Papers by Idilia Batchkova
Development of Asset Administration Shell for the components of EBMR plant
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
The use of reference architectures and frameworks is an important prerequisite for dealing with t... more The use of reference architectures and frameworks is an important prerequisite for dealing with the complexity, diversity and heterogeneity of cyber-physical systems. One of the most popular architectures is RAMI 4.0, suggested by the Industry 4.0 Working Group. According to RAMI 4.0, the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) is a digital copy of assets, an implementation of the digital twin for Industry 4.0. The paper represents a semantic approach for development of AAS, which presents the data model through ontology. The semantic model allows for the presentation of facts, data schemes and meta-data in a unified way, using a global identification scheme. An example from the development of AAS for I4.0 components of an EBMR plant illustrates the approach.
A cyber-physical approach for development of Vacuum Control System on the EBMR plant
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
One of the great challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the transition to Cyber-Physic... more One of the great challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the transition to Cyber-Physical Systems, which allows for a high degree of adaptability, autonomy, reliability, usability and security. Cyber-Physical Systems-based control and automation is one of the possible ways to implement a smart factory. The cyber-physical approach, proposed in this paper is based on to the standard for Batch Control IEC-61512 (also known as S88) and the standard for development of distributed process measurement and control systems - IEC-61499. The suggested approach is implemented for development of vacuum control system, which is a part of the electron beam melting and refining plant producing metals and alloys with a high degree of purity.
The strategic initiative Industry 4.0 implies integration of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Intern... more The strategic initiative Industry 4.0 implies integration of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing, leading to what is called "smart factory". The lack of theoretical foundation and methodologies creates barriers that may hamper the adoption, commercialization, and market success of the new CPS applications. The reference frameworks and architectures support the analysis and specification of domains, and facilitates the unification of methods used by various disciplines such as industrial engineering, control theory, communication and information technology, thus making possible their combined use. The paper presents an analysis of the benefits and use of reference frameworks and architectures in the development of CPS. Standardized meta-models of reference frameworks and architectures are presented. Particular attention is paid to the NIST reference framework and architecture of CPS, with a view to establishing a methodology for develo...
Science. Business. Society., 2016
Nowadays E-commerce is gaining more and more popularity, it contains all possible financial and t... more Nowadays E-commerce is gaining more and more popularity, it contains all possible financial and trade transactions which are made via computer networks. Model-driven software development (MDSD) is the key to create the exact and accurate software application. All the necessary information is taken from a database. The most widely used database management system is MySQL. The latter is an opensource relational database management system, which is written in C programming language. In order to clarify the working process of an organization, a UML class diagram is created. The UML (Unified Modeling Language) is used for making graphical visual models for all the business processes. The paper presents the main stages of e-commerce transaction, using E-shop as an example.
The strategic initiative Industry 4.0 implies integration of Cyber-Physical Production Systems (C... more The strategic initiative Industry 4.0 implies integration of Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS), Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing, leading to what is called "smart factory". The lack of theoretical foundation and methodologies for development of CPPS creates barriers that may hamper the adoption, commercialization, and market success of the new CPPS applications. Standardization and digitalization are at the heart of the methodologies for developing intelligent cyber-physical production systems. OPC UA is the only recommended communication standard within the RAMI reference architecture. Here comes the main purpose of the paper to analyze OPC UA in respect to the information model creation and measures to ensure security of applications. An important place in the paper is devoted to the specification of standardized information models of other organizations, such as those of the ISA-95 (IEC-62264).
Nowadays E-commerce is gaining more and more popularity, it contains all possible financial and t... more Nowadays E-commerce is gaining more and more popularity, it contains all possible financial and trade transactions which are made via computer networks. Model-driven software development (MDSD) is the key to create the exact and accurate software application. All the necessary information is taken from a database. The most widely used database management system is MySQL. The latter is an opensource relational database management system, which is written in C programming language. In order to clarify the working process of an organization, a UML class diagram is created. The UML (Unified Modeling Language) is used for making graphical visual models for all the business processes. The paper presents the main stages of e-commerce transaction, using E-shop as an example.
Manufacturing Operations Management (MOM) systems as central information and data hub play a very... more Manufacturing Operations Management (MOM) systems as central information and data hub play a very important role for an easy and seamless transition to Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications. IIoT is mainly used in the context of Industry 4.0, that pursues the organization and management of value-added processes in the manufacturing industry with means of digitalization. The main aim of the proposed paper is to suggest some modifications to the IEC 62264 based models and architectures using RAMI 4.0 reference architecture in order to follow the basic principles of IoT and achieving the main advantages of IIoT.
Development of effective software application for real-time and embedded systems requires new adv... more Development of effective software application for real-time and embedded systems requires new advanced methods and techniques. This paper presents a model driven approach for development of process control systems based on the UML profile for system engineering – SysML and MARTE profile for analysis and modeling of real-time systems. The suggested approach is illustrated with a simple example for development of tank level feedback control system. Finally some conclusions are made.
2008 4th International IEEE Conference Intelligent Systems, 2008
This paper proposes an intelligent component based approach for batch control based on ANSI/ISA S... more This paper proposes an intelligent component based approach for batch control based on ANSI/ISA S88 standard. Common intelligent software components have been built and reused for different application. The components are managed in a control recipe that describes their execution schedule. Furthermore, IEC 61499 standard is adopted as an application framework in which the functional components are implemented as IEC 61499 based function blocks (FB). The operation schedule of the controlled components is then implemented according IEC 61499, based on Scheduler-Selector-Synchronizer (S³) architecture and SIPN models describing the sequence of control execution. An example of the proposed approach based on the real plant for Distillation of Sulphate Turpentine located in Velingrad, Bulgaria is presented and discussed.
Proceedings of the 17th IFAC World Congress, 2008, 2008
In process automation batch processes play a dominant role. With ISA SP88 and its IEC standard eq... more In process automation batch processes play a dominant role. With ISA SP88 and its IEC standard equivalent IEC 61512, there is a standard available covering the description of batch processes and plants over several hierarchical layers. For the instrumentation and automation components in all industrial systems there is a trend towards distributed solutions. The function block oriented IEC 61499 standard describes models to implement distributed control systems. In this contribution a new way to combine the concepts of SP88 for design with the models of IEC 61499 for implementation is proposed. To describe the control sequences Signal Interpreted Petri Nets (SIPN) are used to get a more formal model of the control than it is possible with the Procedure Function Chart (PFC) proposed in SP88. Based on this description basic functions for the control as well as the corresponding activation sequences are determined. The basic components are implemented by function blocks according to IEC 61499. The interconnection of the function blocks according to the required sequences is implemented using a scheduler concept. This concept allows re-configuration of the control without altering the function block diagram. Hence the proposed approach offers analyzable formal models, re-usable basic components, and easy re-configurability. The approach is illustrated using the Festo Mini Pulp Process (MPP).
Modeling and Verification Approach Based on Iec 61499 Function Blocks
MODELING AND VERIFICATION APPROACH BASED ON IEC 61499 FUNCTION BLOCKS Desislava Ivanova*, Idilia ... more MODELING AND VERIFICATION APPROACH BASED ON IEC 61499 FUNCTION BLOCKS Desislava Ivanova*, Idilia Batchkova**, Georg Frey*** * Computer Systems Department, Technical University of Sofia, Bul." Kl. Ohridski" 8, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail: d_ivanova@ tu-sofia. bg ** ...
Product Life Cycle Management���the Key for the Success Manufacturing
13th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing, 2009
Modeling of batch process control over several hierarchical layers is proposed in ISA S88, indepe... more Modeling of batch process control over several hierarchical layers is proposed in ISA S88, independently of a concrete implementation. IEC 61499, describes models to implement distributed control systems. This contribution proposes to combine the concepts of ISA S88 for hierarchical design with the models of IEC 61499 for distributed implementation. To formally describe and analyze the control sequences, Signal Interpreted Petri Nets are utilized. From the verified description, the implementation is derived using pre-defined IEC 61499 function blocks either by hierarchical aggregation of the blocks or by using a scheduler. The scheduler approach allows re-configuration of the sequences without altering the implemented controller. The proposed approach offers analyzable formal models, re-usable basic components, and re-configurable distributed implementation.
Multi-Agent Systems - Modeling, Control, Programming, Simulations and Applications, 2011
The successfully implementation of control systems depends greatly on achieving lower development... more The successfully implementation of control systems depends greatly on achieving lower development costs, short time of design and high level of safety and reliability. However the growing amount of ICT applications in the field of automation and control, from another side, increases rapidly the size and complexity of the software systems used in this domain. The main trends in automation are connected with the development and implementation of reconfigurable distributed control systems consisting of multiplicity non-hierarchical modules linked together via different types of communication systems. In order to control the complexity of distributed real-time systems the following main requirements have to be fulfilled: reliable concept for decomposition and modularity, openness for extensions in the cases of new products, machines and devices, the general architecture model of the system has to be producer independent, use of encapsulated, reusable components. To successfully meet the new requirements to the developed distributed control systems various modelling approaches and methods are increasingly resorting to be used. The control functions in distributed systems can be suitably described with any discrete-event model like automata, Petri nets, Grafcet/SFC, formal languages or IEC-61499 based Function blocks. The major drawback of these approaches is the lack of inheritance and polymorphism that may limit the reusability in non-vital applications. In order to overcome these shortcomings new approaches for software system development in control and automation are needed. Many working groups are trying to fill the gap between state of the art in software engineering and state of the practice in the control application domain through the use of object-oriented and agent-oriented modelling techniques. The agent community has considerable interest in developing methods and techniques for specifying, modeling, implementing and verifying of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for distributed control, but so far no standardized design methodology has been recognized. The successfully mission of Unified Modelling Language (UML) [OMG-UML, 2010] as unification of numerous different object-oriented approaches led to the idea of applying UML to the design of MAS. From a software point of view, agent-based systems can be regarded as a specialization of object-oriented systems but UML does not provide enough means for capturing all agents related modeling aspects like autonomy, pro-activity and cooperation. The software agents have their own thread of control, localizing not only code and state but their invocations as well [Parunak, 1999]. In an open and distributed, agentbased, integrated control environment, the need of standard mechanisms and specifications are vital for ensuring the interoperability of the autonomous agents. Multi-Agent Systems -Modeling, Control, Programming, Simulations and Applications The approach presented in this chapter aims to extend UML for development of multi-agent control systems based on its profile for System Engineering -SysML [OMG-UML, 2003], , the upcoming IEC-61499 standard defining the basic concepts and reference architecture and models for design of modular, re-usable, open and vendor independent distributed control applications [IEC-61499, 2005], and the FIPA's reference model for agent communications . SysML is the first UML profile for system engineering, which supports the specification, analysis, design, verification and validation of a broad range of complex systems. Using this profile, essential aspects of control engineering issues such as concurrency, hardware architecture, and requirements traceability can be applied to multi-agent and embedded systems. The customization of UML for systems engineering supports modeling of the whole closed loop control system including hardware, software, data, procedures and facilities. There is a clear correspondence between UML/SysML and IEC-61499 standard. The modelling concepts in both standards share many similarities and this allows the mapping between basic elements from IEC-61499 and UML/SysML profile using additional stereotypes. In order to extend the standardized concept to the whole development life cycle of a control application and to use the all benefits of object-oriented paradigm, the concepts of IEC-61499 standard are extended with different UML/SysML notations. The UML/SysML profile is extended and at the same time restricted with different stereotypes from FIPA communication standard in order to fill the gap from absence of unified communication protocol in applications based on the IEC-61499. The basic idea is to create an executable functional model of the software at an early stage of the development process based on requirements specifications, possibility for formal specification, verification and validation of the system based on modified Harmony SE methodology. The chapter is organized in 6 parts. After this introduction, in part 2 the current trends in automation and control domain are discussed. In part 3 the main features of multi-agent systems in respect to the development of multi-agent control systems are summarized and the approaches, methods and tools for their achievement are shortly described. Part 4 of the chapter analyses different extensions of UML for modelling of hard real time systems including the special topic of agent-based control systems. As the suggested approach is based on the collaborative use of UML and the reference architecture and models proposed in the IEC-61499 standard, a short overview of these models is presented in this part too. In part 5 the proposed approach for development of multi agent control systems based on the UML profile for system engineering -SysML, and the standardized concepts, models and architectures of IEC-61499 and FIPA standards is described. A modified methodology based on a subset of the large methodology for integrated system and software development process Harmony-SE is used. The development process includes the following basic cycles Requirements Analysis, System functional analysis, Architecture design and Hardware/Software design specification supported by different UML/SysML notations and diagrams, restricted according IEC-61499 and FIPA standards. A case study, illustrating the suggested approach is presented in part 6. This example shows the control system development processes to the FESTO Distribution station. Finally some conclusions are made. The global competition between enterprises and the new production strategies adopted by business require new types of automation and control systems, characterized by a high degree of horizontal and vertical integration and self-organizing features to enable rapid
The main aim in achieving of agile software process model is to support the development of divers... more The main aim in achieving of agile software process model is to support the development of diverse and complex software tools and program components in order to deliver faster functionality with higher quality and reliability. In this paper the Eclipse Process Framework (EPF) based on Software & Systems Process Engineering Meta-model specification (SPEM) as a UML2.0 profile and the agile unified software development process OpenUP are used to develop software process model for the domain of process control. In order to support the development of Model Driven Development (MDD) of control systems the basic process OpenUP is extended with process models represented the MDD-OpenUP/MDD. Finally some conclusions are made.
The market globalization and the rapid development of ICT force the chemical industry to new chal... more The market globalization and the rapid development of ICT force the chemical industry to new challenges that require enterprise reengineering, introducing new forms of organization, as well as quickly and successfully innovation processes. Main means to cope with these new challenges are the approaches, methods and tools of industrial informatics, which are characterized by great diversity and versatility. This paper aims to provide an overview and analysis of some of the most successful achievements of the industrial informatics in the chemical industry sector in order to achieve better selection and development of combined approaches and scenarios enhancing the agility and efficiency in this sector.
In recent years the use of computer technique and information technology in the domain of Ambient... more In recent years the use of computer technique and information technology in the domain of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) has been increasing significantly. For successful and efficient development of ambient intelligence systems and their components a new approach is needed. The Model Driven Development (MDD) is an innovative approach for development of different software applications using models at different levels of abstraction and applying model transformation to code generation. In order to satisfy the basic requirements to the developed AmI, in the proposed approach, the MDD, based on Model Driven Architecture (MDA), is directed to combine the use of agents as basic elements of the system and to model the internal and external communications in the system, based on the concept of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Such a way, the paper proposes a layered modeling framework for model driven development of agent based AmI systems with service oriented architecture. The deployment...
Cyber-Physical Systems integrate computation, networking, and physical dynamics. Systems and comp... more Cyber-Physical Systems integrate computation, networking, and physical dynamics. Systems and computer science has provided a solid foundation for spectacular progress in modeling of engineering software application for real-time and embedded systems. This paper discusses and analyses the possibilities of using UML and its profiles to model cyber-physical systems. Two approaches for modeling of cyber-physical components based on the UML profile for system engineering-SysML and on the MARTE profile for analysis and modeling of real-time systems are respectively described. The presented approaches are illustrated with a simple example for modeling of feedback level control system. Finally some conclusions are made.
One of the main problems of biomedical informatics in the effort to increase its contribution in ... more One of the main problems of biomedical informatics in the effort to increase its contribution in knowledge retrieval and decision making is the integration of ever-increasing amounts of information and data from multiple heterogeneous sources and domains-clinical, medical, biological etc. The paper proposes an ontology based approach for integration of biomedical data and information using the Linked Open Data vocabularies and a D2RQ-mapped database. A simple example of semantic integration of heterogeneous biomedical and health data sources is given.
This paper presents the developed domain ontology of the equipment in manufacturing systems in or... more This paper presents the developed domain ontology of the equipment in manufacturing systems in order to be used in the field of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS). The ontology meets the requirements of the meta-class "Equipment", which is part of the developed meta ontology based on the standard for integrated systems for the production and management IEC / ISO 62264. The article explains various properties and class restrictions of the developed ontology. Web Ontology Language (OWL 2) and Protégé 4.3 as an editor and knowledge acquisition tool are used. Special attention is given to the use of ontology reasoning to infer additional information from the facts stated explicitly in ontology-an important feature, used to perform classification, sorting and assembly operations and consistency checking.
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Papers by Idilia Batchkova