The irrational application of chemical fertilizer affects agricultural land’s supply capacity and... more The irrational application of chemical fertilizer affects agricultural land’s supply capacity and yield quality and may lead to serious agricultural non-point source pollution. Through scientific and accurate fertilization, soil testing and formula fertilization technology (STFFT) can effectively prevent excessive fertilizer use, improve its utilization efficiency, and have significant environmental and economic benefits. Based on evolutionary game theory, this paper constructed an evolutionary game model of farmers’ adoption of STFFT. We used a case study to reveal and verify the influence of farmers’ environmental values, information awareness, and social network on their adoption of STFFT and its mechanism. The findings were as follows: First, there are two optimal stable states in the evolutionary system; namely, all farmers adopt or do not adopt STFFT. Second, environmental values and information awareness positively correlate with farmers’ adoption of STFFT. Third, the strengt...
Governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have promoted environmental and social certi... more Governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have promoted environmental and social certification programs for growers because the market for green certification is seen as offering higher prices and higher incomes. Previous studies have examined how "green food" certification affects economic and environmental benefits, but none have studied its impact on production behavior. In this study we conducted a household survey of 398 randomly selected growers of traditional and green food certified kiwifruit in Xixia county of Henan province, China. The results show that characteristically, green food certified growers can have a significantly higher total cost as well as employed cost compared to the matched noncertified growers. Based on the results, we conclude the potential advantages of green food certified kiwifruit products and basic conditions for its sustainable development.
China's demand for energy has grown to fuel its rapidly expa... more China's demand for energy has grown to fuel its rapidly expanding industrial, commercial and consumer sectors. At the same time, China has become the second largest consumer of petroleum products having surpassed Japan for the first time in 2003. The environmental consequences of a continuation of these trends will have global implications. Government policies and consumers have become more environmentally aware, but the ability of governments to formulate policies has been hindered by the lack of data on inter-factor ...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The unique “green food” certification scheme in China, which is aimed to ensure environmental and... more The unique “green food” certification scheme in China, which is aimed to ensure environmental and product safety, has attracted increasing attention. In this study, using 398 household‐level survey data from kiwifruit growers in Xixia county of Henan Province, China, alongside a propensity score matching method, we examined the impact of “green food” certification scheme on economic and environmental effects. Our results showed that: (a) the “green food” certification program did not have significant environmental effect of sustainable production practices because kiwifruit growers did not significantly increase farmyard manure, reduce pesticide and chemical material inputs, except for employed labor inputs; (b) the certification did have significantly economic effect because certified growers received higher sale prices and had reasonable and even higher economic benefits. These findings suggest that the “green food” certification program did not significantly reduce the chemical material inputs, but it helped kiwifruit growers receive higher economic benefits. The “green food” certification program has not achieved its two major goals for kiwifruit production in China [EconLit citations: O13, O44, Q01].
The paper tests for energy price co-movement in China over the 'new regime' as part of a strategy... more The paper tests for energy price co-movement in China over the 'new regime' as part of a strategy to test for the existence of a national energy market. Panel cointegration test statistics suggest that not all energy commodities are spatially homogenous in prices and the processes of energy price cointegration are different over time and over groups of fuels. The statistics demonstrate China's gradual, spatially partial and idiosyncratic energy reform process. Coal and electricity price series have co-moved since 2003, while the national panel cointegration test statistics suggest that gasoline and diesel price series have co-moved since 1997. Regional panel tests also show that there are apparently differences in the emergence of energy price co-movement. This suggests that regional energy markets have emerged in China. One of the important lessons of the research is that an energy market has, to some extent, already emerged in China and, as a consequence, energy prices are much less distorted than previously. If correct, this fact is of major global significance both in terms of future environmental effects and future trade and investment negotiations as China is seen internationally as a 'market driven economy'.
h i g h l i g h t s China owns large quantity of crop residues to develop the renewable energy. P... more h i g h l i g h t s China owns large quantity of crop residues to develop the renewable energy. Priority of using crop residues should be different across provinces. Policy supports are critical for the existence of power generation plant. Important to increase power generation efficiency and lower the cost of feedstock.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, May 7, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Jul 1, 2022
Background: human cognition is not static. Early human cognition is different from modern human c... more Background: human cognition is not static. Early human cognition is different from modern human cognition. In the cognitive process of modern people, the information received by the senses from the external world is encoded and translated, and then presented in the form of abstract causal logic through the logical analysis and empirical verification of scientific thinking. However, the cognitive model of early human beings depended on mythological language and metaphorical thinking. Therefore, our purpose in this work is to study the basic operation principle of this mythical metaphorical thinking and the psychological motivation of human beings to use this way of thinking, and to explore the relationship and significance between human scientific cognition and myth. Metaphorical cognition, and emotional behavior. Subjects and Methods: Based on Cassirer's mythological metaphorical thinking theory, this study analyzes the comparative texts of ancient and modern human mythological language, and obtains a similar understanding of digital cognition, orientation cognition, attribute cognition and language cognition. Knowledge information is followed by comparative research. In this way, we can confirm the principles followed by human beings and the psychological motivation to apply these principles in the cognitive model of metaphorical thinking relying on mythological language. In order to better study the basic principles of metaphorical thinking and the changes of emotional behavior in mythological language, this study uses the measurement tool and the interpersonal emotion regulation scale (ierq) compiled by Hofmann et al. (2016) to measure how individuals regulate their emotions through others. The scale includes 4 factors and 20 items in total. Five point meter, The higher the score, the greater the degree of using interpersonal style to regulate emotion High. In this study, the results of confirmatory factor analysis are as follows: χ 2 / DF = 7.921, RMSEA = 0.077, CFI = 0.904, TLI = 0.889, indicating that the scale has good structural validity in this study. Internal one Consistence α The coefficient is 0.94, which is the sum of the above four factors α The coefficients are 0.84, 0.77, 0.84 and 0.82 respectively. At the same time, the implicit positive emotion subscale is adopted. The scale adopts the implicit positive emotion subscale compiled by Quirin et al. (2009) and revised by Dong Shanchuan (2016). The scale adopts 4-point scoring to evaluate the correlation between 6 meaningless synthetic words and 3 positive emotion words. The higher the total score, the higher the implicit positive emotion and the internal consistency α The coefficient is 0.93. Results: humans who rely on mythological language and metaphorical thinking show a specific cognitive model. Mythology and early language reveal human cognition of themselves and the external world in an intuitive and concrete way. Modern languages are usually more abstract and logical. However, the comparison between scientific cognitive group and mythological metaphorical cognitive group reflects the principle of "replacing the whole with the part". On the other hand, the psychological motivation of human beings to use this way of thinking is to replace all unfamiliar and difficult
China's agricultural output has expanded rapidly since the economic reforms of the late 1970s, re... more China's agricultural output has expanded rapidly since the economic reforms of the late 1970s, reflecting both productivity growth and mobilization of inputs. Over the same period, increased consumption of livestock products has been a feature of China's food consumption. Widely different projections of China's demand for feedgrains to feed its expanding livestock sector have motivated this research. Productivity growth is an important component of such projections, but past estimates have been controversial, few focus on livestock, and we are aware of none that examine technological bias in China's livestock production. For example, does the nature of technical progress lead to increased or reduced use of feedgrains relative to other inputs? A feature of China's livestock sector is rapid structural change towards larger and more commercial and intensive production systems. As specialization has developed over the last two decades, the share of backyard livestock production has declined and the shares of specialized households and commercial enterprises have increased. We measure technological change and biases for each of these structures so that this information can be eventually combined with that on structural change when making feedgrain demand projections. Our commodity focus in this paper is on hog production, which is the major consumer of feedgrains in China. We use a translog cost function and adjusted livestock data to estimate technological change and biases. Technical change has not been neutral, and the bias towards feedgrain-saving was found to be statistically significant. We also find that the demand for feedgrains is elastic with respect to its own price and that strong substitution relationships exist with respect to some other inputs. Thus input price changes are important, along with technological biases, in changing the feedgrain input shares to hog production.
Dairy farms in China's suburban areas have been playing an important role in providing urban mark... more Dairy farms in China's suburban areas have been playing an important role in providing urban markets with fresh milk. With the rising demand for fluid milk and dairy products in the cities, there is a perception that small and scattered dairy farms in China's provinces are gradually disappearing and more concentrated dairy cattle farming is being formed near suburban areas. This paper uses farm-level survey data and stochastic input distance functions to make estimates of total factor productivity (TFP) on suburban dairy farms, as well as for the entire dairy sector. The results show that over the past decade TFP growth has been positive on suburban dairy farms, and this rise in productivity has been driven mostly by technological change. However, at the same time we find that, on average, the same farms have been falling behind the advancing technical frontier. We also find one of the drivers of the suburban dairy sector is the relatively robust rate of technological change of these farms, which has been more rapid than on farms in the dairy sector as a whole. The results suggest efforts to achieve greater adoption of new technologies and better advice on how to use the technologies and manage production and marketing within the suburban dairy sector will further advance productivity growth in the sector.
With the rapid growth in China's dairy industry, a number of recent papers have addressed either ... more With the rapid growth in China's dairy industry, a number of recent papers have addressed either the supply or the demand trends for dairy products in China. None, however, presents a systematic explanation for the recent growth in both the supply and demand for dairy products. The goal of this paper is to sketch a more comprehensive picture of China's dairy sector and to assess the nature of the sector's development in the coming decades. Drawing upon several empirical studies, we examine the trends in dairy product consumption to create a composite picture of the factors underlying the recent growth. We also empirically investigate the sources of production gains in milk supply and assess the relative importance of expanding herd size, changes in the nature of production, technological change, and improvements in efficiency to the overall growth of milk production.
As China enters the twenty-first century the health of the agricultural economy will increasingly... more As China enters the twenty-first century the health of the agricultural economy will increasingly rely, not on the growth of inputs, but on the growth of total factor productivity (TFP). However, the tremendous changes in the sector-sometimes back and sometimes forwards-as well as evolving institutions make it difficult to gauge from casual observation if the sector is healthy or not. Research spending has waxed and waned. Policies to encourage the import of foreign technologies have been applied unevenly. Structural adjustment policies also triggered wrenching changes in the sector. Horticulture and livestock production has boomed; while the output of other crops, such as rice, wheat and soybeans, has stagnated or fallen. At a time when China's millions of producers are faced with complex decisions, the extension system is crumbling and farmer professional associations remain in
The mixed crop–livestock system is a primary source of livelihood in developing countries. Errati... more The mixed crop–livestock system is a primary source of livelihood in developing countries. Erratic climate changes are severely affecting the livelihoods of people who depend upon mixed crop–livestock production. By employing the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LVI (LVIIPCC), and the livelihood effect index (LEI), this study evaluated livelihood vulnerability in southern Punjab, Pakistan. The study provides a range of indicators for national and local policy makers to improve resilience in the face of livelihood vulnerability. By incorporating more major components and subcomponents, this study identifies more specific challenges of livelihood vulnerability for future policy directions. It is interesting to find that credit and cash used for crop inputs are critical financial constraints for farmers. From the estimated indicators, this study also provides some specific policy recommendations for the four study districts of Punjab P...
The irrational application of chemical fertilizer affects agricultural land’s supply capacity and... more The irrational application of chemical fertilizer affects agricultural land’s supply capacity and yield quality and may lead to serious agricultural non-point source pollution. Through scientific and accurate fertilization, soil testing and formula fertilization technology (STFFT) can effectively prevent excessive fertilizer use, improve its utilization efficiency, and have significant environmental and economic benefits. Based on evolutionary game theory, this paper constructed an evolutionary game model of farmers’ adoption of STFFT. We used a case study to reveal and verify the influence of farmers’ environmental values, information awareness, and social network on their adoption of STFFT and its mechanism. The findings were as follows: First, there are two optimal stable states in the evolutionary system; namely, all farmers adopt or do not adopt STFFT. Second, environmental values and information awareness positively correlate with farmers’ adoption of STFFT. Third, the strengt...
Governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have promoted environmental and social certi... more Governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have promoted environmental and social certification programs for growers because the market for green certification is seen as offering higher prices and higher incomes. Previous studies have examined how "green food" certification affects economic and environmental benefits, but none have studied its impact on production behavior. In this study we conducted a household survey of 398 randomly selected growers of traditional and green food certified kiwifruit in Xixia county of Henan province, China. The results show that characteristically, green food certified growers can have a significantly higher total cost as well as employed cost compared to the matched noncertified growers. Based on the results, we conclude the potential advantages of green food certified kiwifruit products and basic conditions for its sustainable development.
China's demand for energy has grown to fuel its rapidly expa... more China's demand for energy has grown to fuel its rapidly expanding industrial, commercial and consumer sectors. At the same time, China has become the second largest consumer of petroleum products having surpassed Japan for the first time in 2003. The environmental consequences of a continuation of these trends will have global implications. Government policies and consumers have become more environmentally aware, but the ability of governments to formulate policies has been hindered by the lack of data on inter-factor ...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The unique “green food” certification scheme in China, which is aimed to ensure environmental and... more The unique “green food” certification scheme in China, which is aimed to ensure environmental and product safety, has attracted increasing attention. In this study, using 398 household‐level survey data from kiwifruit growers in Xixia county of Henan Province, China, alongside a propensity score matching method, we examined the impact of “green food” certification scheme on economic and environmental effects. Our results showed that: (a) the “green food” certification program did not have significant environmental effect of sustainable production practices because kiwifruit growers did not significantly increase farmyard manure, reduce pesticide and chemical material inputs, except for employed labor inputs; (b) the certification did have significantly economic effect because certified growers received higher sale prices and had reasonable and even higher economic benefits. These findings suggest that the “green food” certification program did not significantly reduce the chemical material inputs, but it helped kiwifruit growers receive higher economic benefits. The “green food” certification program has not achieved its two major goals for kiwifruit production in China [EconLit citations: O13, O44, Q01].
The paper tests for energy price co-movement in China over the 'new regime' as part of a strategy... more The paper tests for energy price co-movement in China over the 'new regime' as part of a strategy to test for the existence of a national energy market. Panel cointegration test statistics suggest that not all energy commodities are spatially homogenous in prices and the processes of energy price cointegration are different over time and over groups of fuels. The statistics demonstrate China's gradual, spatially partial and idiosyncratic energy reform process. Coal and electricity price series have co-moved since 2003, while the national panel cointegration test statistics suggest that gasoline and diesel price series have co-moved since 1997. Regional panel tests also show that there are apparently differences in the emergence of energy price co-movement. This suggests that regional energy markets have emerged in China. One of the important lessons of the research is that an energy market has, to some extent, already emerged in China and, as a consequence, energy prices are much less distorted than previously. If correct, this fact is of major global significance both in terms of future environmental effects and future trade and investment negotiations as China is seen internationally as a 'market driven economy'.
h i g h l i g h t s China owns large quantity of crop residues to develop the renewable energy. P... more h i g h l i g h t s China owns large quantity of crop residues to develop the renewable energy. Priority of using crop residues should be different across provinces. Policy supports are critical for the existence of power generation plant. Important to increase power generation efficiency and lower the cost of feedstock.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, May 7, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Jul 1, 2022
Background: human cognition is not static. Early human cognition is different from modern human c... more Background: human cognition is not static. Early human cognition is different from modern human cognition. In the cognitive process of modern people, the information received by the senses from the external world is encoded and translated, and then presented in the form of abstract causal logic through the logical analysis and empirical verification of scientific thinking. However, the cognitive model of early human beings depended on mythological language and metaphorical thinking. Therefore, our purpose in this work is to study the basic operation principle of this mythical metaphorical thinking and the psychological motivation of human beings to use this way of thinking, and to explore the relationship and significance between human scientific cognition and myth. Metaphorical cognition, and emotional behavior. Subjects and Methods: Based on Cassirer's mythological metaphorical thinking theory, this study analyzes the comparative texts of ancient and modern human mythological language, and obtains a similar understanding of digital cognition, orientation cognition, attribute cognition and language cognition. Knowledge information is followed by comparative research. In this way, we can confirm the principles followed by human beings and the psychological motivation to apply these principles in the cognitive model of metaphorical thinking relying on mythological language. In order to better study the basic principles of metaphorical thinking and the changes of emotional behavior in mythological language, this study uses the measurement tool and the interpersonal emotion regulation scale (ierq) compiled by Hofmann et al. (2016) to measure how individuals regulate their emotions through others. The scale includes 4 factors and 20 items in total. Five point meter, The higher the score, the greater the degree of using interpersonal style to regulate emotion High. In this study, the results of confirmatory factor analysis are as follows: χ 2 / DF = 7.921, RMSEA = 0.077, CFI = 0.904, TLI = 0.889, indicating that the scale has good structural validity in this study. Internal one Consistence α The coefficient is 0.94, which is the sum of the above four factors α The coefficients are 0.84, 0.77, 0.84 and 0.82 respectively. At the same time, the implicit positive emotion subscale is adopted. The scale adopts the implicit positive emotion subscale compiled by Quirin et al. (2009) and revised by Dong Shanchuan (2016). The scale adopts 4-point scoring to evaluate the correlation between 6 meaningless synthetic words and 3 positive emotion words. The higher the total score, the higher the implicit positive emotion and the internal consistency α The coefficient is 0.93. Results: humans who rely on mythological language and metaphorical thinking show a specific cognitive model. Mythology and early language reveal human cognition of themselves and the external world in an intuitive and concrete way. Modern languages are usually more abstract and logical. However, the comparison between scientific cognitive group and mythological metaphorical cognitive group reflects the principle of "replacing the whole with the part". On the other hand, the psychological motivation of human beings to use this way of thinking is to replace all unfamiliar and difficult
China's agricultural output has expanded rapidly since the economic reforms of the late 1970s, re... more China's agricultural output has expanded rapidly since the economic reforms of the late 1970s, reflecting both productivity growth and mobilization of inputs. Over the same period, increased consumption of livestock products has been a feature of China's food consumption. Widely different projections of China's demand for feedgrains to feed its expanding livestock sector have motivated this research. Productivity growth is an important component of such projections, but past estimates have been controversial, few focus on livestock, and we are aware of none that examine technological bias in China's livestock production. For example, does the nature of technical progress lead to increased or reduced use of feedgrains relative to other inputs? A feature of China's livestock sector is rapid structural change towards larger and more commercial and intensive production systems. As specialization has developed over the last two decades, the share of backyard livestock production has declined and the shares of specialized households and commercial enterprises have increased. We measure technological change and biases for each of these structures so that this information can be eventually combined with that on structural change when making feedgrain demand projections. Our commodity focus in this paper is on hog production, which is the major consumer of feedgrains in China. We use a translog cost function and adjusted livestock data to estimate technological change and biases. Technical change has not been neutral, and the bias towards feedgrain-saving was found to be statistically significant. We also find that the demand for feedgrains is elastic with respect to its own price and that strong substitution relationships exist with respect to some other inputs. Thus input price changes are important, along with technological biases, in changing the feedgrain input shares to hog production.
Dairy farms in China's suburban areas have been playing an important role in providing urban mark... more Dairy farms in China's suburban areas have been playing an important role in providing urban markets with fresh milk. With the rising demand for fluid milk and dairy products in the cities, there is a perception that small and scattered dairy farms in China's provinces are gradually disappearing and more concentrated dairy cattle farming is being formed near suburban areas. This paper uses farm-level survey data and stochastic input distance functions to make estimates of total factor productivity (TFP) on suburban dairy farms, as well as for the entire dairy sector. The results show that over the past decade TFP growth has been positive on suburban dairy farms, and this rise in productivity has been driven mostly by technological change. However, at the same time we find that, on average, the same farms have been falling behind the advancing technical frontier. We also find one of the drivers of the suburban dairy sector is the relatively robust rate of technological change of these farms, which has been more rapid than on farms in the dairy sector as a whole. The results suggest efforts to achieve greater adoption of new technologies and better advice on how to use the technologies and manage production and marketing within the suburban dairy sector will further advance productivity growth in the sector.
With the rapid growth in China's dairy industry, a number of recent papers have addressed either ... more With the rapid growth in China's dairy industry, a number of recent papers have addressed either the supply or the demand trends for dairy products in China. None, however, presents a systematic explanation for the recent growth in both the supply and demand for dairy products. The goal of this paper is to sketch a more comprehensive picture of China's dairy sector and to assess the nature of the sector's development in the coming decades. Drawing upon several empirical studies, we examine the trends in dairy product consumption to create a composite picture of the factors underlying the recent growth. We also empirically investigate the sources of production gains in milk supply and assess the relative importance of expanding herd size, changes in the nature of production, technological change, and improvements in efficiency to the overall growth of milk production.
As China enters the twenty-first century the health of the agricultural economy will increasingly... more As China enters the twenty-first century the health of the agricultural economy will increasingly rely, not on the growth of inputs, but on the growth of total factor productivity (TFP). However, the tremendous changes in the sector-sometimes back and sometimes forwards-as well as evolving institutions make it difficult to gauge from casual observation if the sector is healthy or not. Research spending has waxed and waned. Policies to encourage the import of foreign technologies have been applied unevenly. Structural adjustment policies also triggered wrenching changes in the sector. Horticulture and livestock production has boomed; while the output of other crops, such as rice, wheat and soybeans, has stagnated or fallen. At a time when China's millions of producers are faced with complex decisions, the extension system is crumbling and farmer professional associations remain in
The mixed crop–livestock system is a primary source of livelihood in developing countries. Errati... more The mixed crop–livestock system is a primary source of livelihood in developing countries. Erratic climate changes are severely affecting the livelihoods of people who depend upon mixed crop–livestock production. By employing the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LVI (LVIIPCC), and the livelihood effect index (LEI), this study evaluated livelihood vulnerability in southern Punjab, Pakistan. The study provides a range of indicators for national and local policy makers to improve resilience in the face of livelihood vulnerability. By incorporating more major components and subcomponents, this study identifies more specific challenges of livelihood vulnerability for future policy directions. It is interesting to find that credit and cash used for crop inputs are critical financial constraints for farmers. From the estimated indicators, this study also provides some specific policy recommendations for the four study districts of Punjab P...
Uploads
Papers by Hengyun Ma