Papers by Iman Ghasemzadeh
BMC Infectious Diseases
Background Incarcerated people are at a disproportionate risk of contracting HIV. We estimated th... more Background Incarcerated people are at a disproportionate risk of contracting HIV. We estimated the prevalence and correlates of HIV testing among incarcerated people with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviours in Iran. Methods Data for this analysis were obtained from three consecutive nationwide bio-behavioural surveillance surveys of a random sample of incarcerated people in 2009 (n = 5953), 2013 (n = 5490), and 2017 (n = 5785). History of testing for HIV in the last 12 months was the primary outcome variable. HIV testing was examined among those with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviours (i.e., having multiple sex partnerships, injection drug use practices, or a history of having a tattoo). The outcome variable was divided into three categories: Never tested for HIV, ever tested for HIV inside the prison in the last 12 months, and ever tested for HIV outside the prison in the last 12 months. We used multivariable multinomial logistic regression models to examine fa...
Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a threat to patients. Accurate surveillanc... more Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a threat to patients. Accurate surveillance is required to identify and prevent HAIs. To estimate the incidence rate, report the accuracy and identify the barriers of reporting HAIs using a mixed-method study. Methods In this quantitative study, we externally evaluated the incidence rate and accuracy of the routine surveillance system in one of the main hospitals by an active follow-up of patients from September to December 2021. We used in-depth interviews with 18 experts to identify the barriers of the routine surveillance system. Results Among 404 hospitalized patients, 88 HAIs were detected. The estimated rate of HAIs was 17.1 (95% Confidence Intervals 95: 14.1, 21.1) per 1000 patient-days follow-up. However, in the same period, 116 HAIs were reported by the routine surveillance system, but the agreement between the two approaches was low (sensitivity = 61.4%, specificity = 82.6%, negative predictive value = 89.7%, and posit...
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews
Background: COVID-19 has been a major concern for people and healthcare systems since its emergen... more Background: COVID-19 has been a major concern for people and healthcare systems since its emergence in China in December 2019. Patients with medical diseases are at a higher risk of severe disease development and mortality. Cancer patients are more vulnerable to infections. Several studies demonstrated that COVID-19 is associated with a greater risk of morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. However, the risk factors for mortality among these patients are still unknown. Objective: This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with in-hospital death among cancer patients with COVID-19. Method: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed demographic data, clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of cancer patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in three tertiary referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran from February to May 2020. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction testing and computed tomography scan findings. Data an...
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Co-morbid depression and coronary artery disease (CAD) is highly prevalent. The aim of present st... more Co-morbid depression and coronary artery disease (CAD) is highly prevalent. The aim of present study was to assess the prevalence of depression among patients with CAD and associated factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in southern Iran. During 2013, a total of 100 patients were selected using convenience sampling. Beck depression inventory (BDI) was distributed among patients with CAD. Patients with depression score below 9 were considered as healthy subjects and those with score of 9-18, 19-29, 30-40 and above 40 were characterized as mild, moderate, severe and very severe depression. The mean age of participants was 52.3 ± 10.19. The cumulative depression score of participants was 17.8 ± 9.19. A number of 18 patients did not meet the criterion for depression, while 42%, 38% and 12% suffered from mild, moderate and severe depression, respectively. Depression had significant correlation with lower educational level, lower income, unemployment and patients who lived alo...
Universities have two main roles: education and research. There must be an interaction and balanc... more Universities have two main roles: education and research. There must be an interaction and balance between these two roles so that the university can progress. It is of great importance to study the research obstacles in all fields of study. The researchers in these fields have the responsibility of understanding these obstacles. This survey was conducted in 2014. A search was conducted in available scientific databases in Iran such as SID, IranMedex, Medlibe, Google Scholar and Pubmed. The following keywords were used in the searching process: professor, professors, faculty, student, students, nurse, obstetrician, employee, medicine, medical sciences, research, study, research project, obstacles, deterrent and Iran. 34 papers were found, six of which were eliminated in the end. Organizational barriers had the most impact on professors' reluctance toward research. Among the students, nurses and obstetricians, both organizational and personal issues played a role. Although, in th...
Abstract: Background: Sensation seeking is used to describe general features including high risk ... more Abstract: Background: Sensation seeking is used to describe general features including high risk behaviors and inability to tolerate boredom. This study was conducted to investigate the relations between sensation seeking and stress among students of Bandar Abbas. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 400 students who had all the enrollment criteria were chosen by cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: The study showed that the mean excitement score was 16.66 ± 3.39 and with a maximum score of 27 and a minimum score of 8. Also, the mean score of experiment seeking was 7.70 ± 1.86 with a maximum score of 13 and a minimum score of 3. The mean score of tolerance towards boredom was 2.22 ± 1.3 with a maximum score of 9 and a minimum of 0. The mean score of escape inhibition was 1.34 ± 0.226 (max: 2, min:0). Among all the participants, 35.3% had a moderate sensation seeking and above, and 71% had moderate stress. Conclusion: According to the results of the...
Although worldwide prevention and community information about AIDS has been developed in recent d... more Although worldwide prevention and community information about AIDS has been developed in recent decades, it is still considered as a problem for public health. Dental students are at increased risk for HIV infection because of overutilization and unsafe injections during surgery or other procedures. Knowledge of dental students about HIV infection and its transmission ways is an important subject in health care system. The purpose of current study was to evaluate knowledge of dental students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. This was a cross sectional study carried out among all of the dental students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (HUMS) in 2012-2013. A questionnaire containing demographic question (age, gender) and 20 questions (7 general questions and 13 specialized questions ) about knowledge toward HIV/AIDS was distributed among the participants. Data was analyzed by frequency, one way t-test, chi-square and spearman correlation test using the SPSS (V.19...
Today malignancy causes many mortality around all of the word, primary or secondary malignancy im... more Today malignancy causes many mortality around all of the word, primary or secondary malignancy imposed economic and emotional costs to patients, families and the community. Several etiology have been reported for malignancy, like genetics, microorganism (bacteria, viruses) and etc. Viruses are known as microorganisms causing various diseases, cancers and malignancies such as cervical cancer and liver cancer. Today, different investigations are conducted on the presence of viruses as an etiology of prostate cancer. In this review article, it will be indicated that viruses including HPV, HSV and XMRV are more recognized as involved in prostate cancer. Other viruses such as BKV, ADV, CMV, SD-MSV, JCV and EBV have also been investigated. Generally speaking, whether or not any of these viral factors are oncogenes for prostate cancer has not been proved. Research findings have been divergent. It seems that conducting studies through specific and similar procedures and consideration of fac...
A myriad of diseases in military bases have made individuals visit medical clinics. Among them ar... more A myriad of diseases in military bases have made individuals visit medical clinics. Among them are orthopedic diseases such as stress fractures, infectious disease such as mycoplasma pneumonia and neisseria meningitis and dermatologic diseases including scabies, lice and athlete's foot. Not only can these diseases spread easily among individuals in military bases, but they can also cause problems for their families. Raising the awareness of soldiers, army officers and others who work in these environments with such prevalent diseases can, to a great extent, prevent the epidemic among soldiers, their family and other members of the society. Also, vaccination against transmittable infectious disease like pneumonia and meningitidis can dramatically reduce the prevalence of this fatal disease in military forces and military bases. (Ghasemzadeh I, Zare Shahri R, Namazi SSh, Ghasemzadeh A. A review of common diseases in military bases. Life Sci J 2014;11(8s):522-529). (ISSN:1097-8135)...
Journal of Medicine and Life, 2015
Dogs are a major reservoir for zoonotic infections. Dogs transmit several viral and bacterial dis... more Dogs are a major reservoir for zoonotic infections. Dogs transmit several viral and bacterial diseases to humans. Zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to human by infected saliva, aerosols, contaminated urine or feces and direct contact with the dog. Viral infections such as rabies and norovirus and bacterial infections including Pasteurella, Salmonella, Brucella, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira, Staphylococcus intermedius and Methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureus are the most common viral and bacterial zoonotic infections transmitted to humans by dogs. This review, focused on the mentioned infectious diseases by describing general information, signs and symptoms, transmission ways, prevention and treatment of the infection. As far as the infections are concerned, the increase of the knowledge and the awareness of dog owners and the general population regarding zoonotic infections could significa...
International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2016
Co-infection with Hepatitis B (HBV) virus and HIV is common due to similarity of their transmissi... more Co-infection with Hepatitis B (HBV) virus and HIV is common due to similarity of their transmission methods. However, the prevalence of concurrent infection in different societies, shows the crucial role of various risk factors in different populations. Therefore, the present study was performed to examine risk factors of transmission of HBV in patients with HIV in a care center for AIDS patients in Rasht City. This case-control study was carried out on 60 HIV positive patients, who visited the Infectious Diseases Center of Razi Hospital of Rasht from November, 2015 to March, 2016. Participants were assigned to two 30-member experiment and control groups. They were adjusted in terms of age group (18-30, 30-40, 40-50, and 50-60), gender (male and female), and marital status (married, single, divorced, and widowed) and visited by an infectious diseases specialist according to routine examinations. Data was recorded in a questionnaire for each subject. The mean age for the experimental...
Helicobacter Pylori is the most prevalent Bacterial diarrhea is one of the most important issues ... more Helicobacter Pylori is the most prevalent Bacterial diarrhea is one of the most important issues of general health. According to WHO, 4.5 billion cases of diarrhea occur each year. During 2002, 1.8 million cases of diarrheal disease led to death. Approximately, 99% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The most common isolated pathogens are Shigella species. Almost five to 15 percent of all diarrhea cases are related to Shigella and 1.1 million patients face death. Two thirds of mortality cases occur among children below five years old . Shigella is a gram negative intra-cellular pathogen. Shigella species are transmitted through fecal oral route. These bacteria have high multiplicity and ten to 100 bacteria are enough for infection. Infection with this pathogen induces a severe acute inflammatory bowel disease which is diagnosed with watery diarrhea and purulent discharge. Colon biopsy reveals infiltration of inflammatory cells, tissue edema, epithelium destruction, and in...
Journal of Medicine and Life, 2015
Introduction: In recent years, medical education has changed dramatically and many medical school... more Introduction: In recent years, medical education has changed dramatically and many medical schools in the world have been trying for expand modern training methods. Purpose of the research is to appraise the medical students of teacher-based and student-based teaching methods in Infectious diseases course, in the Medical School of Hormozgan Medical Sciences University. Methods: In this interventional study, a total of 52 medical scholars that used Section in this Infectious diseases course were included. About 50% of this course was presented by a teacher-based teaching method (lecture) and 50% by a student-based teaching method (problem-based learning). The satisfaction of students regarding these methods was assessed by a questionnaire and a test was used to measure their learning. information are examined with using SPSS 19 and paired t-test. Results: The satisfaction of students of student-based teaching method (problem-based learning) was more positive than their satisfaction o...
Oral lesions of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a leading cause of ... more Oral lesions of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a leading cause of morbidity among afflicted patients. In this study we summarized the most prevalent oral infections among HIV patients and the appropriate treatments. The most common infection is candidiasis followed by viral infection. The oral lesions have direct association with CD4 lymphocyte count. Also, these conditions are seen less in populations with ART medications. HIV infected patients with oral lesion should be diagnosed and receive appropriate treatment.
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is suggested to play a role in dyspepsia. The aim o... more Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is suggested to play a role in dyspepsia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of H. pylori, in dyspeptic patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 patients with dyspepsia in Iran (2006-2007). The patients were selected using convenience sampling method. Data was collected using ROME III criteria questionnaire. Patients who consumed antibiotics one month before the study were excluded. Urea breath test (UBT) was performed for diagnosis of H. pylori infection and patients with a UBT value above 25 were considered as positive for H. pylori infection. Results: Among 782 patients, 540 (69%) were female and 242 (31%) were male, with the average age of 35.3±18. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 72.1% (564). There was a significant correlation between H.pylori with age and gender (p 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori in southern Iran is higher than other areas. Screening and treating pa...
Abstract: Prisoners are one of the high risk groups for HIV transmission. They are at increased r... more Abstract: Prisoners are one of the high risk groups for HIV transmission. They are at increased risk for HV infection due to high risk behaviors such as injecting drug using, needle/syringe exchange, tattooing, and unsafe sexual contact. The prevalence of HIV infection in Iran has been increased in recent decades while, the prevention strategies also are widely implemented in Iran. In this review, the results of searched literatures demonstrated that the major risk factor for HIV infection and transmission in prison inmates in injecting drug user, followed by tattooing and even razor sharing. The results showed that history of unsafe sexual contact with men or women inside or outside the prison is not a major risk factor for HIV infection. Whoever, we should consider that the recent risk factor may be under reported by prisoners because of disgraceful behavior. [Ghasemzadeh I, Zare Shahri R, Namazi SA, Sadeghi P, Namazi SSh, Ghasemzadeh A. Review of HIV risk factors in prison inmate...
Hepatitis Monthly, 2016
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus (H... more Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are transmitted by blood transfusion. Thus, hemodialysis (HD) patients are more prone to become the carriers of these infections due to their treatment demands. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HBV and HIV infections among HD patients in Bandar Abbas, Iran, 2015. Patients and Methods: A total of 153 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing HD at Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas were examined for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus, and anti-HIV over a period of 2 months. Thereafter, all of the specimens were evaluated for HBV-DNA, HDV-RNA and HIV-RNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and further techniques. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 12 for Windows with the t-test and chi-square (χ 2) test. Results: Both kinds of assay determined that nine (5.88%) patients were HBV positive (HBsAg-positive), whereas no HIV-and HDV-positive patients were diagnosed. All of the diagnosed HBV samples belonged to genotype D; the prevalence of HBV is associated with age, duration of HD, history of blood transfusion, and using shared HD devices. Conclusions: In conclusion, the prevalence of HBV infection was low in the south of Iran, but genotype D represented the major HBV genotype in this population. Among the variables, age, duration of HD, history of blood transfusion, and using shared HD devices influenced the prevalence of HBV among HD patients.
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Papers by Iman Ghasemzadeh