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INNA JUNAENAH

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University of Zagreb

Uppsala University

University of East London

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

University of Leicester

Gwen Robbins Schug

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Gabriel Gutierrez-Alonso

University of Salamanca

Macquarie University

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Swansea University

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Books by INNA JUNAENAH

Adequacy of Public Information for Meaningful E-Participation in Policy-Making: Human Rights-Based

by INNA JUNAENAH and Normawati Hashim

Within the first two years of COVID-19's exposure, countries around the world mitigated, among ot... more Within the first two years of COVID-19's exposure, countries around the world mitigated, among other things, social mobility control, resulting in other limitations on fundamental rights, such as freedom of movement and peaceful assembly. Within the rights restrictions, the desire of citizens to satisfy their desire for information and exercise their right to free expression was insatiable. The authors argue that citizens deserve access to sufficient information in order for them to have a meaningful right to participate. At the same time, electronic means can be an additional feature to channel public participation in policymaking. Regrettably, the primary platform adopted in Human Rights laws in operationalizing the right to participate in public affairs remains minimal to coexist meaningful e-participation embarked on the adequacy of the right to information based on Human Rights (HR) standards. This study aims to answer how a justification for meaningful e-participation in lawmaking can be defined. It also queries which framework can provide sufficient public information based on a rights-based approach. The study leverages the convention of civil and political rights (ICCPR) as the primary legal instrument for a qualitative doctrinal approach. The study suggests that adequate information should be in one package with eparticipation to optimize the enjoyment of the right to participate in policy-making.

TAFSIR KONSTITUSI DALAM PENGUJIAN PERATURAN DI BAWAH Undang-Undang

Book Section, 2016

Salah satu problematika judicial review adalah seringkali dijumpai adanya pertentangan antara per... more Salah satu problematika judicial review adalah seringkali dijumpai adanya pertentangan antara peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang dengan konstitusi. Sayangnya, dalam beberapa Putusan Mahkamah Agung mengenai Perkara Hak Uji Materiil (HUM), tidak ditemukan penggunaan kajian tafsir UUD 1945 dalam pertimbangannya. Walaupun dalam ranah kewenangan Mahkamah Agung UUD bukan merupakan batu uji, sudut pandang konstitusi harus disertakan untuk menjaga konsistensi hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan. Terdapat dua alasan terhadap kemungkinan itu, yaitu pendekatan constitutional review oleh pengadilan biasa dan konsekuensi dalam sistem hukum Indonesia yang menetapkan hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan. Tanggung jawab sebagai the guardian of constitution bukan hanya ada pada Mahkamah Konstitusi, melainkan pada semua lembaga negara termasuk setiap warga negara. Dalam konteks menjaga konsistensi hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan, MA dapat juga mengembangkan tafsir konstitusi untuk memastikan kesesuaian peraturan yang diujinya dengan konstitusi. Selain itu, pemaknaan konstitusi dapat digali oleh hakim supaya dapat ditemukan sesuai dengan kontekstualnya. Perspektif tersebut dapat dieksaminasi ketika memotret pemetaan penggunaan tafsir konstitusi dalam perkara Hak Uji Materi di Mahkamah Agung Pasca Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Dalam penelitian ini dirumuskan makna tafsir konstitusi dalam Hak Uji Materil. Dengan konsep tersebut akan disusun pemetaan penggunaan tafsir konstitusi dalam perkara Hak Uji Materi di Mahkamah Agung Pasca Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Dengan penggunaan tafsir konsitusi dalam perkara Hak uji Materiil (HUM) di Mahkamah Agung, dapat terjaga konstitusionalitas yang direfleksikan dalam hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai satu kesatuan sistem hukum.

Papers by INNA JUNAENAH

Pengingkaran Pasal 18

Artikel opini di Koran Pikiran Rakyat, 2023

Melokalkan Hak Asasi Manusia Melalui Kepariwisataan Inklusif: Landasan Pembaharuan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat Tentang Penyelenggaraan Kepariwisataan

Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia

West Java Province affects a Tourism Provincial Regional Regulation (Perda) of 2008. Recently, th... more West Java Province affects a Tourism Provincial Regional Regulation (Perda) of 2008. Recently, the respected Perda remains down to date both in the regulatory reasoning and normative structure. Such a lacuna is due to the issuance of Tourism Law No. 10 of 2009, in which the expression of the philosophical base acknowledges tourism activities as a part of human rights. This is coupled with various renewals of the National Action Plan for Human Rights (RANHAM), Indonesia's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals, and the New Urban Agenda 2016. Those instruments sharpen the effort to localize human rights through various development and community services sectors. This study aims to identify the frameworks for the renewal of the respected Perda. Through the study of legal materials, documents, and secondary data, namely, "Neraca Satelit Pariwisata Jawa Barat 2019-2020", this paper emphasizes the juridical, philosophical, and sociological reasonings for the need for the renewal of the Perda. These perspectives lead to the highlight of vulnerable groups as part of the inclusion of fulfilling socioeconomic rights. Not only being the center of attention for economic and cultural activities, but it is also time for a human rights perspective to be inseparable from the tourism sector.

Akuntabilitas Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Fungsi Legislasi (Studi Terhadap DPRD Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Ciamis)

Padjadjaran Law Review, 2013

Peraturan Perundang-undangan menempatkan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) sebagai badan repr... more Peraturan Perundang-undangan menempatkan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) sebagai badan representasi yang menjadi unsur pemerintahan daerah. Di antara fungsi yang dimilikinya adalah fungsi legislasi. Citra yang berkembang saat ini adalah Rancangan Peraturan Daerah yang berasal dari inisiatif DPRD lebih sedikit daripada Raperda atas prakarsa Pemerintah Daerah. Hal ini perlu dibuktikan dengan mengambil contoh pencapaian produktifitas pembentukan peraturan daerah dari pengalaman beberapa Kabupaten Ciamis dan Kota Bandung. Pencapaian produktifitas tersebut tidak saja berhenti pada pemetaannya, melainkan adalah menelusuri apa landasan pemikiran fungsi legislasi oleh DPRD Kabupaten/Kota. Selain itu adalah perlu digali apa saja faktor- faktor penunjang akuntabilitas anggota DPRD dalam rangka pelaksanaan fungsi legislasi. Untuk menjawab demikian, dilakukan pendekatan penelusuran dan analisa terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu dilakukan pula verifikasi terhadap beberapa hal mengenai inisiatif DPRD dalam mengajukan Raperda. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa landasan pemikiran fungsi legislasi oleh DPRD Kabupaten/Kota adalah berdasarkan pada pendekatan fungsi legislasi pada suatu elected representative dan akuntabilitas. Dalam pendekatan ini walaupun terdapat dinamika peran wakil rakyat dalam rangka hubungannya dengan yang diwakili, namun keterwakilannya dapat "ditagih". Sementara itu dari pendekatan landasan akuntabilitas diperoleh suatu deskripsi bahwa akuntabilitas DPRD digolongkan menjadi akuntabilitas secara kolektif dan akuntabilitas secara individu. Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penunjang akuntabilitas anggota DPRD dalam rangka pelaksanaan fungsi legislasi, terlebih dahulu sorotan utama pada DPRD Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Ciamis dalam penelitian ini, baru dapat terekam terhadap jumlah produk Perda yang berasal dari inisiatif DPRD dalam rangka pelaksanaan fungsi legislasi. Melihat inisiatif DPRD yang dicontohkan di Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Ciamis masih di bawah 50 persen dari keseluruhan Perda yang ditetapkan pada periode 2009-2014 ini. Adapun pengungkapan komposisi latar belakang yang berasal dari profil singkat masing-masing masih berada di permukaan saja untuk melihat dan mengukur akuntabilitas anggota DPRD secara individu. Atas dasar itulah dalam penelitian ini masih menyisakan kelemahan yang barangkali dapat diperkaya oleh peneltian-penelitian berikutnya Akuntabilitas secara individu perlu lebih jauh ditelusuri untuk diketahui sampai bagaimana pola rekruitmen dan kemungkinan ideal anggota DPRD dalam menjaga moral dan etika penyelenggaran negara. Keywords: Akuntabilitas. DPR

Adequacy of Public Information for Meaningful E-Participation in Policy-Making

Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights

Within the first two years of COVID-19’s exposure, countries around the world mitigated, among ot... more Within the first two years of COVID-19’s exposure, countries around the world mitigated, among other things, social mobility control, resulting in other limitations on fundamental rights, such as freedom of movement and peaceful assembly. Within the rights restrictions, the desire of citizens to satisfy their desire for information and exercise their right to free expression was insatiable. The authors argue that citizens deserve access to sufficient information in order for them to have a meaningful right to participate. At the same time, electronic means can be an additional feature to channel public participation in policy-making. Regrettably, the primary platform adopted in Human Rights laws in operationalizing the right to participate in public affairs remains minimal to coexist meaningful e-participation embarked on the adequacy of the right to information based on Human Rights (HR) standards. This study aims to answer how a justification for meaningful e-participation in law-...

A LEGAL AND PLANNING ANALYSIS ON THE EXTENSION OF THE RIGHTS TO EDUCATION OF THE ORANG ASLI TO INCLUDE PHYSICAL ACCESSIBILITY: MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE

NSA, 2021

Article 12 of the Federal Constitution (FC) of Malaysia recognises the right to education, for wh... more Article 12 of the Federal Constitution (FC) of Malaysia recognises the right to education, for which the Malaysian Government had successfully provided education to its citizens without prejudice on the basis of religion, race, descent, place of birth, or gender. In this regard, the Orang Asli have not been left out. This right is also enshrined in section 17 of the Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954. Unfortunately, the provision is deficient pertaining to clear standards which might strengthen Malaysia's Planning on physical accessibility to the right to education. The extent to which the aborigines can go to school for learning, considering the difficulty in reaching the school, is of great concern due to its longdistance, inadequate infrastructure, improper route, and syllabus availability. Therefore, this article discusses the right to education for the aborigines based on the physical accessibility perspective of the learning institution or school. A library-based study is conducted by analysing relevant Acts, policies, legal documents and reviewing articles to iden tify the research gap. This study will be valuable to strengthen the aborigines' rights by extending the meaning of right to education to the right to physical accessibility to education. This meaning comprises the reachable school location, adaptable facilities at the school building; manageable school by a community member; and adjusted national curricular through remote communication. Legal effort can be made by proposing an [2021] 1 LNS(A) lv Legal Network Series 2 improved regulation for determining the schools' location and suitability for the Orang Asli.

Melokalkan Hak Asasi Manusia Melalui Kepariwisataan Inklusif: Landasan Pembaharuan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat tentang Penyelenggaraan Kepariwisataan

Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 2022

West Java Province affects a Tourism Provincial Regional Regulation (Perda) of 2008. Recently, th... more West Java Province affects a Tourism Provincial Regional Regulation (Perda) of 2008. Recently, the respected Perda remains down to date both in the regulatory reasoning and normative structure. Such a lacuna is due to the issuance of Tourism Law No. 10 of 2009, in which the expression of the philosophical base acknowledges tourism activities as a part of human rights. This is coupled with various renewals of the National Action Plan for Human Rights (RANHAM), Indonesia's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals, and the New Urban Agenda 2016. Those instruments sharpen the effort to localize human rights through various development and community services sectors. This study aims to identify the frameworks for the renewal of the respected Perda. Through the study of legal materials, documents, and secondary data, namely, "Neraca Satelit Pariwisata Jawa Barat 2019-2020", this paper emphasizes the juridical, philosophical, and sociological reasonings for the need for the renewal of the Perda. These perspectives lead to the highlight of vulnerable groups as part of the inclusion of fulfilling socioeconomic rights. Not only being the center of attention for economic and cultural activities, but it is also time for a human rights perspective to be inseparable from the tourism sector.

Tafsir MK Atas Pasal 33 UUD 1945: Studi Atas Putusan MK Mengenai Judicial Review Terhadap UU No. 7/2004, UU No. 22/2001, dan UU No. 20/2002

Jurnal Konstitusi

The rulings of the constitutional court to review the Act No. 7 of 2004 on Management of Water Re... more The rulings of the constitutional court to review the Act No. 7 of 2004 on Management of Water Resources, Act No. 22 of 2001 on Crude Oil and Natural Gas, Act No. 20 of 2002 on Electricity caused controversy. These decisions gives a different interpretation of Article 33 of the Constitution of 1945, which likely have implications for Indonesia’s economic development policy. Branches of production which is important for the livelihoods of people and natural resources, is placed in the area of public law rather than private. The consequences are arranged by state control rights as a collective representation of Indonesian society. Thus, the form that allows management of a joint is through cooperatives and the state delegation of the management of public goods to the non-state (cooperative), can only be done with the instrument of one-sided legal action.

Sustainable Village Development in Indonesia: Shaping Participatory Sub-local Government through Human Rights-based Approach

Proceedings of the International Law Conference, 2018

Village in Indonesia, so-called Desa, in recent years has been becoming a favourable study since ... more Village in Indonesia, so-called Desa, in recent years has been becoming a favourable study since the issuing of the Act No. 6 Year 2014 on Village, in which village authority can organize financial resources from central, provincial, and municipal government allocated for village development. It is challenging legal policy of this Act in boosting the welfare in village. Therefore, this paper aims to emphasize the human right approach in shaping sustainable village development as a sub-local government in decentralization policy. To support, several legal instruments, legal theories, and samples of phenomenon in society are observed. This paper finds that there are some legal instruments supporting the village development, for instance in utilizing human capacity and fiscal decentralization regarding the interaction with environment. Legal policy of the Act on Village can emerge public participation in making of planning although it has some challenges, such as the tendency in over land use and or limited capacity of inhabitants. Additionally, human rights perspective inspires some substances, such as the right to participate, the right to the city, in attempt to enhance democracy, the aim of decentralization, the target of SDGs, equality and inclusion in development.

International Conference on Ethics in Governance (ICONEG 2016)

Collectively, Local Representatives Body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah-DPRD) in Indonesia has f... more Collectively, Local Representatives Body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah-DPRD) in Indonesia has function in by-laws making, supervision, and budgeting. Elaborating these functions, laws determine the rights and duties of member of DPRD in distorted way. Particularly, the member of DPRD has rights to initiate bill of by-laws, asking some questions, and arguing idea and opinion. Meanwhile, they have particular duties to transform people aspiration into policy and express both moral and political accountability to the constituent. In this paper, I would like to highlight that the duty to deliver accountability is understood as voluntary provision, not embodied to bind councilor’s behavior.

Pola Akuntabilitas Anggota Badan Perwakilan Rakyat: Identifikasi Terhadap City Council DI Liverpool, Vancouver, Dan Shah Alam (The Accountability Pattern of Member of the Representative Body: Identification Toward the City Councils in the Liverpool, Vancouver, and Shah Alam)

Indonesian legal system determines that the Local Representatives Body, known as the DPRD has the... more Indonesian legal system determines that the Local Representatives Body, known as the DPRD has the functions to establishing, supervising the execution of local affairs and budgeting. Those functions provides the rights to the DPRD both collectively and individually. However, there are also legal obligations applied only for individual. The problem is those three functions has not been embodied properly in the elaborated duties of the Representatives Body. It can be seen, that inspite of the collectivity, a number of duties are also inherent to the member of DPRD individually. Yet, the existing provisions have lack of support for the member of DPRD to increase their competence in order to strengthen those functions. In this paper, the author try to identify some models of individual accountability where there is a practical references applied in the three-municipalities, which are city council of Liverpool, Vancouver and Shah Alam. Considered as identification due to that there are n...

Model of Local Government in Indonesia: What Does the 1945 Constitution Intend?

PETITA: JURNAL KAJIAN ILMU HUKUM DAN SYARIAH, 2021

The character of the current local government in Indonesia is moving forward to re-centralisation... more The character of the current local government in Indonesia is moving forward to re-centralisation instead of decentralisation. Meanwhile, some comparative studies on models of local governments are catching eyes as they attempt to systemise a classification. This paper aims to describe a legal doctrinal assessment of the model of local government in Indonesia. It also gives some options for a separate comparative study, if it needs an ‘apple to apple’ or an inspiring object of study, to achieve the purposes of comparison for better legislation constituting local government in Indonesia. In doing so, the previous studies on global models of local government are examined to assess the current Indonesian legislations, covering the nature of the legal entity, source of authority and financial, organisation, and the extent in making the decision. This study points that the recent model of local government in Indonesia is a hybrid system, which implies close to Franco rather than the Angl...

Supervision on By-Law of Local Government in Indonesia: Lesson from Refreshed Central-Local Relationship in New Zealand

DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 2020

A by-law as a product of local government is valuable as a legal instrument in implementing the d... more A by-law as a product of local government is valuable as a legal instrument in implementing the duty to regulate and to administer local affairs. Contemporary, the regulation regarding supervision on by-law points a dynamic and controversial respond. The indication has appeared since the competence of the central government to nullify by-law is repealed through the Constitutional Court Verdict. Government reaction on this Verdict indicates a disharmony, due to some ventures to control local government forwards to tight, for which several other legal instruments are issued. This study aims to find a developed notion of supervision on a by-law to enhance the purpose of devolution. In doing so, a lesson learned from New Zealand will be taken into account following the gap found in the legal position of Indonesia. The research finding shows that a trend of regulation on supervision in New Zealand reflects a transitional relationship between central government from hierarchical to a part...

Moral and Political Accountability of Local Representatives Body in Indonesia

Proceedings of the International Conference on Ethics in Governance (ICONEG 2016), 2017

Collectively, Local Representatives Body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah-DPRD) in Indonesia has f... more Collectively, Local Representatives Body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah-DPRD) in Indonesia has function in by-laws making, supervision, and budgeting. Elaborating these functions, laws determine the rights and duties of member of DPRD in distorted way. Particularly, the member of DPRD has rights to initiate bill of by-laws, asking some questions, and arguing idea and opinion. Meanwhile, they have particular duties to transform people aspiration into policy and express both moral and political accountability to the constituent. In this paper, I would like to highlight that the duty to deliver accountability is understood as voluntary provision, not embodied to bind councilor's behavior.

Model Panduan Kriteria Desa Peduli Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Konteks Jawa Barat

PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), Jan 28, 2018

Kewajiban negara terhadap hak asasi manusia akan terlaksana dan menguat jika daerah turut berpera... more Kewajiban negara terhadap hak asasi manusia akan terlaksana dan menguat jika daerah turut berperan, sebab secara substansi berbagai isu hak asasi manusia melekat dalam urusan pemerintahan daerah baik yang bersifat wajib maupun pilihan. Demikian pula dengan komitmen pemerintah terhadap tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan, salah satunya adalah menjadikan pemerintah daerah khususnya desa dengan segala karakter dan potensi yang dimilikinya menjadi subjek pembangunan. Dalam rangka pengarusutamaan HAM dalam pembangunan hingga ke daerah, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia membentuk Peraturan Menteri tentang Kriteria Kabupaten/Kota Peduli HAM yang telah diperbaharui beberapa kali. Jika kriteria ini akan diterapkan untuk desa, maka diperlukan penyesuaian. Artikel ini merumuskan model kriteria desa peduli HAM untuk Jawa Barat. Beberapa penyesuaian dilakukan khususnya pada aspek kewenangan dan konteks sesuai dengan karakter desa. Model kriteria yang dihasilkan tidak diorientasikan untuk kompetisi, namun sebagai pedoman untuk menyusun tahapan-tahapan disertai evaluasi berkala.

Tafsir Konstitusional Pengujian Peraturan di Bawah Undang-Undang

Jurnal Konstitusi, 2016

Particular problem in judicial review frequently found is there a contradiction between the subsi... more Particular problem in judicial review frequently found is there a contradiction between the subsidiary legislation and the constitution. Unfortunately, in several Supreme Court verdict on judicial review, there is no usage of constitutional interpretation on their legal reasoning. However within domain of Supreme Court authority, constitution is not the touchstone, but constitution perspective must be included to maintain consistency of legislation hierarchy. There are two reasons on that posibilities, first the approximation of constitutional review by the court and second, the consequences of Indonesian’s legal system that implementing legislation hierarchy. Responsibility as the guardian of constitution not only applied on Constitutional Court, but on all the state institutions including every citizen. In the context of guarding consistency of legislation hierarchy, Supreme Court might also develop constitutional interpretation in order to ensure conformity regulations that is ex...

Kontribusi Tatanan Islam terhadap Demokrasi Permusyawaran di Indonesia

AHKAM:Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 2016

The Contributions of Islamic Order to Deliberative Democracy in Indonesia. Many references indica... more The Contributions of Islamic Order to Deliberative Democracy in Indonesia. Many references indicate the dynamic development of democracy with various definitions and classifications. The founding fathers did not want liberal democracy. Therefore, the consultative democracy was selected as outlined in the formulation of the fourth principle of Pancasila. This decision was considered special because there has been a contribution of Islamic thought. This article describes the principles of Islam in the deliberation that carry deliberative democracy including the meaning and purpose of deliberation, the agency that deliberation, and decision making. Those principles are reflected in the formulation of the fourth principle, the existence of the people’s Consultative Assembly, the membership of the Assembly in 1945 before amendments, and decision making method.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i2.4446

Paradigmatic Reverse in the Legal Policy of the Notion of Deliberative Democracy from People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat) to Village (A Preliminary Study)

PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), 2015

This ar cle aims to assert that some regulatory mechanisms, such as the appointment of members of... more This ar cle aims to assert that some regulatory mechanisms, such as the appointment of members of and the vo ng for decision in both Indonesia People's Delibera ve Assembly (MPR) and village flows in a formalizing pa ern from the top governmental body of the central, to the regional, and to the ends at the bo om level, the village. This also applies the procedural aspects of the democra c system where the organiza onal body is made as formal, uniform, and permanent in structure (despite the periods). This somehow seems contradictory with the no on of delibera ve democracy (Demokrasi Permusyawaratan) once upheld by the founding fathers of Indonesia. However, the vague understanding surrounding the no on of delibera ve democracy necessitates a closer study for a more comprehensive overview, which should also be conducted for be er comprehension on the concept of democracy adopted by the MPR. This ar cle serves only as a preliminary study to prelude a more in-depth study. The deriva on of legal policy in this ar cle has the purpose of iden fying the poli cal direc on towards which the village democracy was taken. This ar cle highlights a paradigma c shi in the legal policy change of the democra c pa ern from the village to the MPR, then later from the MPR to the village.

Partisipasi Perempuan Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Daerah Yang Demokratis

JURNAL CITA HUKUM, 2015

Decision Against Women's Participation In The Democratic local government management. There have ... more Decision Against Women's Participation In The Democratic local government management. There have been many studies and settings on the relation of women to decision-making in a government organization. It also encouraged the International in 1995 in the World Women's Conference in Beijing fourth, which resulted in a recommendation by the mention of the Beijing Platform for Action. This declaration has prompted action plans in various countries, including in Indonesia, including to target the achievement of women's representation in Parliament 33.3 percent. Such a declaration of some of the ways that women can participate in decision making. The position of women in parliament is believed to affect directly to influence the established law.

Adequacy of Public Information for Meaningful E-Participation in Policy-Making: Human Rights-Based

by INNA JUNAENAH and Normawati Hashim

Within the first two years of COVID-19's exposure, countries around the world mitigated, among ot... more Within the first two years of COVID-19's exposure, countries around the world mitigated, among other things, social mobility control, resulting in other limitations on fundamental rights, such as freedom of movement and peaceful assembly. Within the rights restrictions, the desire of citizens to satisfy their desire for information and exercise their right to free expression was insatiable. The authors argue that citizens deserve access to sufficient information in order for them to have a meaningful right to participate. At the same time, electronic means can be an additional feature to channel public participation in policymaking. Regrettably, the primary platform adopted in Human Rights laws in operationalizing the right to participate in public affairs remains minimal to coexist meaningful e-participation embarked on the adequacy of the right to information based on Human Rights (HR) standards. This study aims to answer how a justification for meaningful e-participation in lawmaking can be defined. It also queries which framework can provide sufficient public information based on a rights-based approach. The study leverages the convention of civil and political rights (ICCPR) as the primary legal instrument for a qualitative doctrinal approach. The study suggests that adequate information should be in one package with eparticipation to optimize the enjoyment of the right to participate in policy-making.

TAFSIR KONSTITUSI DALAM PENGUJIAN PERATURAN DI BAWAH Undang-Undang

Book Section, 2016

Salah satu problematika judicial review adalah seringkali dijumpai adanya pertentangan antara per... more Salah satu problematika judicial review adalah seringkali dijumpai adanya pertentangan antara peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang dengan konstitusi. Sayangnya, dalam beberapa Putusan Mahkamah Agung mengenai Perkara Hak Uji Materiil (HUM), tidak ditemukan penggunaan kajian tafsir UUD 1945 dalam pertimbangannya. Walaupun dalam ranah kewenangan Mahkamah Agung UUD bukan merupakan batu uji, sudut pandang konstitusi harus disertakan untuk menjaga konsistensi hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan. Terdapat dua alasan terhadap kemungkinan itu, yaitu pendekatan constitutional review oleh pengadilan biasa dan konsekuensi dalam sistem hukum Indonesia yang menetapkan hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan. Tanggung jawab sebagai the guardian of constitution bukan hanya ada pada Mahkamah Konstitusi, melainkan pada semua lembaga negara termasuk setiap warga negara. Dalam konteks menjaga konsistensi hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan, MA dapat juga mengembangkan tafsir konstitusi untuk memastikan kesesuaian peraturan yang diujinya dengan konstitusi. Selain itu, pemaknaan konstitusi dapat digali oleh hakim supaya dapat ditemukan sesuai dengan kontekstualnya. Perspektif tersebut dapat dieksaminasi ketika memotret pemetaan penggunaan tafsir konstitusi dalam perkara Hak Uji Materi di Mahkamah Agung Pasca Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Dalam penelitian ini dirumuskan makna tafsir konstitusi dalam Hak Uji Materil. Dengan konsep tersebut akan disusun pemetaan penggunaan tafsir konstitusi dalam perkara Hak Uji Materi di Mahkamah Agung Pasca Perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Dengan penggunaan tafsir konsitusi dalam perkara Hak uji Materiil (HUM) di Mahkamah Agung, dapat terjaga konstitusionalitas yang direfleksikan dalam hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai satu kesatuan sistem hukum.

Pengingkaran Pasal 18

Artikel opini di Koran Pikiran Rakyat, 2023

Melokalkan Hak Asasi Manusia Melalui Kepariwisataan Inklusif: Landasan Pembaharuan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat Tentang Penyelenggaraan Kepariwisataan

Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia

West Java Province affects a Tourism Provincial Regional Regulation (Perda) of 2008. Recently, th... more West Java Province affects a Tourism Provincial Regional Regulation (Perda) of 2008. Recently, the respected Perda remains down to date both in the regulatory reasoning and normative structure. Such a lacuna is due to the issuance of Tourism Law No. 10 of 2009, in which the expression of the philosophical base acknowledges tourism activities as a part of human rights. This is coupled with various renewals of the National Action Plan for Human Rights (RANHAM), Indonesia's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals, and the New Urban Agenda 2016. Those instruments sharpen the effort to localize human rights through various development and community services sectors. This study aims to identify the frameworks for the renewal of the respected Perda. Through the study of legal materials, documents, and secondary data, namely, "Neraca Satelit Pariwisata Jawa Barat 2019-2020", this paper emphasizes the juridical, philosophical, and sociological reasonings for the need for the renewal of the Perda. These perspectives lead to the highlight of vulnerable groups as part of the inclusion of fulfilling socioeconomic rights. Not only being the center of attention for economic and cultural activities, but it is also time for a human rights perspective to be inseparable from the tourism sector.

Akuntabilitas Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Fungsi Legislasi (Studi Terhadap DPRD Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Ciamis)

Padjadjaran Law Review, 2013

Peraturan Perundang-undangan menempatkan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) sebagai badan repr... more Peraturan Perundang-undangan menempatkan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD) sebagai badan representasi yang menjadi unsur pemerintahan daerah. Di antara fungsi yang dimilikinya adalah fungsi legislasi. Citra yang berkembang saat ini adalah Rancangan Peraturan Daerah yang berasal dari inisiatif DPRD lebih sedikit daripada Raperda atas prakarsa Pemerintah Daerah. Hal ini perlu dibuktikan dengan mengambil contoh pencapaian produktifitas pembentukan peraturan daerah dari pengalaman beberapa Kabupaten Ciamis dan Kota Bandung. Pencapaian produktifitas tersebut tidak saja berhenti pada pemetaannya, melainkan adalah menelusuri apa landasan pemikiran fungsi legislasi oleh DPRD Kabupaten/Kota. Selain itu adalah perlu digali apa saja faktor- faktor penunjang akuntabilitas anggota DPRD dalam rangka pelaksanaan fungsi legislasi. Untuk menjawab demikian, dilakukan pendekatan penelusuran dan analisa terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu dilakukan pula verifikasi terhadap beberapa hal mengenai inisiatif DPRD dalam mengajukan Raperda. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa landasan pemikiran fungsi legislasi oleh DPRD Kabupaten/Kota adalah berdasarkan pada pendekatan fungsi legislasi pada suatu elected representative dan akuntabilitas. Dalam pendekatan ini walaupun terdapat dinamika peran wakil rakyat dalam rangka hubungannya dengan yang diwakili, namun keterwakilannya dapat "ditagih". Sementara itu dari pendekatan landasan akuntabilitas diperoleh suatu deskripsi bahwa akuntabilitas DPRD digolongkan menjadi akuntabilitas secara kolektif dan akuntabilitas secara individu. Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penunjang akuntabilitas anggota DPRD dalam rangka pelaksanaan fungsi legislasi, terlebih dahulu sorotan utama pada DPRD Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Ciamis dalam penelitian ini, baru dapat terekam terhadap jumlah produk Perda yang berasal dari inisiatif DPRD dalam rangka pelaksanaan fungsi legislasi. Melihat inisiatif DPRD yang dicontohkan di Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Ciamis masih di bawah 50 persen dari keseluruhan Perda yang ditetapkan pada periode 2009-2014 ini. Adapun pengungkapan komposisi latar belakang yang berasal dari profil singkat masing-masing masih berada di permukaan saja untuk melihat dan mengukur akuntabilitas anggota DPRD secara individu. Atas dasar itulah dalam penelitian ini masih menyisakan kelemahan yang barangkali dapat diperkaya oleh peneltian-penelitian berikutnya Akuntabilitas secara individu perlu lebih jauh ditelusuri untuk diketahui sampai bagaimana pola rekruitmen dan kemungkinan ideal anggota DPRD dalam menjaga moral dan etika penyelenggaran negara. Keywords: Akuntabilitas. DPR

Adequacy of Public Information for Meaningful E-Participation in Policy-Making

Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights

Within the first two years of COVID-19’s exposure, countries around the world mitigated, among ot... more Within the first two years of COVID-19’s exposure, countries around the world mitigated, among other things, social mobility control, resulting in other limitations on fundamental rights, such as freedom of movement and peaceful assembly. Within the rights restrictions, the desire of citizens to satisfy their desire for information and exercise their right to free expression was insatiable. The authors argue that citizens deserve access to sufficient information in order for them to have a meaningful right to participate. At the same time, electronic means can be an additional feature to channel public participation in policy-making. Regrettably, the primary platform adopted in Human Rights laws in operationalizing the right to participate in public affairs remains minimal to coexist meaningful e-participation embarked on the adequacy of the right to information based on Human Rights (HR) standards. This study aims to answer how a justification for meaningful e-participation in law-...

A LEGAL AND PLANNING ANALYSIS ON THE EXTENSION OF THE RIGHTS TO EDUCATION OF THE ORANG ASLI TO INCLUDE PHYSICAL ACCESSIBILITY: MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE

NSA, 2021

Article 12 of the Federal Constitution (FC) of Malaysia recognises the right to education, for wh... more Article 12 of the Federal Constitution (FC) of Malaysia recognises the right to education, for which the Malaysian Government had successfully provided education to its citizens without prejudice on the basis of religion, race, descent, place of birth, or gender. In this regard, the Orang Asli have not been left out. This right is also enshrined in section 17 of the Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954. Unfortunately, the provision is deficient pertaining to clear standards which might strengthen Malaysia's Planning on physical accessibility to the right to education. The extent to which the aborigines can go to school for learning, considering the difficulty in reaching the school, is of great concern due to its longdistance, inadequate infrastructure, improper route, and syllabus availability. Therefore, this article discusses the right to education for the aborigines based on the physical accessibility perspective of the learning institution or school. A library-based study is conducted by analysing relevant Acts, policies, legal documents and reviewing articles to iden tify the research gap. This study will be valuable to strengthen the aborigines' rights by extending the meaning of right to education to the right to physical accessibility to education. This meaning comprises the reachable school location, adaptable facilities at the school building; manageable school by a community member; and adjusted national curricular through remote communication. Legal effort can be made by proposing an [2021] 1 LNS(A) lv Legal Network Series 2 improved regulation for determining the schools' location and suitability for the Orang Asli.

Melokalkan Hak Asasi Manusia Melalui Kepariwisataan Inklusif: Landasan Pembaharuan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat tentang Penyelenggaraan Kepariwisataan

Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 2022

West Java Province affects a Tourism Provincial Regional Regulation (Perda) of 2008. Recently, th... more West Java Province affects a Tourism Provincial Regional Regulation (Perda) of 2008. Recently, the respected Perda remains down to date both in the regulatory reasoning and normative structure. Such a lacuna is due to the issuance of Tourism Law No. 10 of 2009, in which the expression of the philosophical base acknowledges tourism activities as a part of human rights. This is coupled with various renewals of the National Action Plan for Human Rights (RANHAM), Indonesia's commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals, and the New Urban Agenda 2016. Those instruments sharpen the effort to localize human rights through various development and community services sectors. This study aims to identify the frameworks for the renewal of the respected Perda. Through the study of legal materials, documents, and secondary data, namely, "Neraca Satelit Pariwisata Jawa Barat 2019-2020", this paper emphasizes the juridical, philosophical, and sociological reasonings for the need for the renewal of the Perda. These perspectives lead to the highlight of vulnerable groups as part of the inclusion of fulfilling socioeconomic rights. Not only being the center of attention for economic and cultural activities, but it is also time for a human rights perspective to be inseparable from the tourism sector.

Tafsir MK Atas Pasal 33 UUD 1945: Studi Atas Putusan MK Mengenai Judicial Review Terhadap UU No. 7/2004, UU No. 22/2001, dan UU No. 20/2002

Jurnal Konstitusi

The rulings of the constitutional court to review the Act No. 7 of 2004 on Management of Water Re... more The rulings of the constitutional court to review the Act No. 7 of 2004 on Management of Water Resources, Act No. 22 of 2001 on Crude Oil and Natural Gas, Act No. 20 of 2002 on Electricity caused controversy. These decisions gives a different interpretation of Article 33 of the Constitution of 1945, which likely have implications for Indonesia’s economic development policy. Branches of production which is important for the livelihoods of people and natural resources, is placed in the area of public law rather than private. The consequences are arranged by state control rights as a collective representation of Indonesian society. Thus, the form that allows management of a joint is through cooperatives and the state delegation of the management of public goods to the non-state (cooperative), can only be done with the instrument of one-sided legal action.

Sustainable Village Development in Indonesia: Shaping Participatory Sub-local Government through Human Rights-based Approach

Proceedings of the International Law Conference, 2018

Village in Indonesia, so-called Desa, in recent years has been becoming a favourable study since ... more Village in Indonesia, so-called Desa, in recent years has been becoming a favourable study since the issuing of the Act No. 6 Year 2014 on Village, in which village authority can organize financial resources from central, provincial, and municipal government allocated for village development. It is challenging legal policy of this Act in boosting the welfare in village. Therefore, this paper aims to emphasize the human right approach in shaping sustainable village development as a sub-local government in decentralization policy. To support, several legal instruments, legal theories, and samples of phenomenon in society are observed. This paper finds that there are some legal instruments supporting the village development, for instance in utilizing human capacity and fiscal decentralization regarding the interaction with environment. Legal policy of the Act on Village can emerge public participation in making of planning although it has some challenges, such as the tendency in over land use and or limited capacity of inhabitants. Additionally, human rights perspective inspires some substances, such as the right to participate, the right to the city, in attempt to enhance democracy, the aim of decentralization, the target of SDGs, equality and inclusion in development.

International Conference on Ethics in Governance (ICONEG 2016)

Collectively, Local Representatives Body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah-DPRD) in Indonesia has f... more Collectively, Local Representatives Body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah-DPRD) in Indonesia has function in by-laws making, supervision, and budgeting. Elaborating these functions, laws determine the rights and duties of member of DPRD in distorted way. Particularly, the member of DPRD has rights to initiate bill of by-laws, asking some questions, and arguing idea and opinion. Meanwhile, they have particular duties to transform people aspiration into policy and express both moral and political accountability to the constituent. In this paper, I would like to highlight that the duty to deliver accountability is understood as voluntary provision, not embodied to bind councilor’s behavior.

Pola Akuntabilitas Anggota Badan Perwakilan Rakyat: Identifikasi Terhadap City Council DI Liverpool, Vancouver, Dan Shah Alam (The Accountability Pattern of Member of the Representative Body: Identification Toward the City Councils in the Liverpool, Vancouver, and Shah Alam)

Indonesian legal system determines that the Local Representatives Body, known as the DPRD has the... more Indonesian legal system determines that the Local Representatives Body, known as the DPRD has the functions to establishing, supervising the execution of local affairs and budgeting. Those functions provides the rights to the DPRD both collectively and individually. However, there are also legal obligations applied only for individual. The problem is those three functions has not been embodied properly in the elaborated duties of the Representatives Body. It can be seen, that inspite of the collectivity, a number of duties are also inherent to the member of DPRD individually. Yet, the existing provisions have lack of support for the member of DPRD to increase their competence in order to strengthen those functions. In this paper, the author try to identify some models of individual accountability where there is a practical references applied in the three-municipalities, which are city council of Liverpool, Vancouver and Shah Alam. Considered as identification due to that there are n...

Model of Local Government in Indonesia: What Does the 1945 Constitution Intend?

PETITA: JURNAL KAJIAN ILMU HUKUM DAN SYARIAH, 2021

The character of the current local government in Indonesia is moving forward to re-centralisation... more The character of the current local government in Indonesia is moving forward to re-centralisation instead of decentralisation. Meanwhile, some comparative studies on models of local governments are catching eyes as they attempt to systemise a classification. This paper aims to describe a legal doctrinal assessment of the model of local government in Indonesia. It also gives some options for a separate comparative study, if it needs an ‘apple to apple’ or an inspiring object of study, to achieve the purposes of comparison for better legislation constituting local government in Indonesia. In doing so, the previous studies on global models of local government are examined to assess the current Indonesian legislations, covering the nature of the legal entity, source of authority and financial, organisation, and the extent in making the decision. This study points that the recent model of local government in Indonesia is a hybrid system, which implies close to Franco rather than the Angl...

Supervision on By-Law of Local Government in Indonesia: Lesson from Refreshed Central-Local Relationship in New Zealand

DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 2020

A by-law as a product of local government is valuable as a legal instrument in implementing the d... more A by-law as a product of local government is valuable as a legal instrument in implementing the duty to regulate and to administer local affairs. Contemporary, the regulation regarding supervision on by-law points a dynamic and controversial respond. The indication has appeared since the competence of the central government to nullify by-law is repealed through the Constitutional Court Verdict. Government reaction on this Verdict indicates a disharmony, due to some ventures to control local government forwards to tight, for which several other legal instruments are issued. This study aims to find a developed notion of supervision on a by-law to enhance the purpose of devolution. In doing so, a lesson learned from New Zealand will be taken into account following the gap found in the legal position of Indonesia. The research finding shows that a trend of regulation on supervision in New Zealand reflects a transitional relationship between central government from hierarchical to a part...

Moral and Political Accountability of Local Representatives Body in Indonesia

Proceedings of the International Conference on Ethics in Governance (ICONEG 2016), 2017

Collectively, Local Representatives Body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah-DPRD) in Indonesia has f... more Collectively, Local Representatives Body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah-DPRD) in Indonesia has function in by-laws making, supervision, and budgeting. Elaborating these functions, laws determine the rights and duties of member of DPRD in distorted way. Particularly, the member of DPRD has rights to initiate bill of by-laws, asking some questions, and arguing idea and opinion. Meanwhile, they have particular duties to transform people aspiration into policy and express both moral and political accountability to the constituent. In this paper, I would like to highlight that the duty to deliver accountability is understood as voluntary provision, not embodied to bind councilor's behavior.

Model Panduan Kriteria Desa Peduli Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Konteks Jawa Barat

PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), Jan 28, 2018

Kewajiban negara terhadap hak asasi manusia akan terlaksana dan menguat jika daerah turut berpera... more Kewajiban negara terhadap hak asasi manusia akan terlaksana dan menguat jika daerah turut berperan, sebab secara substansi berbagai isu hak asasi manusia melekat dalam urusan pemerintahan daerah baik yang bersifat wajib maupun pilihan. Demikian pula dengan komitmen pemerintah terhadap tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan, salah satunya adalah menjadikan pemerintah daerah khususnya desa dengan segala karakter dan potensi yang dimilikinya menjadi subjek pembangunan. Dalam rangka pengarusutamaan HAM dalam pembangunan hingga ke daerah, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia membentuk Peraturan Menteri tentang Kriteria Kabupaten/Kota Peduli HAM yang telah diperbaharui beberapa kali. Jika kriteria ini akan diterapkan untuk desa, maka diperlukan penyesuaian. Artikel ini merumuskan model kriteria desa peduli HAM untuk Jawa Barat. Beberapa penyesuaian dilakukan khususnya pada aspek kewenangan dan konteks sesuai dengan karakter desa. Model kriteria yang dihasilkan tidak diorientasikan untuk kompetisi, namun sebagai pedoman untuk menyusun tahapan-tahapan disertai evaluasi berkala.

Tafsir Konstitusional Pengujian Peraturan di Bawah Undang-Undang

Jurnal Konstitusi, 2016

Particular problem in judicial review frequently found is there a contradiction between the subsi... more Particular problem in judicial review frequently found is there a contradiction between the subsidiary legislation and the constitution. Unfortunately, in several Supreme Court verdict on judicial review, there is no usage of constitutional interpretation on their legal reasoning. However within domain of Supreme Court authority, constitution is not the touchstone, but constitution perspective must be included to maintain consistency of legislation hierarchy. There are two reasons on that posibilities, first the approximation of constitutional review by the court and second, the consequences of Indonesian’s legal system that implementing legislation hierarchy. Responsibility as the guardian of constitution not only applied on Constitutional Court, but on all the state institutions including every citizen. In the context of guarding consistency of legislation hierarchy, Supreme Court might also develop constitutional interpretation in order to ensure conformity regulations that is ex...

Kontribusi Tatanan Islam terhadap Demokrasi Permusyawaran di Indonesia

AHKAM:Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 2016

The Contributions of Islamic Order to Deliberative Democracy in Indonesia. Many references indica... more The Contributions of Islamic Order to Deliberative Democracy in Indonesia. Many references indicate the dynamic development of democracy with various definitions and classifications. The founding fathers did not want liberal democracy. Therefore, the consultative democracy was selected as outlined in the formulation of the fourth principle of Pancasila. This decision was considered special because there has been a contribution of Islamic thought. This article describes the principles of Islam in the deliberation that carry deliberative democracy including the meaning and purpose of deliberation, the agency that deliberation, and decision making. Those principles are reflected in the formulation of the fourth principle, the existence of the people’s Consultative Assembly, the membership of the Assembly in 1945 before amendments, and decision making method.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i2.4446

Paradigmatic Reverse in the Legal Policy of the Notion of Deliberative Democracy from People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat) to Village (A Preliminary Study)

PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), 2015

This ar cle aims to assert that some regulatory mechanisms, such as the appointment of members of... more This ar cle aims to assert that some regulatory mechanisms, such as the appointment of members of and the vo ng for decision in both Indonesia People's Delibera ve Assembly (MPR) and village flows in a formalizing pa ern from the top governmental body of the central, to the regional, and to the ends at the bo om level, the village. This also applies the procedural aspects of the democra c system where the organiza onal body is made as formal, uniform, and permanent in structure (despite the periods). This somehow seems contradictory with the no on of delibera ve democracy (Demokrasi Permusyawaratan) once upheld by the founding fathers of Indonesia. However, the vague understanding surrounding the no on of delibera ve democracy necessitates a closer study for a more comprehensive overview, which should also be conducted for be er comprehension on the concept of democracy adopted by the MPR. This ar cle serves only as a preliminary study to prelude a more in-depth study. The deriva on of legal policy in this ar cle has the purpose of iden fying the poli cal direc on towards which the village democracy was taken. This ar cle highlights a paradigma c shi in the legal policy change of the democra c pa ern from the village to the MPR, then later from the MPR to the village.

Partisipasi Perempuan Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Daerah Yang Demokratis

JURNAL CITA HUKUM, 2015

Decision Against Women's Participation In The Democratic local government management. There have ... more Decision Against Women's Participation In The Democratic local government management. There have been many studies and settings on the relation of women to decision-making in a government organization. It also encouraged the International in 1995 in the World Women's Conference in Beijing fourth, which resulted in a recommendation by the mention of the Beijing Platform for Action. This declaration has prompted action plans in various countries, including in Indonesia, including to target the achievement of women's representation in Parliament 33.3 percent. Such a declaration of some of the ways that women can participate in decision making. The position of women in parliament is believed to affect directly to influence the established law.

Indonesia Democracy Index (IDI): The Effort to Encourage Democratic Provincial Government

International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2015

The crucial problem of results on IDI is the lack of present of Provincial Government to manage a... more The crucial problem of results on IDI is the lack of present of Provincial Government to manage and to accommodate the public participation properly. The author underlines the challenging unfinished work of Provincial Government and criticizes the pattern of Indonesia Democracy Index (IDI). Besides, some of elements of IDI are inappropriate to complement the others. Actualizing welfare State perspective in these civil liberties and political rights, the author recommends several measures to be taken by Provincial Government.