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Henry Muccini

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Fabrizio Silvestri

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)

Kinjal Chaudhari

Nirma University of Science and Technology

Damianos Gavalas

University of the Aegean

konstantinos koukoulis

University of Patras

Charalampos Konstantopoulos

Angélica de Antonio

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Charalampos Konstantopoulos

University of Melbourne

Abdurahman Baizal

Telkom University

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Papers by Henry Muccini

CATRES: a Context-Aware Recommender System for Indoor and Outdoor Museums Tours Planning

Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 2019

Tourism is a rich and growing activity in the world. The digital support of the tourist experienc... more Tourism is a rich and growing activity in the world. The digital support of the tourist experience is typically based on Tourist Recommender Systems (TRS). Widely spread TRSs typically recommend the visit of a set of Point of Interests (POIs). Unfortunately, some of these have also proved inappropriate because they do not consider in detail the indoor visit of a POI, such as a museum, which may contain several artworks and may have limited or regulated access. In this paper, we present our ongoing work on a Context-Aware Touristic Recommender System (CATReS). It provides an outdoor recommendation to select POIs suitable for a visit, as well as an indoor recommendation to select the artwork to visit. The overall recommendations are based on contextual information coming from both visitors' profile and the POIs' contextual information (e.g., the waiting time to access the museum, the average time to visit it). Our tour recommendation system is available and is being experimented at the Uffizi Galleries (Florence, Italy).

Executive Summary: Da gstuhl Seminar 10111 on Practical Software Testing: Tool Automation and Human Factors March 14-19, 2010

The main goal of the seminar "Practical Software Testing: Tool Automation and Human Factors" was ... more The main goal of the seminar "Practical Software Testing: Tool Automation and Human Factors" was to bring together academics working on algorithms, methods, and techniques for practical software testing, with practitioners, interested in developing more soundly-based and well-understood testing processes and practices. The seminar's purpose was to make researchers aware of industry's problems, and practitioners aware of research approaches. The seminar focused in particular on testing automation and human factors: Tool automation. Automation of testing is a crucial concern in industry. It is only with automation that testing becomes practical and scalable to the size of a typical system with which the industry has to deal. Test automation or tool support spans the spectrum from test planning, generation, minimization, execution, oracle checking, to management. Test automation can exploit not only knowledge from the code under test but also from available models or specifications. Human factors. Human factors play important roles in software testing. Given the code under test, tools can try to automate the generation of test inputs as much as possible, but test oracles still need to come from testers, who specify them in the form of specifications, properties, or test assertions, or directly inspect the actual test outputs for correctness. In addition, tools are not always perfect to deal with software complexity; testers need to cooperate with tools to effectively carry out testing tasks, by giving guidance to tools and interpreting results produced by tools. Thus testers need to be well trained.

Behavioral Science and Diversity in Software Engineering

IEEE Software, Mar 1, 2021

When industry meets Education 4.0: What do Computer Science companies need from Higher Education?

Ninth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM'21), Oct 26, 2021

For guidance on citations see FAQs.

Quality Assurance Technologies of Big Data Applications: A Systematic Literature Review

Applied sciences, Nov 13, 2020

Big data applications are currently used in many application domains, ranging from statistical ap... more Big data applications are currently used in many application domains, ranging from statistical applications to prediction systems and smart cities. However, the quality of these applications is far from perfect, such as functional error, failure and low performance. Consequently, assuring the overall quality for big data applications plays an increasingly important role. This paper aims at summarizing and assessing existing quality assurance (QA) technologies addressing quality issues in big data applications. We have conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) by searching major scientific databases, resulting in 83 primary and relevant studies on QA technologies for big data applications. The SLR results reveal the following main findings: (1) the quality attributes that are focused for the quality of big data applications, including correctness, performance, availability, scalability and reliability, and the factors influencing them; (2) the existing implementation-specific QA technologies, including specification, architectural choice and fault tolerance, and the process-specific QA technologies, including analysis, verification, testing, monitoring and fault and failure prediction; (3) existing strengths and limitations of each kind of QA technology; (4) the existing empirical evidence of each QA technology. This study provides a solid foundation for research on QA technologies of big data applications and can help developers of big data applications apply suitable QA technologies.

Visitors flow management at Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy

Information Technology & Tourism

We present a data-driven solution to manage visitors’ access at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, I... more We present a data-driven solution to manage visitors’ access at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. The goal is to avoid the long lines outside the Museum, improving not only visitors’ experience, but also decency and security in the urban area. The solution implements a queue management system based on two data analytics models, one predictive and one prescriptive, which determine the entry time of each visitor. The system, which requires a minimal hardware and software infrastructure, was on the field from October 2018 to January 2020 during the most crowded visiting days, namely the free access days. First we report on the whole design and implementation process, then we show the solutions effectiveness and discuss the lesson learned.

AUTOMOCK: Automated Synthesis of a Mock Environment for Test Case Generation

During testing, there are several reasons to exclude some of the components used by the unit unde... more During testing, there are several reasons to exclude some of the components used by the unit under test, such as: (1) the component affects the state of the world in an irreversible way; (2) the component is not accessible for testing purposes (e.g., a web service); (3) the component introduces a major performance degradation to the testing phase (e.g., due to long computations); (4) it is hard (i.e., statistically unlikely) to obtain the output required by the test from the component. In such cases, we replace the component with a mock one. In this paper, we integrate the synthesis of mock components with the generation of test cases for the current testing goal (e.g., coverage). To avoid the generation of meaningless data, which may lead to assertion violation not related to bugs, we include a weak mock postcondition. We consider ways to automatically synthesize such postcondition. We empirically evaluate the quality of the mocks generated by our approach, as well as the benefits ...

Computing and Diagnosing Changes in Unit Test Energy Consumption

Many developers have reason to be concerned with with power consumption. For example, mobile app ... more Many developers have reason to be concerned with with power consumption. For example, mobile app developers want to minimize how much power their applications draw, while still providing useful functionality. However, developers have few tools to get feedback about changes to their application's power consumption behavior as they implement an application and make changes to it over time. We present a tool that, using a team's existing test cases, performs repeated measurements of energy consumption based on instructions executed, objects generated, and blocking latency, generating a distribution of energy use estimates for each test run, recording these distributions in a time series of distributions over time. Then, when these distributions change substantially, we inform the developer of this change, and offer them diagnostic information about the elements of their code potentially responsible for the change and the inputs responsible. Through this information, we believe ...

Model-based Testing: Next Generation Functional Software Testing

The idea of model-based testing is to use an explicit abstract model of a SUT and its environment... more The idea of model-based testing is to use an explicit abstract model of a SUT and its environment to automatically derive tests for the SUT: the behavior of the model of the SUT is interpreted as the intended behavior of the SUT. The technology of automated model-based test case generation has matured to the point where large-scale deployments of this technology are becoming commonplace. The prerequisites for success, such as qualification of the test team, integrated tool chain availability and methods, are now identified, and a wide range of commercial and open-source tools are available. Although MBT will not solve all testing problems, it is an important and useful technique, which brings significant progress over the state of the practice for functional software testing effectiveness, and can increase productivity and improve functional coverage. In this talk, we'll adress the current trend of deploying MBT in the industry, particularly in the TCoE - Test Center of Excellen...

Introducing Continuous Systematic Testing of Evolving Software

In today's evolutionary development of software, continuous testing is needed to ensure that ... more In today's evolutionary development of software, continuous testing is needed to ensure that the software is still functioning after changes. Test automation helps partly managing the large number of executions needed, but there is also a limit for how much automated tests may be executed. Then systematic approaches for test selection are needed also for automated tests. This manuscript defines this situation and outlines a general method and tool framework for its solution. Experiences from different companies are collected to illustrate how it may be set into practice.

Education 4.0 and Computer Science: A European perspective

Central European Conference on Information and Intelligent Systems, 2021

This systematic literature review aimed at identifying the pedagogical approaches, aligned with E... more This systematic literature review aimed at identifying the pedagogical approaches, aligned with Education 4.0, used to support teaching computer science courses with undergraduate and graduate students in Europe. A three-step coding process was conducted to identify and analyse 20 papers. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the selected papers revealed a three-cluster solution with common characteristics that could be used to describe those pedagogical approaches. The review also showed that the term Education 4.0 is still relatively new and has not been conceptualised in terms of computer science courses, although the characteristics of Education 4.0 are visible throughout the pedagogical approaches.

Applying a network flow model to quick and safe evacuation of people from a building: a real case

We present a computational component that allows to evaluate the minimum time necessary to evacua... more We present a computational component that allows to evaluate the minimum time necessary to evacuate people from a place (e.g., a public building). The space and time dimension are discretized according to metrics and models in literature. The component formulates and solves a linearized, time-indexed flow problem [3] on a network that represents feasible movements of people monitored at a suitable frequency. This computational component is the core part of an IoT infrastructure aimed at monitoring crowds in public spaces for planning evacuation paths. The CPU time to solve the model is compliant with real-time use. An application of the algorithm to a real location with real data is described, and diverse uses of the methodology are presented.

Practical Software Testing : Tool Automation and Human Factors Dagstuhl Seminar

From March 14, 2010 to March 19, 2010, the Dagstuhl Seminar 10111 Practical Software Testing : To... more From March 14, 2010 to March 19, 2010, the Dagstuhl Seminar 10111 Practical Software Testing : Tool Automation and Human Factors was held in Schloss Dagstuhl Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The rst section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.

Proceedings of the 2007 Workshop on Engineering Fault Tolerant Systems, EFTS 2007, Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 4, 2007

Software and hardware systems have become increasingly used in many industrial sectors, such as m... more Software and hardware systems have become increasingly used in many industrial sectors, such as manufacturing, energy supply, aerospace, transportation, communication and healthcare. Failures due to software or hardware malfunctions, users' mistakes and malicious intentions can have serious economics consequences, and can also endanger human life. Fault tolerance prevents system failures and is intended to ensure that it delivers the required service in spite of faults and errors which it might encounter and as such it is crucial for meeting high reliability and availability requirements. Fault tolerance engineering during the entire life cycle has been advocated by some researchers as one of the main approaches to ensuring the overall system dependability. In particular, different classes of faults, errors and failures must be identified and dealt with at each phase of software development, depending on the abstraction level used in modelling the software system under developme...

Modeling and Code Generation Framework for IoT

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2019

In the Internet of Things (IoT) every physical device has an embedded technology that interacts w... more In the Internet of Things (IoT) every physical device has an embedded technology that interacts with internal and external states. The heterogeneity of devices and networks complicates the mission of implementing and integrating the objects in IoT systems. In this paper, we present our model driven code generation framework, called CAPSml. The framework enables IoT designers and architects who are using CAPS environment to transform CAPS software model into ThingML model. CAPS is an architecture-driven modeling framework for the development of IoT Systems. ThingML includes modeling language and framework designed for IoT systems to support code generation for multi-platform targets.

Patterns for Self-Adaptation in Cyber-Physical Systems

Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems, 2017

Engineering Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is challenging, as these systems have to handle uncertai... more Engineering Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is challenging, as these systems have to handle uncertainty and change during operation. A typical approach to deal with uncertainty is enhancing the system with self-adaptation capabilities. However, realizing self-adaptation in CPS, and consequently also in Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) as a member of the CPS family, is particularly challenging due to the specific characteristics of these systems, including the seamless integration of computational and physical components, the inherent heterogeneity and large-scale of such systems, and their open-endedness. In this chapter we survey CPS studies that apply the promising design strategy of combining different self-adaptation mechanisms across the technology stack of the system. Based on the survey results, we derive recurring adaptation patterns that structure and consolidate design knowledge. The patterns offer problem-solution pairs to engineers for the design of future CPS and CPPS with self-adaptation capabilities. Finally, the chapter outlines the potential of Collective Intelligence Systems for CPPS and their engineering based on the survey results.

CAPS: Architecture Description of Situational Aware Cyber Physical Systems

2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA), 2017

This paper proposes CAPS, an architecture-drivenmodeling framework for the development of Situati... more This paper proposes CAPS, an architecture-drivenmodeling framework for the development of Situational AwareCyber-Physical Systems. Situational Awareness involves being aware of what ishappening in the surroundings, and using this informationto decide and act. It has been recognized as a critical, yet often elusive, foundation for successful decision-makingin complex systems. With the advent of cyber-physical systems(CPS), situational awareness is playing an increasinglyimportant role especially in crowd and fleets management, infrastructure monitoring, and smart city applications. Whilespecializing cyber physical systems, Situational Aware CPSrequires the continuous monitoring of environmental conditionsand events with respect to time and space. New architecturalconcerns arise, especially related to the sense, compute &communication paradigm, the use of domain-specific hardwarecomponents, and the cyber-physical space dimension. This work illustrates the CAPS modeling languages usedto describe the software architecture, hardware configuration, and physical space views for a situational aware CPS.

Continuous Data-driven Software Engineering - Towards a Research Agenda

ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 2019

The rapid pace with which software needs to be built, together with the increasing need to evalua... more The rapid pace with which software needs to be built, together with the increasing need to evaluate changes for end users both quantitatively and qualitatively calls for novel software engineering approaches that focus on short release cycles, continuous deployment and delivery, experiment-driven feature development, feedback from users, and rapid tool-assisted feedback to developers. To realize these approaches there is a need for research and innovation with respect to automation and tooling, and furthermore for research into the organizational changes that support flexible data-driven decision-making in the development lifecycle. Most importantly, deep synergies are needed between software engineers, managers, and data scientists. This paper reports on the results of the joint 5th International Workshop on Rapid Continuous Software Engineering (RCoSE 2019) and the 1st International Workshop on Data-Driven Decisions, Experimentation and Evolution (DDrEE 2019), which focuses on the...

Group decision-making in software architecture: A study on industrial practices

Information and Software Technology, 2018

Context: A Software Architecture results from a comprehensive process in which several stakeholde... more Context: A Software Architecture results from a comprehensive process in which several stakeholders deliberate upon the key requirements, issues, solutions and make architectural design decisions. Literature shows that most architectural decisions, in practice, are made in groups. Still, there is a limited understanding of industrial group decision-making practices in software architecture and the challenges that software architecture groups face. Objective: Our study, by drawing inspiration from group decision-making theories and models, aims at understanding (i) Existing decision-making practices in software architecture groups (ii) the comparison between practice and theory, (iii) the challenges that the groups face, and (iv) the satisfaction of group members with various aspects of Group Decision Making. Method: The study has been conducted through a questionnaire-based survey. 35 practitioners participated in this survey and the responses were analyzed qualitative and quantitatively. Results: The analysis of individual responses reveal that software architecture groups (composed, on average, of 3-5 co-located or dispersed members) adopt a discussion based approach while evaluating alternatives, thereby lacking a structured way of decision-making. In these groups, despite the involvement of group members in the discussions, the final decision is made by an individual of authority. Not only is structured decision-making less common, the usage of dedicated software tools for decision-making too is rare. These groups face challenges that are indicative of Groupthink and Group Polarization. Group members feel that quantity of alternatives generated during discussions and tool availability are below satisfactory and they have low satisfaction with the tool support available. Conclusion: This study has helped us develop an understanding of software architecture groups, their decisionmaking practices and challenges faced together with the satisfaction of group members. What the industry needs is integration of group decision-making principles into software architecture decision-making and design of decision-making tools that assist the architecture groups.

Self-adaptation for cyber-physical systems

Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, 2016

Context: Cyber-physical systems (CPS) seamlessly integrate computational and physical components.... more Context: Cyber-physical systems (CPS) seamlessly integrate computational and physical components. Adaptability, realized through feedback loops, is a key requirement to deal with uncertain operating conditions in CPS. Objective: We aim at assessing state-of-art approaches to handle self-adaptation in CPS at the architectural level. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review by searching four major scientific data bases, resulting in 1103 candidate studies and eventually retaining 42 primary studies included for data collection after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The primary concerns of adaptation in CPS are performance, flexibility, and reliability. 64% of the studies apply adaptation at the application layer and 24% at the middleware layer. MAPE (Monitor-Analyze-Plan-Execute) is the dominant adaptation mechanism (60%), followed by agents and self-organization (both 29%). Remarkably, 36% of the studies combine different mechanisms to realize adaptation; 17% combine MAPE with agents. The dominating application domain is energy (24%). Conclusions: Our findings show that adaptation in CPS is a cross-layer concern, where solutions combine different adaptation mechanisms within and across layers. This raises challenges for future research both in the field of CPS and self-adaptation, including: how to map concerns to layers and adaptation mechanisms, how to coordinate adaptation mechanisms within and across layers, and how to ensure system-wide consistency of adaptation.

CATRES: a Context-Aware Recommender System for Indoor and Outdoor Museums Tours Planning

Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 2019

Tourism is a rich and growing activity in the world. The digital support of the tourist experienc... more Tourism is a rich and growing activity in the world. The digital support of the tourist experience is typically based on Tourist Recommender Systems (TRS). Widely spread TRSs typically recommend the visit of a set of Point of Interests (POIs). Unfortunately, some of these have also proved inappropriate because they do not consider in detail the indoor visit of a POI, such as a museum, which may contain several artworks and may have limited or regulated access. In this paper, we present our ongoing work on a Context-Aware Touristic Recommender System (CATReS). It provides an outdoor recommendation to select POIs suitable for a visit, as well as an indoor recommendation to select the artwork to visit. The overall recommendations are based on contextual information coming from both visitors' profile and the POIs' contextual information (e.g., the waiting time to access the museum, the average time to visit it). Our tour recommendation system is available and is being experimented at the Uffizi Galleries (Florence, Italy).

Executive Summary: Da gstuhl Seminar 10111 on Practical Software Testing: Tool Automation and Human Factors March 14-19, 2010

The main goal of the seminar "Practical Software Testing: Tool Automation and Human Factors" was ... more The main goal of the seminar "Practical Software Testing: Tool Automation and Human Factors" was to bring together academics working on algorithms, methods, and techniques for practical software testing, with practitioners, interested in developing more soundly-based and well-understood testing processes and practices. The seminar's purpose was to make researchers aware of industry's problems, and practitioners aware of research approaches. The seminar focused in particular on testing automation and human factors: Tool automation. Automation of testing is a crucial concern in industry. It is only with automation that testing becomes practical and scalable to the size of a typical system with which the industry has to deal. Test automation or tool support spans the spectrum from test planning, generation, minimization, execution, oracle checking, to management. Test automation can exploit not only knowledge from the code under test but also from available models or specifications. Human factors. Human factors play important roles in software testing. Given the code under test, tools can try to automate the generation of test inputs as much as possible, but test oracles still need to come from testers, who specify them in the form of specifications, properties, or test assertions, or directly inspect the actual test outputs for correctness. In addition, tools are not always perfect to deal with software complexity; testers need to cooperate with tools to effectively carry out testing tasks, by giving guidance to tools and interpreting results produced by tools. Thus testers need to be well trained.

Behavioral Science and Diversity in Software Engineering

IEEE Software, Mar 1, 2021

When industry meets Education 4.0: What do Computer Science companies need from Higher Education?

Ninth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM'21), Oct 26, 2021

For guidance on citations see FAQs.

Quality Assurance Technologies of Big Data Applications: A Systematic Literature Review

Applied sciences, Nov 13, 2020

Big data applications are currently used in many application domains, ranging from statistical ap... more Big data applications are currently used in many application domains, ranging from statistical applications to prediction systems and smart cities. However, the quality of these applications is far from perfect, such as functional error, failure and low performance. Consequently, assuring the overall quality for big data applications plays an increasingly important role. This paper aims at summarizing and assessing existing quality assurance (QA) technologies addressing quality issues in big data applications. We have conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) by searching major scientific databases, resulting in 83 primary and relevant studies on QA technologies for big data applications. The SLR results reveal the following main findings: (1) the quality attributes that are focused for the quality of big data applications, including correctness, performance, availability, scalability and reliability, and the factors influencing them; (2) the existing implementation-specific QA technologies, including specification, architectural choice and fault tolerance, and the process-specific QA technologies, including analysis, verification, testing, monitoring and fault and failure prediction; (3) existing strengths and limitations of each kind of QA technology; (4) the existing empirical evidence of each QA technology. This study provides a solid foundation for research on QA technologies of big data applications and can help developers of big data applications apply suitable QA technologies.

Visitors flow management at Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy

Information Technology & Tourism

We present a data-driven solution to manage visitors’ access at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, I... more We present a data-driven solution to manage visitors’ access at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. The goal is to avoid the long lines outside the Museum, improving not only visitors’ experience, but also decency and security in the urban area. The solution implements a queue management system based on two data analytics models, one predictive and one prescriptive, which determine the entry time of each visitor. The system, which requires a minimal hardware and software infrastructure, was on the field from October 2018 to January 2020 during the most crowded visiting days, namely the free access days. First we report on the whole design and implementation process, then we show the solutions effectiveness and discuss the lesson learned.

AUTOMOCK: Automated Synthesis of a Mock Environment for Test Case Generation

During testing, there are several reasons to exclude some of the components used by the unit unde... more During testing, there are several reasons to exclude some of the components used by the unit under test, such as: (1) the component affects the state of the world in an irreversible way; (2) the component is not accessible for testing purposes (e.g., a web service); (3) the component introduces a major performance degradation to the testing phase (e.g., due to long computations); (4) it is hard (i.e., statistically unlikely) to obtain the output required by the test from the component. In such cases, we replace the component with a mock one. In this paper, we integrate the synthesis of mock components with the generation of test cases for the current testing goal (e.g., coverage). To avoid the generation of meaningless data, which may lead to assertion violation not related to bugs, we include a weak mock postcondition. We consider ways to automatically synthesize such postcondition. We empirically evaluate the quality of the mocks generated by our approach, as well as the benefits ...

Computing and Diagnosing Changes in Unit Test Energy Consumption

Many developers have reason to be concerned with with power consumption. For example, mobile app ... more Many developers have reason to be concerned with with power consumption. For example, mobile app developers want to minimize how much power their applications draw, while still providing useful functionality. However, developers have few tools to get feedback about changes to their application's power consumption behavior as they implement an application and make changes to it over time. We present a tool that, using a team's existing test cases, performs repeated measurements of energy consumption based on instructions executed, objects generated, and blocking latency, generating a distribution of energy use estimates for each test run, recording these distributions in a time series of distributions over time. Then, when these distributions change substantially, we inform the developer of this change, and offer them diagnostic information about the elements of their code potentially responsible for the change and the inputs responsible. Through this information, we believe ...

Model-based Testing: Next Generation Functional Software Testing

The idea of model-based testing is to use an explicit abstract model of a SUT and its environment... more The idea of model-based testing is to use an explicit abstract model of a SUT and its environment to automatically derive tests for the SUT: the behavior of the model of the SUT is interpreted as the intended behavior of the SUT. The technology of automated model-based test case generation has matured to the point where large-scale deployments of this technology are becoming commonplace. The prerequisites for success, such as qualification of the test team, integrated tool chain availability and methods, are now identified, and a wide range of commercial and open-source tools are available. Although MBT will not solve all testing problems, it is an important and useful technique, which brings significant progress over the state of the practice for functional software testing effectiveness, and can increase productivity and improve functional coverage. In this talk, we'll adress the current trend of deploying MBT in the industry, particularly in the TCoE - Test Center of Excellen...

Introducing Continuous Systematic Testing of Evolving Software

In today's evolutionary development of software, continuous testing is needed to ensure that ... more In today's evolutionary development of software, continuous testing is needed to ensure that the software is still functioning after changes. Test automation helps partly managing the large number of executions needed, but there is also a limit for how much automated tests may be executed. Then systematic approaches for test selection are needed also for automated tests. This manuscript defines this situation and outlines a general method and tool framework for its solution. Experiences from different companies are collected to illustrate how it may be set into practice.

Education 4.0 and Computer Science: A European perspective

Central European Conference on Information and Intelligent Systems, 2021

This systematic literature review aimed at identifying the pedagogical approaches, aligned with E... more This systematic literature review aimed at identifying the pedagogical approaches, aligned with Education 4.0, used to support teaching computer science courses with undergraduate and graduate students in Europe. A three-step coding process was conducted to identify and analyse 20 papers. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the selected papers revealed a three-cluster solution with common characteristics that could be used to describe those pedagogical approaches. The review also showed that the term Education 4.0 is still relatively new and has not been conceptualised in terms of computer science courses, although the characteristics of Education 4.0 are visible throughout the pedagogical approaches.

Applying a network flow model to quick and safe evacuation of people from a building: a real case

We present a computational component that allows to evaluate the minimum time necessary to evacua... more We present a computational component that allows to evaluate the minimum time necessary to evacuate people from a place (e.g., a public building). The space and time dimension are discretized according to metrics and models in literature. The component formulates and solves a linearized, time-indexed flow problem [3] on a network that represents feasible movements of people monitored at a suitable frequency. This computational component is the core part of an IoT infrastructure aimed at monitoring crowds in public spaces for planning evacuation paths. The CPU time to solve the model is compliant with real-time use. An application of the algorithm to a real location with real data is described, and diverse uses of the methodology are presented.

Practical Software Testing : Tool Automation and Human Factors Dagstuhl Seminar

From March 14, 2010 to March 19, 2010, the Dagstuhl Seminar 10111 Practical Software Testing : To... more From March 14, 2010 to March 19, 2010, the Dagstuhl Seminar 10111 Practical Software Testing : Tool Automation and Human Factors was held in Schloss Dagstuhl Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The rst section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.

Proceedings of the 2007 Workshop on Engineering Fault Tolerant Systems, EFTS 2007, Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 4, 2007

Software and hardware systems have become increasingly used in many industrial sectors, such as m... more Software and hardware systems have become increasingly used in many industrial sectors, such as manufacturing, energy supply, aerospace, transportation, communication and healthcare. Failures due to software or hardware malfunctions, users' mistakes and malicious intentions can have serious economics consequences, and can also endanger human life. Fault tolerance prevents system failures and is intended to ensure that it delivers the required service in spite of faults and errors which it might encounter and as such it is crucial for meeting high reliability and availability requirements. Fault tolerance engineering during the entire life cycle has been advocated by some researchers as one of the main approaches to ensuring the overall system dependability. In particular, different classes of faults, errors and failures must be identified and dealt with at each phase of software development, depending on the abstraction level used in modelling the software system under developme...

Modeling and Code Generation Framework for IoT

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2019

In the Internet of Things (IoT) every physical device has an embedded technology that interacts w... more In the Internet of Things (IoT) every physical device has an embedded technology that interacts with internal and external states. The heterogeneity of devices and networks complicates the mission of implementing and integrating the objects in IoT systems. In this paper, we present our model driven code generation framework, called CAPSml. The framework enables IoT designers and architects who are using CAPS environment to transform CAPS software model into ThingML model. CAPS is an architecture-driven modeling framework for the development of IoT Systems. ThingML includes modeling language and framework designed for IoT systems to support code generation for multi-platform targets.

Patterns for Self-Adaptation in Cyber-Physical Systems

Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems, 2017

Engineering Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is challenging, as these systems have to handle uncertai... more Engineering Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is challenging, as these systems have to handle uncertainty and change during operation. A typical approach to deal with uncertainty is enhancing the system with self-adaptation capabilities. However, realizing self-adaptation in CPS, and consequently also in Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) as a member of the CPS family, is particularly challenging due to the specific characteristics of these systems, including the seamless integration of computational and physical components, the inherent heterogeneity and large-scale of such systems, and their open-endedness. In this chapter we survey CPS studies that apply the promising design strategy of combining different self-adaptation mechanisms across the technology stack of the system. Based on the survey results, we derive recurring adaptation patterns that structure and consolidate design knowledge. The patterns offer problem-solution pairs to engineers for the design of future CPS and CPPS with self-adaptation capabilities. Finally, the chapter outlines the potential of Collective Intelligence Systems for CPPS and their engineering based on the survey results.

CAPS: Architecture Description of Situational Aware Cyber Physical Systems

2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA), 2017

This paper proposes CAPS, an architecture-drivenmodeling framework for the development of Situati... more This paper proposes CAPS, an architecture-drivenmodeling framework for the development of Situational AwareCyber-Physical Systems. Situational Awareness involves being aware of what ishappening in the surroundings, and using this informationto decide and act. It has been recognized as a critical, yet often elusive, foundation for successful decision-makingin complex systems. With the advent of cyber-physical systems(CPS), situational awareness is playing an increasinglyimportant role especially in crowd and fleets management, infrastructure monitoring, and smart city applications. Whilespecializing cyber physical systems, Situational Aware CPSrequires the continuous monitoring of environmental conditionsand events with respect to time and space. New architecturalconcerns arise, especially related to the sense, compute &communication paradigm, the use of domain-specific hardwarecomponents, and the cyber-physical space dimension. This work illustrates the CAPS modeling languages usedto describe the software architecture, hardware configuration, and physical space views for a situational aware CPS.

Continuous Data-driven Software Engineering - Towards a Research Agenda

ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 2019

The rapid pace with which software needs to be built, together with the increasing need to evalua... more The rapid pace with which software needs to be built, together with the increasing need to evaluate changes for end users both quantitatively and qualitatively calls for novel software engineering approaches that focus on short release cycles, continuous deployment and delivery, experiment-driven feature development, feedback from users, and rapid tool-assisted feedback to developers. To realize these approaches there is a need for research and innovation with respect to automation and tooling, and furthermore for research into the organizational changes that support flexible data-driven decision-making in the development lifecycle. Most importantly, deep synergies are needed between software engineers, managers, and data scientists. This paper reports on the results of the joint 5th International Workshop on Rapid Continuous Software Engineering (RCoSE 2019) and the 1st International Workshop on Data-Driven Decisions, Experimentation and Evolution (DDrEE 2019), which focuses on the...

Group decision-making in software architecture: A study on industrial practices

Information and Software Technology, 2018

Context: A Software Architecture results from a comprehensive process in which several stakeholde... more Context: A Software Architecture results from a comprehensive process in which several stakeholders deliberate upon the key requirements, issues, solutions and make architectural design decisions. Literature shows that most architectural decisions, in practice, are made in groups. Still, there is a limited understanding of industrial group decision-making practices in software architecture and the challenges that software architecture groups face. Objective: Our study, by drawing inspiration from group decision-making theories and models, aims at understanding (i) Existing decision-making practices in software architecture groups (ii) the comparison between practice and theory, (iii) the challenges that the groups face, and (iv) the satisfaction of group members with various aspects of Group Decision Making. Method: The study has been conducted through a questionnaire-based survey. 35 practitioners participated in this survey and the responses were analyzed qualitative and quantitatively. Results: The analysis of individual responses reveal that software architecture groups (composed, on average, of 3-5 co-located or dispersed members) adopt a discussion based approach while evaluating alternatives, thereby lacking a structured way of decision-making. In these groups, despite the involvement of group members in the discussions, the final decision is made by an individual of authority. Not only is structured decision-making less common, the usage of dedicated software tools for decision-making too is rare. These groups face challenges that are indicative of Groupthink and Group Polarization. Group members feel that quantity of alternatives generated during discussions and tool availability are below satisfactory and they have low satisfaction with the tool support available. Conclusion: This study has helped us develop an understanding of software architecture groups, their decisionmaking practices and challenges faced together with the satisfaction of group members. What the industry needs is integration of group decision-making principles into software architecture decision-making and design of decision-making tools that assist the architecture groups.

Self-adaptation for cyber-physical systems

Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, 2016

Context: Cyber-physical systems (CPS) seamlessly integrate computational and physical components.... more Context: Cyber-physical systems (CPS) seamlessly integrate computational and physical components. Adaptability, realized through feedback loops, is a key requirement to deal with uncertain operating conditions in CPS. Objective: We aim at assessing state-of-art approaches to handle self-adaptation in CPS at the architectural level. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review by searching four major scientific data bases, resulting in 1103 candidate studies and eventually retaining 42 primary studies included for data collection after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The primary concerns of adaptation in CPS are performance, flexibility, and reliability. 64% of the studies apply adaptation at the application layer and 24% at the middleware layer. MAPE (Monitor-Analyze-Plan-Execute) is the dominant adaptation mechanism (60%), followed by agents and self-organization (both 29%). Remarkably, 36% of the studies combine different mechanisms to realize adaptation; 17% combine MAPE with agents. The dominating application domain is energy (24%). Conclusions: Our findings show that adaptation in CPS is a cross-layer concern, where solutions combine different adaptation mechanisms within and across layers. This raises challenges for future research both in the field of CPS and self-adaptation, including: how to map concerns to layers and adaptation mechanisms, how to coordinate adaptation mechanisms within and across layers, and how to ensure system-wide consistency of adaptation.