The operational scheme of the smoke control system has to meet the requirement for uni-direction ... more The operational scheme of the smoke control system has to meet the requirement for uni-direction traffic and bidirection traffic arrangement. Evacuation analysis has been carried out to determine the operational procedure of the smoke control system under different traffic modes.
Buildings within the yard shall conform to the requirements specified for similar premises in acc... more Buildings within the yard shall conform to the requirements specified for similar premises in accordance with this Code. Definition of Dynamic smoke extraction system Definition in Part II of FSI Code: • Dynamic smoke extraction system means: • A mechanical ventilating system capable of removing smoke and products of combustion from a designated fire compartment, and also supplying fresh air in such a manner as to maintain a specified smoke free zone below the smoke layer.
General definition: 1. the phenomenon of combustion manifested in light, flame, and heat. 2. a ma... more General definition: 1. the phenomenon of combustion manifested in light, flame, and heat. 2. a mass of burning fuel, e.g. in a fireplace or furnace. 3. destructive burning, e.g. of a building or forest, or an instance of this. 4. brilliancy or luminosity. A fire is associated with combustion, light, flame and heat. A not uncommon misconception is that fire is solely associated with, or characterised by, burning, or flame, or heat. BS 4422: Part 1 and the corresponding ISO Standard defines fire as: 1. Process of combustion characterized by the emission of heat accompanied by smoke or flame or both. 2. Combustion spreading uncontrolled in time and space. Definition of Smoke General definition: • A visible suspension of carbon etc. in air, emitted from a burning substance. Or • The gaseous products of burning carbon-containing materials, made visible by the presence of small particles of carbon. Definition in In the fire safety engineering field BS 4422 Part 1 and the corresponding ISO Standard: • A visible suspension in atmosphere of solid and/or liquid particles resulting from combustion or pyrolysis. An introduction to fire dynamics by Drysdale: • The gaseous products of burning organic materials in which small solid and liquid particles are also dispersed. Smoke is the primary contributor of the fatality in fire. Most of the fire victims succumb to smoke inhalation. Fuel and Heat Fuel: • A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as heat energy or to be used for work. • In Building fire, fuel means combustible materials in building, including timber, fabric, plastic, ... made furniture and furnishing materials. Heat: • In thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamics work. • The mechanisms of heat transfer include convection, conduction, and radiation. • In fire, heat energy causes fire spread from one place to another, damage structure, and threat human life.
Covers the passive building design Means of escape Fire resisting construction Means of acc... more Covers the passive building design Means of escape Fire resisting construction Means of access for fire fighting Enforcement of the codes is undertaken by the Buildings Department authorized persons to certify that the works are in accordance with the regulations 11 Each time an incident has occurred Government incrementally created legislations to deal with the particular circumstances of the case Incremental approach 2. Legislations following fatal fires 12 Sep 1984, Factory fire in Aberdeen (40 injured) Oct 1986, Fur factory fire in Kwai Chung (14 dead, 8 injured) Leading to the enactment of Sec 9 Fire Services Ordinance amended making the blocking of fire escapes an offence Enacted Occupational Safety and Health Council Ordinance 1988 leading to the increase of factory inspectors and setting up new units in Labour Department to promote industrial safety Legislations following fatal fires 13 Feb 1988, Chung King Mansions Guesthouse fire (1 tourist dead) + Aug 1988 Mirador Mansions Guesthouse (1 foreign resident dead) Sep 1990, Private Mahjong club fire (6 dead, 24 injured) Enacted Hotel and Guesthouse Accommodation Ordinance 1991 After inspecting 660 clubs, the Clubs (Safety of Premises) Ordinance 1991 was enacted Legislations following fatal fires 93 Regulations related to Lifts and Escalators Code of Practice on the Design and Construction of Lifts and Escalators Regulations related to Electrical Installations CAP 406 Electricity Ordinance CoP for the Electricity (Wiring) Regulations, by Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) Supply Rules of the two power supply companies-The Hongkong Electric Co., Ltd. and China Light and Power (CLP) IEE Wiring regulations 94 Mainly Transformer rooms /Switchrooms in consumer substation in building Gas flooding system layout for the transformer room /switchroom must be sent to the power companies for approval before tendering Comments from the power companies must be compiled with Inspectors from power companies will inspect the transformer room /HV switch room including the F.S.I. before they will accept the room for installing transformer /switchgear Drawing To be approved by CLP/HEC before installing FSI Power companies-request as-fitted drawings after FSD inspection is satisfactory (for record purpose). 95 Other codes related to fire safety Labour Department-HK Law Cap 59 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Fire safety for industrial plants in operation) The H.K. Radiation Board of the Medical and Health Department (Smoke Detector Installation and Storage) Port Works (fire safety of seaside pump house etc.
The operational scheme of the smoke control system has to meet the requirement for uni-direction ... more The operational scheme of the smoke control system has to meet the requirement for uni-direction traffic and bidirection traffic arrangement. Evacuation analysis has been carried out to determine the operational procedure of the smoke control system under different traffic modes.
Buildings within the yard shall conform to the requirements specified for similar premises in acc... more Buildings within the yard shall conform to the requirements specified for similar premises in accordance with this Code. Definition of Dynamic smoke extraction system Definition in Part II of FSI Code: • Dynamic smoke extraction system means: • A mechanical ventilating system capable of removing smoke and products of combustion from a designated fire compartment, and also supplying fresh air in such a manner as to maintain a specified smoke free zone below the smoke layer.
General definition: 1. the phenomenon of combustion manifested in light, flame, and heat. 2. a ma... more General definition: 1. the phenomenon of combustion manifested in light, flame, and heat. 2. a mass of burning fuel, e.g. in a fireplace or furnace. 3. destructive burning, e.g. of a building or forest, or an instance of this. 4. brilliancy or luminosity. A fire is associated with combustion, light, flame and heat. A not uncommon misconception is that fire is solely associated with, or characterised by, burning, or flame, or heat. BS 4422: Part 1 and the corresponding ISO Standard defines fire as: 1. Process of combustion characterized by the emission of heat accompanied by smoke or flame or both. 2. Combustion spreading uncontrolled in time and space. Definition of Smoke General definition: • A visible suspension of carbon etc. in air, emitted from a burning substance. Or • The gaseous products of burning carbon-containing materials, made visible by the presence of small particles of carbon. Definition in In the fire safety engineering field BS 4422 Part 1 and the corresponding ISO Standard: • A visible suspension in atmosphere of solid and/or liquid particles resulting from combustion or pyrolysis. An introduction to fire dynamics by Drysdale: • The gaseous products of burning organic materials in which small solid and liquid particles are also dispersed. Smoke is the primary contributor of the fatality in fire. Most of the fire victims succumb to smoke inhalation. Fuel and Heat Fuel: • A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as heat energy or to be used for work. • In Building fire, fuel means combustible materials in building, including timber, fabric, plastic, ... made furniture and furnishing materials. Heat: • In thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamics work. • The mechanisms of heat transfer include convection, conduction, and radiation. • In fire, heat energy causes fire spread from one place to another, damage structure, and threat human life.
Covers the passive building design Means of escape Fire resisting construction Means of acc... more Covers the passive building design Means of escape Fire resisting construction Means of access for fire fighting Enforcement of the codes is undertaken by the Buildings Department authorized persons to certify that the works are in accordance with the regulations 11 Each time an incident has occurred Government incrementally created legislations to deal with the particular circumstances of the case Incremental approach 2. Legislations following fatal fires 12 Sep 1984, Factory fire in Aberdeen (40 injured) Oct 1986, Fur factory fire in Kwai Chung (14 dead, 8 injured) Leading to the enactment of Sec 9 Fire Services Ordinance amended making the blocking of fire escapes an offence Enacted Occupational Safety and Health Council Ordinance 1988 leading to the increase of factory inspectors and setting up new units in Labour Department to promote industrial safety Legislations following fatal fires 13 Feb 1988, Chung King Mansions Guesthouse fire (1 tourist dead) + Aug 1988 Mirador Mansions Guesthouse (1 foreign resident dead) Sep 1990, Private Mahjong club fire (6 dead, 24 injured) Enacted Hotel and Guesthouse Accommodation Ordinance 1991 After inspecting 660 clubs, the Clubs (Safety of Premises) Ordinance 1991 was enacted Legislations following fatal fires 93 Regulations related to Lifts and Escalators Code of Practice on the Design and Construction of Lifts and Escalators Regulations related to Electrical Installations CAP 406 Electricity Ordinance CoP for the Electricity (Wiring) Regulations, by Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) Supply Rules of the two power supply companies-The Hongkong Electric Co., Ltd. and China Light and Power (CLP) IEE Wiring regulations 94 Mainly Transformer rooms /Switchrooms in consumer substation in building Gas flooding system layout for the transformer room /switchroom must be sent to the power companies for approval before tendering Comments from the power companies must be compiled with Inspectors from power companies will inspect the transformer room /HV switch room including the F.S.I. before they will accept the room for installing transformer /switchgear Drawing To be approved by CLP/HEC before installing FSI Power companies-request as-fitted drawings after FSD inspection is satisfactory (for record purpose). 95 Other codes related to fire safety Labour Department-HK Law Cap 59 Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Fire safety for industrial plants in operation) The H.K. Radiation Board of the Medical and Health Department (Smoke Detector Installation and Storage) Port Works (fire safety of seaside pump house etc.
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