsible for the communication of other nodes throughout a secure path which uses public key cryptography scheme. Encryption of messages is used for group keys to communicate inside the cluster and within the group for secure communication. In this research the results are shown through how to secure communication in MANETs through group key and clustering scheme minimizes the packet damages as compared to centralized approach. And also examine the system for proper authentication of public and private keys and evaluates the functioning of proposed methodology.
This study was carried out to examine the prevalence of ectoparasites infesting the buffaloes in ... more This study was carried out to examine the prevalence of ectoparasites infesting the buffaloes in South Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 200 buffaloes of both sex and age groups at private farms were examined in and around Jampur, district Rajanpur, Punjab, Pakistan. The collected ticks were preserved in 5% formalin solutions and slides were prepared through different alcohol grads. The mounted slides were identified. Out of 200 buffaloes only 89 were infested with Hyalomma spp. The overall prevalence of Hyalomma spp. was 44.5%. The Hyalomma spp. were more prevalent in males (55.17%) as compared to females (42.69%). The prevalence of Hyalomma spp. was the highest (48.78%) in age group of (1-5) years and the lowest (23.52%) in age group of (16-20) years.
Real world complex networks are indirect representation of complex systems. They grow over time. ... more Real world complex networks are indirect representation of complex systems. They grow over time. These networks are fragmented and raucous in practice. The important concern about complex network is link prediction. The crux of link prediction is to determine the possibility of probable edges. The link prediction demand is very often spotted in recommendation systems, such as recommending new friends on social networks, or recommending shopping cart based on earlier online product associated searches and purchases. In this research we study link prediction approaches. We compare different link prediction setup in term of their prediction performance using various performance metrics, such as True Positive, False positive, and Area Under Curve (AUC). Our results on real world complex network data shows that most of openly identified attributes are very easy to quantify and surprisingly effective in link prediction problem. Common Neighbor and Distance outperforms other algorithm with...
Literacy is conventionally defined as the ability to read and write simple statements. Illiteracy... more Literacy is conventionally defined as the ability to read and write simple statements. Illiteracy and poor education are major problems in developing countries. In this digital era, computers can play a vital role in improving literacy. However, computer illiteracy is also high in developing countries and their citizens cannot understand the complex digital User Interfaces. Research shows that User Interface (UI) design should be different for illiterate, semi-illiterate and literate users. Furthermore, the design should also consider the cultural context like language, culturally relevant images, etc. The researchers of Human Computer Interaction for Development (HCI4D) face challenges to improve literacy to design effective and usable interfaces. HCI4D researchers have designed such interfaces for illiterate users over the years. Their major findings were to use non-textual designs over text-based interfaces. In the non-textual designs, they further considered artifacts like sound...
The study of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET's) remains attractive to achieve better performance... more The study of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET's) remains attractive to achieve better performance and scalability. This study describes a clustering protocol based on 3-Hop Routing in MANETs. The protocol is an extension of cluster based routing protocol and forms 3-Hop clusters based on delay factor. Other than cluster formation delay factor is also considered in route discovery process thus incorporating QoS factor in two mechanisms. The 3-Hop clustering also helps in local repair and route shortening mechanisms as it holds comparatively more information at each node and routes can be easily repaired or shortened using this 3-Hop topology database. This delay factor is also considered in route discovery process where the routes with greater delay are avoided. The
The main purpose of the study is to assess the role of motivation tools on the performance of the... more The main purpose of the study is to assess the role of motivation tools on the performance of the field force in an organization. For this purpose the field force of Helicon Pharmaceutical Company was selected and a sample of 100 employees was taken from the total population of 250 field force. A very simple and comprehensive questionnaire was distributed amongst the field force through which one can easily assess different factors and techniques which can motivate the employees to work better for achieving the organization's goal. The data collected through the questionnaire was put in a latest and authenticated software SPSS. This software helped me a lot in obtaining the results of different statistical techniques such as Regression, Pearson Correlation, Independent Sample t-Test and one way ANOVA. From the results we can easily test the hypothesis of the Research study. The Research study reveals that motivation is a strong tool in an organization and has a direct relationsh...
Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted from January 2007 to June 2011,... more Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted from January 2007 to June 2011, at Cardiovascular department PGMI, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. De Vega's surgical repair of tricuspid valve was done in severe tricuspid regurgitation patients with mitral valve replacement (MVR) or with double valve replacement [DVR=MVR+ AVR (Aortic valve replacement)]. Pre operative and post operative early (with in 1month) and midterm (at 6 month) follow up data was collected and analyzed on the basis of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional status and echocardiographic finding. The outcome of De Vega's repair was assessed.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
International Journal of Communication Systems, 2020
Energy efficiency is a contemporary and challenging issue in geographically distributed data cent... more Energy efficiency is a contemporary and challenging issue in geographically distributed data centers. These data centers consume significantly high energy and cast a negative impact on the energy resources and environment. To minimize the energy cost and the environmental impacts, Internet service providers use different approaches such as geographical load balancing (GLB). GLB refers to the placement of data centers in diverse geolocations to exploit variations in electricity prices with the objective to minimize the total energy cost. GLB helps to minimize the overall energy cost, achieve quality of service, and maximize resource utilization in geo-distributed data centers by employing optimal workload distribution and resource utilization in the real time. In this paper, we summarize various optimization-based workload distribution strategies and optimization techniques proposed in recent research works based on commonly used optimization factors such as workload type, load balancer, availability of renewable energy, energy storage, and data center server specification in geographically distributed data centers. The survey presents a systemized and a novel taxonomy of workload distribution in data centers. Moreover, we also debate various challenges and open research issues along with their possible solutions.
In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy cost minimization for geographically distribu... more In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy cost minimization for geographically distributed data centers with the guaranteed quality of service (i.e., service delay) under time-varying system dynamics. In order to satisfy the user demands, these data centers (DCs) consume a large amount of energy. The increasing energy cost of the DCs is a contemporary problem for the online service providers. To reduce the energy cost of the DCs, recent research studies suggest the workload distribution techniques among geo-distributed data centers by exploiting the dynamic electricity prices and an increased use of the renewable energy. In this paper, we propose a green geographical load balancing (GreenGLB) online algorithm based on the greedy algorithm design technique for the interactive and indivisible workload distribution. An indivisible workload is a sequential task, which cannot be further divided and must be assigned to a single data center. The basic idea of our algorithm is to assign the incoming workload at each time considering the current offered prices of electricity, the renewable energy levels, and respecting the given set of constraints. The experimental results based on the real-world traces illustrate the effectiveness of GreenGLB over the existing workload distribution techniques and attain a significant reduction in the energy cost of the geo-distributed DCs. INDEX TERMS Energy efficiency in cloud computing, geographical load balancing, geographically distributed data centers, green computing, dynamic electricity prices. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Junaid Shuja.
International Review of Management and Business Research, Jun 1, 2013
This study is assumed to investigate how job satisfaction and work morale affect the work perform... more This study is assumed to investigate how job satisfaction and work morale affect the work performance of the Ph.D's. The respondents involved in this study are Ph.D faculty members of different public and private sector universities of Peshawar, Pakistan. The reliability test was conducted for the different research questions. Regression and Correlation analysis was used for data analysis. The study revealed that, there is positive and significant effect of work morale and job satisfaction on quitting intention of Ph.D's. The research is of high practical value, it could serve as a guide to enhance employee's job satisfaction and work morale for to minimize the intention of quitting job. The study further elucidates that how highly qualified faculty members retain with the organization.
The topic of coronary artery intervention techniques is very complex. This chapter’s goal is to d... more The topic of coronary artery intervention techniques is very complex. This chapter’s goal is to discuss basic to complex techniques summarized to help coronary operators at all levels to understand the practical aspects of daily coronary interventions using a noncomplex approach. With the revolution of percutaneous cardiovascular and valvular interventions, more patients with complex coronary lesions are treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) over coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Thus, mastering all approaches, techniques of PCI, being comfortable with performing high risk PCIs, and using hemodynamic support devices have become very important. While the basics of coronary interventions have not changed, equipment innovation has a very rapid pace with almost daily additions to the arsenal of coronary interventions, in particular, stent development. Stent therapy for coronary interventions especially in acute coronary syndrome is a proven concept. This creat...
Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin (BTC) have seen a surge in value in the recent past and appeared... more Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin (BTC) have seen a surge in value in the recent past and appeared as a useful investment opportunity for traders. However, their short term profitability using algorithmic trading strategies remains unanswered. In this work, we focus on the short term profitability of BTC against the euro and the yen for an eight-year period using seven trading algorithms over trading periods of length 15 and 30 days. We use the classical buy and hold (BH) as a benchmark strategy. Rather surprisingly, we found that on average, the yen is more profitable than BTC and the euro; however the answer also depends on the choice of algorithm. Reservation price algorithms result in 7.5% and 10% of average returns over 15 and 30 days respectively which is the highest for all the algorithms for the three assets. For BTC, all algorithms outperform the BH strategy. We also analyze the effect of transaction fee on the profitability of algorithms for BTC and observe that for trading...
The leaders play a vital role in the decision scenarios in any organization. A qualitative study ... more The leaders play a vital role in the decision scenarios in any organization. A qualitative study was conducted using "Beer distribution game" simulation to create an environment of novel and uncertain conditions. Additionally, the study followed the group interviewing technique to explore the underlying patterns in the creative decision-making phenomenon taken by the leaders in complex situations. The findings of the study revealed three categories of factors that contribute to the creative decision making of the leaders. These categories consist of factors related to individuals personal characteristics, team-level factors, and process related factors. The study revealed during the group discussion that creative decision making occurs through a unique interplay of people, process and technology in the Pakistani context. Keywords: Creative decision making, beer game, simulation, group interview technique
Mobile Adhoc networks (MANETs) is compendium of self-governing terminals, which basically interco... more Mobile Adhoc networks (MANETs) is compendium of self-governing terminals, which basically interconnect and exchange information with each other and by establishing a multi-hop network for to maintain connectivity in a decentralized approach. In this research group key management approach is used, which further uses a symmetric group key for to communicate inside the cluster. Clusterhead is responsible for the generation of group key and is responsible for the communication of other nodes throughout a secure path which uses public key cryptography scheme. Encryption of messages is used for group keys to communicate inside the cluster and within the group for secure communication. In this research the results are shown through how to secure communication in MANETs through group key and clustering scheme minimizes the packet damages as compared to centralized approach. And also examine the system for proper authentication of public and private keys and evaluates the functioning of proposed methodology.
This study was carried out to examine the prevalence of ectoparasites infesting the buffaloes in ... more This study was carried out to examine the prevalence of ectoparasites infesting the buffaloes in South Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 200 buffaloes of both sex and age groups at private farms were examined in and around Jampur, district Rajanpur, Punjab, Pakistan. The collected ticks were preserved in 5% formalin solutions and slides were prepared through different alcohol grads. The mounted slides were identified. Out of 200 buffaloes only 89 were infested with Hyalomma spp. The overall prevalence of Hyalomma spp. was 44.5%. The Hyalomma spp. were more prevalent in males (55.17%) as compared to females (42.69%). The prevalence of Hyalomma spp. was the highest (48.78%) in age group of (1-5) years and the lowest (23.52%) in age group of (16-20) years.
Real world complex networks are indirect representation of complex systems. They grow over time. ... more Real world complex networks are indirect representation of complex systems. They grow over time. These networks are fragmented and raucous in practice. The important concern about complex network is link prediction. The crux of link prediction is to determine the possibility of probable edges. The link prediction demand is very often spotted in recommendation systems, such as recommending new friends on social networks, or recommending shopping cart based on earlier online product associated searches and purchases. In this research we study link prediction approaches. We compare different link prediction setup in term of their prediction performance using various performance metrics, such as True Positive, False positive, and Area Under Curve (AUC). Our results on real world complex network data shows that most of openly identified attributes are very easy to quantify and surprisingly effective in link prediction problem. Common Neighbor and Distance outperforms other algorithm with...
Literacy is conventionally defined as the ability to read and write simple statements. Illiteracy... more Literacy is conventionally defined as the ability to read and write simple statements. Illiteracy and poor education are major problems in developing countries. In this digital era, computers can play a vital role in improving literacy. However, computer illiteracy is also high in developing countries and their citizens cannot understand the complex digital User Interfaces. Research shows that User Interface (UI) design should be different for illiterate, semi-illiterate and literate users. Furthermore, the design should also consider the cultural context like language, culturally relevant images, etc. The researchers of Human Computer Interaction for Development (HCI4D) face challenges to improve literacy to design effective and usable interfaces. HCI4D researchers have designed such interfaces for illiterate users over the years. Their major findings were to use non-textual designs over text-based interfaces. In the non-textual designs, they further considered artifacts like sound...
The study of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET's) remains attractive to achieve better performance... more The study of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET's) remains attractive to achieve better performance and scalability. This study describes a clustering protocol based on 3-Hop Routing in MANETs. The protocol is an extension of cluster based routing protocol and forms 3-Hop clusters based on delay factor. Other than cluster formation delay factor is also considered in route discovery process thus incorporating QoS factor in two mechanisms. The 3-Hop clustering also helps in local repair and route shortening mechanisms as it holds comparatively more information at each node and routes can be easily repaired or shortened using this 3-Hop topology database. This delay factor is also considered in route discovery process where the routes with greater delay are avoided. The
The main purpose of the study is to assess the role of motivation tools on the performance of the... more The main purpose of the study is to assess the role of motivation tools on the performance of the field force in an organization. For this purpose the field force of Helicon Pharmaceutical Company was selected and a sample of 100 employees was taken from the total population of 250 field force. A very simple and comprehensive questionnaire was distributed amongst the field force through which one can easily assess different factors and techniques which can motivate the employees to work better for achieving the organization's goal. The data collected through the questionnaire was put in a latest and authenticated software SPSS. This software helped me a lot in obtaining the results of different statistical techniques such as Regression, Pearson Correlation, Independent Sample t-Test and one way ANOVA. From the results we can easily test the hypothesis of the Research study. The Research study reveals that motivation is a strong tool in an organization and has a direct relationsh...
Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted from January 2007 to June 2011,... more Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted from January 2007 to June 2011, at Cardiovascular department PGMI, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. De Vega's surgical repair of tricuspid valve was done in severe tricuspid regurgitation patients with mitral valve replacement (MVR) or with double valve replacement [DVR=MVR+ AVR (Aortic valve replacement)]. Pre operative and post operative early (with in 1month) and midterm (at 6 month) follow up data was collected and analyzed on the basis of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional status and echocardiographic finding. The outcome of De Vega's repair was assessed.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
International Journal of Communication Systems, 2020
Energy efficiency is a contemporary and challenging issue in geographically distributed data cent... more Energy efficiency is a contemporary and challenging issue in geographically distributed data centers. These data centers consume significantly high energy and cast a negative impact on the energy resources and environment. To minimize the energy cost and the environmental impacts, Internet service providers use different approaches such as geographical load balancing (GLB). GLB refers to the placement of data centers in diverse geolocations to exploit variations in electricity prices with the objective to minimize the total energy cost. GLB helps to minimize the overall energy cost, achieve quality of service, and maximize resource utilization in geo-distributed data centers by employing optimal workload distribution and resource utilization in the real time. In this paper, we summarize various optimization-based workload distribution strategies and optimization techniques proposed in recent research works based on commonly used optimization factors such as workload type, load balancer, availability of renewable energy, energy storage, and data center server specification in geographically distributed data centers. The survey presents a systemized and a novel taxonomy of workload distribution in data centers. Moreover, we also debate various challenges and open research issues along with their possible solutions.
In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy cost minimization for geographically distribu... more In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy cost minimization for geographically distributed data centers with the guaranteed quality of service (i.e., service delay) under time-varying system dynamics. In order to satisfy the user demands, these data centers (DCs) consume a large amount of energy. The increasing energy cost of the DCs is a contemporary problem for the online service providers. To reduce the energy cost of the DCs, recent research studies suggest the workload distribution techniques among geo-distributed data centers by exploiting the dynamic electricity prices and an increased use of the renewable energy. In this paper, we propose a green geographical load balancing (GreenGLB) online algorithm based on the greedy algorithm design technique for the interactive and indivisible workload distribution. An indivisible workload is a sequential task, which cannot be further divided and must be assigned to a single data center. The basic idea of our algorithm is to assign the incoming workload at each time considering the current offered prices of electricity, the renewable energy levels, and respecting the given set of constraints. The experimental results based on the real-world traces illustrate the effectiveness of GreenGLB over the existing workload distribution techniques and attain a significant reduction in the energy cost of the geo-distributed DCs. INDEX TERMS Energy efficiency in cloud computing, geographical load balancing, geographically distributed data centers, green computing, dynamic electricity prices. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Junaid Shuja.
International Review of Management and Business Research, Jun 1, 2013
This study is assumed to investigate how job satisfaction and work morale affect the work perform... more This study is assumed to investigate how job satisfaction and work morale affect the work performance of the Ph.D's. The respondents involved in this study are Ph.D faculty members of different public and private sector universities of Peshawar, Pakistan. The reliability test was conducted for the different research questions. Regression and Correlation analysis was used for data analysis. The study revealed that, there is positive and significant effect of work morale and job satisfaction on quitting intention of Ph.D's. The research is of high practical value, it could serve as a guide to enhance employee's job satisfaction and work morale for to minimize the intention of quitting job. The study further elucidates that how highly qualified faculty members retain with the organization.
The topic of coronary artery intervention techniques is very complex. This chapter’s goal is to d... more The topic of coronary artery intervention techniques is very complex. This chapter’s goal is to discuss basic to complex techniques summarized to help coronary operators at all levels to understand the practical aspects of daily coronary interventions using a noncomplex approach. With the revolution of percutaneous cardiovascular and valvular interventions, more patients with complex coronary lesions are treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) over coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Thus, mastering all approaches, techniques of PCI, being comfortable with performing high risk PCIs, and using hemodynamic support devices have become very important. While the basics of coronary interventions have not changed, equipment innovation has a very rapid pace with almost daily additions to the arsenal of coronary interventions, in particular, stent development. Stent therapy for coronary interventions especially in acute coronary syndrome is a proven concept. This creat...
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