History of nasal packing after nasal surgery dates back to 1847, the time of Gustav Killian and O... more History of nasal packing after nasal surgery dates back to 1847, the time of Gustav Killian and Otto Tiger Freer, yet systematic submucosal resection (SMR) and nasal packing started in 1882 by Ephraim and Peterson 1-4. Different packing methods have been used, such as paraffin gauze, Vaseline gauze, bismuth iodoform paraffin paste, glove fingers and merocel 2,5-7. The use of nasal packs after septoplasty is based on the assumption that nasal packing decreases postoperative hemorrhage and septal hematoma formation, supports septal flap apposition and prevents synechiae 5,7,8. However, there is no evidence to support these benefits 5,7,8. Although, it was found that nasal packing is not innocuous. The morbidities associated with the use of nasal packs include compromised nasal breathing, dryness of mouth, nasal valve narrowing, vestibulitis, crusting, synechiae formation, headache, watering from eyes, ear blockage, throat irritation, difficulty in swallowing, hypoxia, hypoxemia, secondary infection, increased hospital stay, increased blood pressure, toxic shock syndrome and death 4,9-12. In addition, severe pain is experienced by patients during pack removal. Although this pain lasts for a short duration, it stays clearly in their mind; some patients said, "it was the most painful experience of their life" 8,13,14. Therefore, it has been suggested to minimize the use
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis which prog... more Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis which progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) afflicting > 170 million people worldwide. HCV 3a is the most common genotype (about 70% of all genotypes) circulating in Pakistan. Expression of HCV individual gene of 3a would facilitate therapeutic and vaccines strategies against chronic HCV and liver Cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was the establishment of stable Huh-7 cell lines expressing structural and non structural proteins of HCV Genotype 3a Pakistani isolate obtained from chronic HCV patients. Methods Blood samples were obtained from chronic HCV-3a positive patients. HCV individual genes were amplified using PCR with gene specific primers having restriction sites. These gene amplicons were cloned in mammalian expression vector PcDNA3.1+. Huh-7 cell lines were transfected with these constructed plasmids having structural or non-structural HCV genes in confluent cells with lipofectamine. Positive clones were selected with G418 and then confirmed by genome PCR. Subsequently, transcription and expression of the integrated genes were demonstrated by RT-PCR, sequencing and Western blot analysis. Results We successfully cloned and express five HCV-3a genes in PcDNA3.1+ mammalian expression vector. Results of western blot and sequencing PCR confirmed the stable expression of these five genes. Conclusion The stable cell-lines expressing HCV-3a individual genes would be a useful tool to investigate the role of various HCV proteins on HCV disease outcome and testing of new therapeutic strategies against HCV.
History of nasal packing after nasal surgery dates back to 1847, the time of Gustav Killian and O... more History of nasal packing after nasal surgery dates back to 1847, the time of Gustav Killian and Otto Tiger Freer, yet systematic submucosal resection (SMR) and nasal packing started in 1882 by Ephraim and Peterson 1-4. Different packing methods have been used, such as paraffin gauze, Vaseline gauze, bismuth iodoform paraffin paste, glove fingers and merocel 2,5-7. The use of nasal packs after septoplasty is based on the assumption that nasal packing decreases postoperative hemorrhage and septal hematoma formation, supports septal flap apposition and prevents synechiae 5,7,8. However, there is no evidence to support these benefits 5,7,8. Although, it was found that nasal packing is not innocuous. The morbidities associated with the use of nasal packs include compromised nasal breathing, dryness of mouth, nasal valve narrowing, vestibulitis, crusting, synechiae formation, headache, watering from eyes, ear blockage, throat irritation, difficulty in swallowing, hypoxia, hypoxemia, secondary infection, increased hospital stay, increased blood pressure, toxic shock syndrome and death 4,9-12. In addition, severe pain is experienced by patients during pack removal. Although this pain lasts for a short duration, it stays clearly in their mind; some patients said, "it was the most painful experience of their life" 8,13,14. Therefore, it has been suggested to minimize the use
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis which prog... more Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis which progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) afflicting > 170 million people worldwide. HCV 3a is the most common genotype (about 70% of all genotypes) circulating in Pakistan. Expression of HCV individual gene of 3a would facilitate therapeutic and vaccines strategies against chronic HCV and liver Cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was the establishment of stable Huh-7 cell lines expressing structural and non structural proteins of HCV Genotype 3a Pakistani isolate obtained from chronic HCV patients. Methods Blood samples were obtained from chronic HCV-3a positive patients. HCV individual genes were amplified using PCR with gene specific primers having restriction sites. These gene amplicons were cloned in mammalian expression vector PcDNA3.1+. Huh-7 cell lines were transfected with these constructed plasmids having structural or non-structural HCV genes in confluent cells with lipofectamine. Positive clones were selected with G418 and then confirmed by genome PCR. Subsequently, transcription and expression of the integrated genes were demonstrated by RT-PCR, sequencing and Western blot analysis. Results We successfully cloned and express five HCV-3a genes in PcDNA3.1+ mammalian expression vector. Results of western blot and sequencing PCR confirmed the stable expression of these five genes. Conclusion The stable cell-lines expressing HCV-3a individual genes would be a useful tool to investigate the role of various HCV proteins on HCV disease outcome and testing of new therapeutic strategies against HCV.
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Papers by Hussain IDREES