Le Goulag Khmer rouge : 17 avril 1975 - 7 janvier 1979 : La question du totalitarisme
Communisme, 1996
L'A., qui a effectue une serie d'entretiens au Cambodge et qui travaille avec les cherche... more L'A., qui a effectue une serie d'entretiens au Cambodge et qui travaille avec les chercheurs americains et australiens, dresse un tableau tres complet du systeme de repression mis en oeuvre par les Khmers rouges de 1975 a 1979 - etapes chronologiques, geographie, structures, mentalites. Il insiste en particulier sur le role meconnu des prisons-centres d'exterminations (ou il estime les victimes entre 400 et 600000) et sur l'influence du modele maoiste. Il souligne la visee totalitaire dans l'execution de ce crime contre l'humanite pratique a l'echelle d'un peuple, qu'il qualifie de politicide
This handbook of slogans, interspersed with historical commentary and contextual analysis, descri... more This handbook of slogans, interspersed with historical commentary and contextual analysis, describes the Khmer Rouge regime and exposes the horrific foundation upon which it constructed its reign of terror. On April 17, 1975, the Khmer Rouge seized power in Phnom Penh. In the three years, eight months, and twenty days of their government, they made a tabula rasa of Cambodian society and culture, forcing the people to evacuate the cities and move to the countryside. They instituted a total collectivism based on the doctrine of "Pol Pot-ism," the Cambodian version of fundamentalist Maoism.Assembled in this collection are the sayings that make up a "newspeak" uttered by the Khmer Rouge cadres: slogans, maxims, advice, instructions, watchwords, orders, warnings, and threats. All were spoken in the name of the ominous Angkar--a faceless and lawless "Organization"--n order to indoctrinate, control, and terrorize the populace.These sayings have been collected from survivors throughout Cambodia between 1991 and 1995. They form the macabre, bare-bones skeleton of Khmer Rouge ideology.
Along with perhaps North Korea, Democratic Kampuchea (DK), as the Khmer Rouge (KR) regime called ... more Along with perhaps North Korea, Democratic Kampuchea (DK), as the Khmer Rouge (KR) regime called itself, can be regarded as the ultimate twentieth-century paradigm of the totalitarian state. Using sheer violence and terror, a small clique usurped state power viewing itself as endowed with the messianic mission to bring happiness and prosperity faster than any of its revolutionary model and competitors. It came to control every aspect of social and private life. No one was allowed to nurse, let alone express, any form of opposition. Criminal Policies of the KR: 'a State against its Own People' At the time of the so-called trial of 'the Pol Pot-Ieng Sary clique', in August 1979, the pro-Vietnamese regime of Heng Samrin (People's Republic of Kampuchea or PRK) produced the figure of exactly 3 314 768 dead, partly to justify the Vietnamese invasion. The only full demographic study that, to our knowledge, has been done to this day was published in French and often ignored by the English speaking world: Marek Sliwinski, in his Le Génocide khmer rouge, 1 comes out with just under 2 million deaths in excess of the normal mortality rate. Between 17 April 1975 and 7 January 1979 the death toll was about 25% of a population of some 7.8 million; 33.5% of men were massacred or died unnatural deaths as against 15.7% of the women, and 41.9% of the population of Phnom Penh. We note a strong imbalance between the sexes due not to fighting (the country was at peace, except for the Vietnamese invasion in late 1977), but because the numerous prison extermination centres were peopled above all with men, the women and children being a small minority. 2 For instance, in Krang Krâ Chan prison of Tramkâk District in Takeo province (Ta Mok's), among the files of 475 prisoners I examined, only 44 were women-less than 10%. The average age of men
Aspects de l'extermination dans le Kampuchéa démocratique et de l'idéologie khmère rouge (1975-1979)
Une enquete a ete realisee au cambodge sur le reseau carceral mis en place par les khmers rouges ... more Une enquete a ete realisee au cambodge sur le reseau carceral mis en place par les khmers rouges au cours de leur bref regime, qu'ils appelerent le "kampuchea democratique", et qui dura du 17 avril 1975 au 7 janvier 1979. Une synthese des resultats obtenus fut publiee dans la revue communisme (nʿ 47-48, 1996), publication du geode, paris x nanterre. Il est ainsi demontre que les deux millions de morts environ sous ce regime furent victimes d'une politique deliberee d'extermination de la part du centre du pouvoir a phnom penh - l'angkar, l'organisation revolutionnaire du parti communiste du kampuchea (pck). L'auteur a recueilli le temoignage d'un cambodgien, m. Moeung sonn, qui a vecu dixhuit mois dans les geoles des khmers rouges. Il fut publie par les editions fayard sous le titre de prisonnier de l'angkar, 1993. C'est le temoignage le plus complet et precis paru a ce jour sur le reseau carceral secret du kampuchea democratique. Moeung ...
In the past few years, Cambodia has seen an explosion in the growth of Higher Education that has ... more In the past few years, Cambodia has seen an explosion in the growth of Higher Education that has been, to a large extent, absorbed by the dramatic rise in the number of private Universities. There are now some 106 campuses across the country. In the academic year, 2007-8, there were 110,090 bachelor degree students enrolled, among which 46,395 were in public Universities and 63,695 in private ones, according to Ministry of Education figures. There were also 15,802 Associate Degree students and 11,209 post –graduate students (over twice the number of the previous year).The vast majority of students - even in state universities - pay fees of about $400 a year. More than half of the 5,184 postgraduate students in Cambodian Higher Education Institutions 2006-2007 took an MBA or a related financial management course. Enrolments are now over 12 times the number in 1996. Scholarships do not exist - only a few of the best students are exonerated from paying those fees. Unlike all other Depa...
Le Goulag Khmer rouge : 17 avril 1975 - 7 janvier 1979 : La question du totalitarisme
Communisme, 1996
L'A., qui a effectue une serie d'entretiens au Cambodge et qui travaille avec les cherche... more L'A., qui a effectue une serie d'entretiens au Cambodge et qui travaille avec les chercheurs americains et australiens, dresse un tableau tres complet du systeme de repression mis en oeuvre par les Khmers rouges de 1975 a 1979 - etapes chronologiques, geographie, structures, mentalites. Il insiste en particulier sur le role meconnu des prisons-centres d'exterminations (ou il estime les victimes entre 400 et 600000) et sur l'influence du modele maoiste. Il souligne la visee totalitaire dans l'execution de ce crime contre l'humanite pratique a l'echelle d'un peuple, qu'il qualifie de politicide
This handbook of slogans, interspersed with historical commentary and contextual analysis, descri... more This handbook of slogans, interspersed with historical commentary and contextual analysis, describes the Khmer Rouge regime and exposes the horrific foundation upon which it constructed its reign of terror. On April 17, 1975, the Khmer Rouge seized power in Phnom Penh. In the three years, eight months, and twenty days of their government, they made a tabula rasa of Cambodian society and culture, forcing the people to evacuate the cities and move to the countryside. They instituted a total collectivism based on the doctrine of "Pol Pot-ism," the Cambodian version of fundamentalist Maoism.Assembled in this collection are the sayings that make up a "newspeak" uttered by the Khmer Rouge cadres: slogans, maxims, advice, instructions, watchwords, orders, warnings, and threats. All were spoken in the name of the ominous Angkar--a faceless and lawless "Organization"--n order to indoctrinate, control, and terrorize the populace.These sayings have been collected from survivors throughout Cambodia between 1991 and 1995. They form the macabre, bare-bones skeleton of Khmer Rouge ideology.
Along with perhaps North Korea, Democratic Kampuchea (DK), as the Khmer Rouge (KR) regime called ... more Along with perhaps North Korea, Democratic Kampuchea (DK), as the Khmer Rouge (KR) regime called itself, can be regarded as the ultimate twentieth-century paradigm of the totalitarian state. Using sheer violence and terror, a small clique usurped state power viewing itself as endowed with the messianic mission to bring happiness and prosperity faster than any of its revolutionary model and competitors. It came to control every aspect of social and private life. No one was allowed to nurse, let alone express, any form of opposition. Criminal Policies of the KR: 'a State against its Own People' At the time of the so-called trial of 'the Pol Pot-Ieng Sary clique', in August 1979, the pro-Vietnamese regime of Heng Samrin (People's Republic of Kampuchea or PRK) produced the figure of exactly 3 314 768 dead, partly to justify the Vietnamese invasion. The only full demographic study that, to our knowledge, has been done to this day was published in French and often ignored by the English speaking world: Marek Sliwinski, in his Le Génocide khmer rouge, 1 comes out with just under 2 million deaths in excess of the normal mortality rate. Between 17 April 1975 and 7 January 1979 the death toll was about 25% of a population of some 7.8 million; 33.5% of men were massacred or died unnatural deaths as against 15.7% of the women, and 41.9% of the population of Phnom Penh. We note a strong imbalance between the sexes due not to fighting (the country was at peace, except for the Vietnamese invasion in late 1977), but because the numerous prison extermination centres were peopled above all with men, the women and children being a small minority. 2 For instance, in Krang Krâ Chan prison of Tramkâk District in Takeo province (Ta Mok's), among the files of 475 prisoners I examined, only 44 were women-less than 10%. The average age of men
Aspects de l'extermination dans le Kampuchéa démocratique et de l'idéologie khmère rouge (1975-1979)
Une enquete a ete realisee au cambodge sur le reseau carceral mis en place par les khmers rouges ... more Une enquete a ete realisee au cambodge sur le reseau carceral mis en place par les khmers rouges au cours de leur bref regime, qu'ils appelerent le "kampuchea democratique", et qui dura du 17 avril 1975 au 7 janvier 1979. Une synthese des resultats obtenus fut publiee dans la revue communisme (nʿ 47-48, 1996), publication du geode, paris x nanterre. Il est ainsi demontre que les deux millions de morts environ sous ce regime furent victimes d'une politique deliberee d'extermination de la part du centre du pouvoir a phnom penh - l'angkar, l'organisation revolutionnaire du parti communiste du kampuchea (pck). L'auteur a recueilli le temoignage d'un cambodgien, m. Moeung sonn, qui a vecu dixhuit mois dans les geoles des khmers rouges. Il fut publie par les editions fayard sous le titre de prisonnier de l'angkar, 1993. C'est le temoignage le plus complet et precis paru a ce jour sur le reseau carceral secret du kampuchea democratique. Moeung ...
In the past few years, Cambodia has seen an explosion in the growth of Higher Education that has ... more In the past few years, Cambodia has seen an explosion in the growth of Higher Education that has been, to a large extent, absorbed by the dramatic rise in the number of private Universities. There are now some 106 campuses across the country. In the academic year, 2007-8, there were 110,090 bachelor degree students enrolled, among which 46,395 were in public Universities and 63,695 in private ones, according to Ministry of Education figures. There were also 15,802 Associate Degree students and 11,209 post –graduate students (over twice the number of the previous year).The vast majority of students - even in state universities - pay fees of about $400 a year. More than half of the 5,184 postgraduate students in Cambodian Higher Education Institutions 2006-2007 took an MBA or a related financial management course. Enrolments are now over 12 times the number in 1996. Scholarships do not exist - only a few of the best students are exonerated from paying those fees. Unlike all other Depa...
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