In Search of Sugihara: The Elusive Japanese Diplomat Who Risked His Life to Rescue 10,000 Jews from the Holocaust (review)
Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies, 1997
all had a long tradition of welcoming immigrants, so long as they were white and of European orig... more all had a long tradition of welcoming immigrants, so long as they were white and of European origin. And with the exception of Newfoundland all had relatively tolerant migration policies. Yet when it came to Jews, undoubtedly the most desperate immigrants of the twentieth century, all outdid one another in devising excuses why Jews were unacceptable. Each produced public opinion polls, or argued the need for national unity, or pleaded poverty or lack of employment possibilities, or the need to follow the example of the Mother Country to rationalize the clanging shut of their immigration gates. But what united them was a consuming antisemitism that permeated <ill of these countries to such an extent that they literally vied with one another to determine who would allow in the fewest Jews. The hands-down winner of this dubious contest was Newfoundland, which apparently admitted none. Perhaps the most telling irony of this period is that in providing a haven to the persecuted European Jewish community the democratic nations of the Commonwealth proved no more generous-and indeed most were far less generous-than autocratic states. The closed societies in Latin America were far more welcoming and hospitable than the open and free societies of the English-speaking world. And for a very good reason. Democratic leaders feared public opinion polls; autocratic leaders did not. Policies which were unpopular with the electorate could defeat governments. Most Commonwealth politicians knew that there were few votes to be won by admitting large numbers of Jews, and many to be lost. None, as this book makes clear, were foolhardy enough to challenge public opinion or to try to change it. As much as anything else it was this pusillanimous leadership in the countries of the Commonwealth that made them "false havens." Irving Abella Department of History York University, Toronto
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