Tomato is an economically important vegetable crop which is attacked heavily by insect pests lead... more Tomato is an economically important vegetable crop which is attacked heavily by insect pests leading to reduction of yield and quality of the fruits. Field experiments were carried out to investigate the dissipation of methomyl (a common insecticide) used mainly on tomato fruits. LC-MS/MS coupled with the QuEChERS method were used for the determination of methomyl. The results showed that the recovery using matrix-matched standards ranged from 87.8 to 101.3%, with relative standard deviation of 2.5 to 7.5%. Kinetics equation, Log R = log R 0-0.434 Kt, was used to calculate the rate of degradation in tomato, soil and water. Residue half-life calculated using kinetic rate ranged from 1.95 to 1.63 days in tomato and soil, respectively. From the results it was concluded that tomato fruits can be safely harvested for consumption after 15 days of application based on estimated preharvest interval (PHI). It is advisable to re-estimate the PHI regularly owing to data from the EU and Codex.
Honeybees exposed to pesticides direct or indirect ways through their food research trips. Herein... more Honeybees exposed to pesticides direct or indirect ways through their food research trips. Herein, this study examined the toxicity effects on laboratory of seven tested pesticides insecticides from different pesticide groups. emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, indoxacarb, lambada cyhalothrine, glyphosate and thiophanate-methyl on honeybee workers, Apis mellifera L. through different exposure periods of time at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The selected pesticides were ranked based on their toxicity from the most to least one as following: emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, indoxacarb, and lambda cyhalothrine. Further, thiophanate-methyl and glyphosate were the lowest toxicity among selected pesticides. The highest toxic pesticide during the exposure period 24, 48 and 72 hrs was emamectin benzoate with LC 50 values (0.247, 0.047 and 0.020 ppm) and with LC90 values (5.752, 0.302 and 0.072 ppm) respectively, and the least one was glyphosate with LC50 values of (6861.151, 3366.968 and 2477.267 ppm) and LC90 values of (28243.795, 9033.695 and 6203.485 ppm) after 24, 48 and 72hr of exposure respectively. However, chlorpyrifos ranked the third toxic pesticide at 24 and 48 hrs of treatment with LC50 values of 10.226 and 2.731 ppm and with LC90 values of (101.224 and 7.496 ppm for 24 and 48 hrs, respectively). Whereas, after 72 hrs chlorpyrifos recorded the fourth toxic pesticide with LC502.086 ppm and LC90 5.179ppm. Based on the toxicity index, results showed that, the most to least toxic pesticides were arranged as followed: emamectin benzoate>imidacloprid >chlorpyrifos >indoxacarb >lambada cyhalothrine> thiophanate-methyl > glyphosate. These results demonstrated that pesticides are very toxic to honeybee workers and must avoid applying them during the times when bees are most active such as during flowering periods.
Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and mid... more Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality wa...
The residual behavior of Thiamethoxam (Actara 25% W.G) Oxycarboxin (Plantfax 20% E.C), Chlorothal... more The residual behavior of Thiamethoxam (Actara 25% W.G) Oxycarboxin (Plantfax 20% E.C), Chlorothalonil (Chlorothate 75% W.P) and Bifenazate (Acramite 48% S.C), in Kidney bean and Tomato fruits under the environmental condition of Egypt was studied. The tested pesticides were sprayed at recommended dose of 80g / fed., 100 cm /100 L of water, 250 g/100 L of water and, 35cm /100 of water for actara, plantfax, 3 3 Chlorothate and Acramite respectively on Kidney bean and Tomato plants. The treated kidney bean and tomato were randomly sampled in triplicates after one hour, 1, 3,7,10 and 15 days period after pesticides application. Samples were extracted, clean up and analyzed using HPLC and GC/ ECD. The half-life values were calculated to be 4.14, 1.09, 0.84 and 2.63 days for Actara, Plantfax, Chlorothate and Acramite respectively. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) was determined to be 1, 3,7,10 and 15 days for kidney bean with actara and plantfax and tomato with chlorothate and acramite under prevailed local field conditions respectively. Results showed that waiting for the recommended pre-harvest intervals, indicated on the prospectuses of both pesticides, lowered the residue levels to within acceptable limits.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 2021
on tomato variety 765 planted on the 10 th of September for each season in an approximate area (3... more on tomato variety 765 planted on the 10 th of September for each season in an approximate area (315 m 2) in order to compare the efficiency of three Neonicotinoids [Thiamethoxam (Actara 25% WG), Imidacloprid (Best 25% WP), Acetamiprid (Mospildate 20% SP)] in Nano and commercial formulation size using recommended dose for them and the half-recommended dose for nano-insecticides against tomato leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii Burgess (Diptera: Agromyzidae). The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was applied with three replicates/ treatment and three control in a total of 21 plots. The replicate (plot) size was 3 ×3.5 m and consists of three rows planted with 5 plants/ row. The nano and commercial insecticide sizes showed highly significant results in reducing the infestations of mines in tomato during the studied seasons in the first and second week after (1 st and 2 nd) spray compared with control. The nano-thiamethoxam 1x was the best for mines reduction followed by nano-acetamiprid, and nano-imidacloprid. However, there were no significant differences between commercial and nano-formulations in mines reduction % and the highest reductions showed by nano treatments. However, the treated tomato by the halfrecommended rate of nano and commercial formulations showed the same reduction results.
Weeds represent a major constraint for successful pea cultivation, resulting in loss of green pea... more Weeds represent a major constraint for successful pea cultivation, resulting in loss of green pea yield and quality. Two field experiments were carried out during the winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the efficacy of pendimethalin, butralin, fluazifop butyl, bentazon, and hoeing on weed control, and their impact on pea growth, nodule formation, yield, quality, and storability. The results indicated that hoeing and fluazifop butyl were the most effective treatments for weed control in terms of the lowest values of total weed dry weight. The bentazon and fluazifop butyl herbicides didn’t affect active nodules number, plant height, plant weight, root length, or number of leaves and branches. Additionally, bentazon and hoeing resulted in the highest total yield per plant and protein content. Butralin and pendimetalin achieved the lowest yield, and butralin also resulted in the lowest plant height and weight. Bentazon-treated ...
Field experiments were carried out to study the residual behavior of foliar application of bensul... more Field experiments were carried out to study the residual behavior of foliar application of bensultap and imidacloprid in broad bean plants and their runoff persistence in soil under plants. The residues amount decreased to be 0.29 mg/kg after 22 days of treatment with 97.7 % loss in the leaves of broad bean after bensultap application. While residues disappeared in leaves after 22days of imidacoprid application. The half-life time (t1/2) values for bensultap in green pods of faba bean was calculated to be 2.9 days for peels. Whereas ,in the case of imidacloprid, the RL50 value was 0.93 days in faba bean green peels but, residues could not be detected in green seeds one hour after treatment Data concluded that. the green pods can be safely harvested for human consumption after the third day of application based on the PHI value obtained. In soil the RL50 of bensultap was 4 days, while the persistence of the runoff of imidacoprid on the soil under the plants was a little longer than that in bensultap which was 5 days.
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the persistence of diniconazole and etoxazole in ... more Field experiments were conducted to investigate the persistence of diniconazole and etoxazole in broad bean pods, peels, seeds and soil. Samples were taken after zero, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14 and 21 days after pesticides application. The diniconazole residue in plant samples was extracted by methanol, partition with dichloromethane, cleaned up using coagulation solution, while the soil samples w ere extracted with ethyl acetate. Estimation of diniconazole residues were performed by (GLC-ECD). Etoxazole was extracted from plant samples with acetone, and from soil samples using acetone: water (8: 2 v/v). The extract was partitioned with dichloromethane and cleaned-up through a florisil column. Determination of etoxazole residues were performed by HPLC-DAD. The recoveries of etoxazole and diniconazole were in the range between 81-99 %. The results indicated that the halflife values of diniconazole in pods, peels, seeds and soil were 2.46, 2.29, 5.25 and 5.56 days, respectively. While these values of etoxazole in pods, peels and soil were 2.27, 1.62 and 4.91 days, respectively. No residues of etoxazole could be detected in seeds. Diniconazole residue was below the MRL in seeds. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) of pods was in diniconazole application 9 days. And in case of etoxazole these were 11 days.
Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-i... more Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and-2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle-and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6⋅9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15⋅5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77⋅6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57⋅5, 40⋅9 and 35⋅4 per cent; P < 0⋅001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52⋅2, 24⋅8 and 18⋅9 per cent; P < 0⋅001) in low-compared with middle-and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3⋅20, 95 per cent c.i. 1⋅35 to 7⋅57; P = 0⋅008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2⋅34, 1⋅65 to 3⋅32; P < 0⋅001), emergency surgery (OR 4⋅08, 2⋅73 to 6⋅10; P < 0⋅001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1⋅99, 1⋅28 to 3⋅09; P = 0⋅002) and disease perforation (OR 4⋅00, 2⋅81 to 5⋅69; P < 0⋅001). Conclusion: Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone.
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practi... more Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89·6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle...
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Jan 15, 2018
Heavy metals are well known as environmental pollutants with hazardous impacts on human and anima... more Heavy metals are well known as environmental pollutants with hazardous impacts on human and animal health because of their wide industrial usage. In the present study, the role of Spirulina platensis in reversing the oxidative stress-mediated brain injury elicited by lead acetate exposure was evaluated. In order to accomplish this aim, rats were orally administered with 300 mg/kg bw Spirulina for 15 d, before and simultaneously with an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg bw lead acetate [6 injections through the two weeks]. As a result, the co-administration of Spirulina with lead acetate reversed the most impaired open field behavioral indices; however, this did not happen for swimming performance, inclined plane, and grip strength tests. In addition, it was observed that Spirulina diminished the lead content that accumulated in both the blood and the brain tissue of the exposed rats, and reduced the elevated levels of oxidative damage indices, and brain proinflammatory markers. ...
Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface and Drinking Waters in Some Egyptian Governorates
World Applied Sciences Journal
Eleven polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB28, PCB44, PCB52, PCB70, PCB101, PCB105, PCB118, PC... more Eleven polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB28, PCB44, PCB52, PCB70, PCB101, PCB105, PCB118, PCB138, PCB152, PCB180 and PCB192) were monitored in water samples before and after six drinking water treatment stations in three Egyptian governorates (i.e., El-Kalyoubia, Kafr El-Sheikh and Alexandria) from May 2011 to March 2012. Out of 72 surface and drinking water samples collected, 50 were contaminated by PCBs residues representing 69.4%. Among the monitored congeners, PCB180 and 28 were the most abundant and frequently observed congeners in water samples recording 32 and 29%, respectively. On the other hand, PCB70 and 105 were not-detected in all collected samples. In general, the detection of PCBs residues in water samples collected from the six sites tend to be in the following order: El Elkilo 40 (100%) > Shoubra ElKheima (83.3%) ≥ Metoubes (83.3%) > Mostorod (66.7%) > Elseyouf (50%) > Kafr Elsheikh (33.3%). However, the levels of PCBs in about 47% of the drinking wa...
Biodegradation of Chlorpyrifos by Microbial Strains Isolated from Agricultural Wastewater
Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in mineral salt liquid (MSL) medium under different environmental ... more Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in mineral salt liquid (MSL) medium under different environmental factors such as pH of media, temperature and different concentrations of pesticide were investigated to optimize the conditions for biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by microbial strains. Isolating the microbial strains for identifying those having high chlorpyrifos degradation capability in liquid culture was undertaken as well. Out of thirteen microbial isolates from agricultural wastewater samples collected from different pesticides-polluted locations in Egypt, three isolates were only capable of degrading chlorpyrifos and utilizing it as a sole source of carbon and phosphorus. Isolates’ biomass and chlorpyrifos degradation were found to be optimum at 30 °C and pH 7 (for bacteria and actinomycete), and pH 6 for fungi. These strains were identified as Bacillus sp. SMF5, Penicillium sp. F09-T10-1 and Streptomyces thermocarboxydus strain A-B based on morphological and biochemical tests as w...
To evaluate the organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contamination of Manzala Lake, its ecosystem was i... more To evaluate the organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contamination of Manzala Lake, its ecosystem was investigated during the winter season (December to March). The studied ecosystem components were water, sediment, aquatic weeds, and fishes in four locations. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector. Pollutant levels of total OCPs showed significantly high levels in the water areas of Round road (46.253 ng/ml), Port-Said Damietta road (19.301 ng/ml), followed by Bughas El-Rasoah (5.539 ng/ml), then Ashtoum El Gamel (natural reserve area now) (0.289 ng/ml). Organochlorines were detected in sediment only in Round road (3.359 μg/kg) and Port-Said Damietta road (0.171 μg/kg) by significant order while they were undetectable in Ashtoum El Gamel and Bughas El-Rasoah. Total OCPs in aquatic weeds ranged between 0.194 μg/kg in Port-Said Damietta and 0.026 μg/kg in Ashtoum El Gamel. While OCPs were 0.160 and 0.153 μg/kg in Round road and Bughas El-Rasoah, respectively. Concerning fish muscles OCPs were significantly higher in the Round road area (0.397 μg/kg) followed by the Port-Said Damietta road (0.258 μg/kg), and finally, Ashtoum El Gamel samples (0.126 μg/kg). The results revealed the direct relation for the accumulation of OCPs between studied ecosystem parameters at the Manzala Lake during the winter season. Results also demonstrated that fish samples collected from the Manzala Lake in the studied areas were contaminated with levels of organochlorines, not higher than the maximum permissible level recorded by FAO/WHO, and that the public is not at risk with fish consumption.
Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, b... more Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with e...
Tomato is an economically important vegetable crop which is attacked heavily by insect pests lead... more Tomato is an economically important vegetable crop which is attacked heavily by insect pests leading to reduction of yield and quality of the fruits. Field experiments were carried out to investigate the dissipation of methomyl (a common insecticide) used mainly on tomato fruits. LC-MS/MS coupled with the QuEChERS method were used for the determination of methomyl. The results showed that the recovery using matrix-matched standards ranged from 87.8 to 101.3%, with relative standard deviation of 2.5 to 7.5%. Kinetics equation, Log R = log R 0-0.434 Kt, was used to calculate the rate of degradation in tomato, soil and water. Residue half-life calculated using kinetic rate ranged from 1.95 to 1.63 days in tomato and soil, respectively. From the results it was concluded that tomato fruits can be safely harvested for consumption after 15 days of application based on estimated preharvest interval (PHI). It is advisable to re-estimate the PHI regularly owing to data from the EU and Codex.
Honeybees exposed to pesticides direct or indirect ways through their food research trips. Herein... more Honeybees exposed to pesticides direct or indirect ways through their food research trips. Herein, this study examined the toxicity effects on laboratory of seven tested pesticides insecticides from different pesticide groups. emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, indoxacarb, lambada cyhalothrine, glyphosate and thiophanate-methyl on honeybee workers, Apis mellifera L. through different exposure periods of time at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The selected pesticides were ranked based on their toxicity from the most to least one as following: emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, indoxacarb, and lambda cyhalothrine. Further, thiophanate-methyl and glyphosate were the lowest toxicity among selected pesticides. The highest toxic pesticide during the exposure period 24, 48 and 72 hrs was emamectin benzoate with LC 50 values (0.247, 0.047 and 0.020 ppm) and with LC90 values (5.752, 0.302 and 0.072 ppm) respectively, and the least one was glyphosate with LC50 values of (6861.151, 3366.968 and 2477.267 ppm) and LC90 values of (28243.795, 9033.695 and 6203.485 ppm) after 24, 48 and 72hr of exposure respectively. However, chlorpyrifos ranked the third toxic pesticide at 24 and 48 hrs of treatment with LC50 values of 10.226 and 2.731 ppm and with LC90 values of (101.224 and 7.496 ppm for 24 and 48 hrs, respectively). Whereas, after 72 hrs chlorpyrifos recorded the fourth toxic pesticide with LC502.086 ppm and LC90 5.179ppm. Based on the toxicity index, results showed that, the most to least toxic pesticides were arranged as followed: emamectin benzoate>imidacloprid >chlorpyrifos >indoxacarb >lambada cyhalothrine> thiophanate-methyl > glyphosate. These results demonstrated that pesticides are very toxic to honeybee workers and must avoid applying them during the times when bees are most active such as during flowering periods.
Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and mid... more Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality wa...
The residual behavior of Thiamethoxam (Actara 25% W.G) Oxycarboxin (Plantfax 20% E.C), Chlorothal... more The residual behavior of Thiamethoxam (Actara 25% W.G) Oxycarboxin (Plantfax 20% E.C), Chlorothalonil (Chlorothate 75% W.P) and Bifenazate (Acramite 48% S.C), in Kidney bean and Tomato fruits under the environmental condition of Egypt was studied. The tested pesticides were sprayed at recommended dose of 80g / fed., 100 cm /100 L of water, 250 g/100 L of water and, 35cm /100 of water for actara, plantfax, 3 3 Chlorothate and Acramite respectively on Kidney bean and Tomato plants. The treated kidney bean and tomato were randomly sampled in triplicates after one hour, 1, 3,7,10 and 15 days period after pesticides application. Samples were extracted, clean up and analyzed using HPLC and GC/ ECD. The half-life values were calculated to be 4.14, 1.09, 0.84 and 2.63 days for Actara, Plantfax, Chlorothate and Acramite respectively. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) was determined to be 1, 3,7,10 and 15 days for kidney bean with actara and plantfax and tomato with chlorothate and acramite under prevailed local field conditions respectively. Results showed that waiting for the recommended pre-harvest intervals, indicated on the prospectuses of both pesticides, lowered the residue levels to within acceptable limits.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 2021
on tomato variety 765 planted on the 10 th of September for each season in an approximate area (3... more on tomato variety 765 planted on the 10 th of September for each season in an approximate area (315 m 2) in order to compare the efficiency of three Neonicotinoids [Thiamethoxam (Actara 25% WG), Imidacloprid (Best 25% WP), Acetamiprid (Mospildate 20% SP)] in Nano and commercial formulation size using recommended dose for them and the half-recommended dose for nano-insecticides against tomato leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii Burgess (Diptera: Agromyzidae). The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was applied with three replicates/ treatment and three control in a total of 21 plots. The replicate (plot) size was 3 ×3.5 m and consists of three rows planted with 5 plants/ row. The nano and commercial insecticide sizes showed highly significant results in reducing the infestations of mines in tomato during the studied seasons in the first and second week after (1 st and 2 nd) spray compared with control. The nano-thiamethoxam 1x was the best for mines reduction followed by nano-acetamiprid, and nano-imidacloprid. However, there were no significant differences between commercial and nano-formulations in mines reduction % and the highest reductions showed by nano treatments. However, the treated tomato by the halfrecommended rate of nano and commercial formulations showed the same reduction results.
Weeds represent a major constraint for successful pea cultivation, resulting in loss of green pea... more Weeds represent a major constraint for successful pea cultivation, resulting in loss of green pea yield and quality. Two field experiments were carried out during the winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the efficacy of pendimethalin, butralin, fluazifop butyl, bentazon, and hoeing on weed control, and their impact on pea growth, nodule formation, yield, quality, and storability. The results indicated that hoeing and fluazifop butyl were the most effective treatments for weed control in terms of the lowest values of total weed dry weight. The bentazon and fluazifop butyl herbicides didn’t affect active nodules number, plant height, plant weight, root length, or number of leaves and branches. Additionally, bentazon and hoeing resulted in the highest total yield per plant and protein content. Butralin and pendimetalin achieved the lowest yield, and butralin also resulted in the lowest plant height and weight. Bentazon-treated ...
Field experiments were carried out to study the residual behavior of foliar application of bensul... more Field experiments were carried out to study the residual behavior of foliar application of bensultap and imidacloprid in broad bean plants and their runoff persistence in soil under plants. The residues amount decreased to be 0.29 mg/kg after 22 days of treatment with 97.7 % loss in the leaves of broad bean after bensultap application. While residues disappeared in leaves after 22days of imidacoprid application. The half-life time (t1/2) values for bensultap in green pods of faba bean was calculated to be 2.9 days for peels. Whereas ,in the case of imidacloprid, the RL50 value was 0.93 days in faba bean green peels but, residues could not be detected in green seeds one hour after treatment Data concluded that. the green pods can be safely harvested for human consumption after the third day of application based on the PHI value obtained. In soil the RL50 of bensultap was 4 days, while the persistence of the runoff of imidacoprid on the soil under the plants was a little longer than that in bensultap which was 5 days.
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the persistence of diniconazole and etoxazole in ... more Field experiments were conducted to investigate the persistence of diniconazole and etoxazole in broad bean pods, peels, seeds and soil. Samples were taken after zero, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14 and 21 days after pesticides application. The diniconazole residue in plant samples was extracted by methanol, partition with dichloromethane, cleaned up using coagulation solution, while the soil samples w ere extracted with ethyl acetate. Estimation of diniconazole residues were performed by (GLC-ECD). Etoxazole was extracted from plant samples with acetone, and from soil samples using acetone: water (8: 2 v/v). The extract was partitioned with dichloromethane and cleaned-up through a florisil column. Determination of etoxazole residues were performed by HPLC-DAD. The recoveries of etoxazole and diniconazole were in the range between 81-99 %. The results indicated that the halflife values of diniconazole in pods, peels, seeds and soil were 2.46, 2.29, 5.25 and 5.56 days, respectively. While these values of etoxazole in pods, peels and soil were 2.27, 1.62 and 4.91 days, respectively. No residues of etoxazole could be detected in seeds. Diniconazole residue was below the MRL in seeds. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) of pods was in diniconazole application 9 days. And in case of etoxazole these were 11 days.
Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-i... more Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and-2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle-and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6⋅9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15⋅5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77⋅6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57⋅5, 40⋅9 and 35⋅4 per cent; P < 0⋅001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52⋅2, 24⋅8 and 18⋅9 per cent; P < 0⋅001) in low-compared with middle-and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3⋅20, 95 per cent c.i. 1⋅35 to 7⋅57; P = 0⋅008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2⋅34, 1⋅65 to 3⋅32; P < 0⋅001), emergency surgery (OR 4⋅08, 2⋅73 to 6⋅10; P < 0⋅001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1⋅99, 1⋅28 to 3⋅09; P = 0⋅002) and disease perforation (OR 4⋅00, 2⋅81 to 5⋅69; P < 0⋅001). Conclusion: Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone.
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practi... more Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89·6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle...
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Jan 15, 2018
Heavy metals are well known as environmental pollutants with hazardous impacts on human and anima... more Heavy metals are well known as environmental pollutants with hazardous impacts on human and animal health because of their wide industrial usage. In the present study, the role of Spirulina platensis in reversing the oxidative stress-mediated brain injury elicited by lead acetate exposure was evaluated. In order to accomplish this aim, rats were orally administered with 300 mg/kg bw Spirulina for 15 d, before and simultaneously with an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg bw lead acetate [6 injections through the two weeks]. As a result, the co-administration of Spirulina with lead acetate reversed the most impaired open field behavioral indices; however, this did not happen for swimming performance, inclined plane, and grip strength tests. In addition, it was observed that Spirulina diminished the lead content that accumulated in both the blood and the brain tissue of the exposed rats, and reduced the elevated levels of oxidative damage indices, and brain proinflammatory markers. ...
Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface and Drinking Waters in Some Egyptian Governorates
World Applied Sciences Journal
Eleven polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB28, PCB44, PCB52, PCB70, PCB101, PCB105, PCB118, PC... more Eleven polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB28, PCB44, PCB52, PCB70, PCB101, PCB105, PCB118, PCB138, PCB152, PCB180 and PCB192) were monitored in water samples before and after six drinking water treatment stations in three Egyptian governorates (i.e., El-Kalyoubia, Kafr El-Sheikh and Alexandria) from May 2011 to March 2012. Out of 72 surface and drinking water samples collected, 50 were contaminated by PCBs residues representing 69.4%. Among the monitored congeners, PCB180 and 28 were the most abundant and frequently observed congeners in water samples recording 32 and 29%, respectively. On the other hand, PCB70 and 105 were not-detected in all collected samples. In general, the detection of PCBs residues in water samples collected from the six sites tend to be in the following order: El Elkilo 40 (100%) > Shoubra ElKheima (83.3%) ≥ Metoubes (83.3%) > Mostorod (66.7%) > Elseyouf (50%) > Kafr Elsheikh (33.3%). However, the levels of PCBs in about 47% of the drinking wa...
Biodegradation of Chlorpyrifos by Microbial Strains Isolated from Agricultural Wastewater
Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in mineral salt liquid (MSL) medium under different environmental ... more Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in mineral salt liquid (MSL) medium under different environmental factors such as pH of media, temperature and different concentrations of pesticide were investigated to optimize the conditions for biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by microbial strains. Isolating the microbial strains for identifying those having high chlorpyrifos degradation capability in liquid culture was undertaken as well. Out of thirteen microbial isolates from agricultural wastewater samples collected from different pesticides-polluted locations in Egypt, three isolates were only capable of degrading chlorpyrifos and utilizing it as a sole source of carbon and phosphorus. Isolates’ biomass and chlorpyrifos degradation were found to be optimum at 30 °C and pH 7 (for bacteria and actinomycete), and pH 6 for fungi. These strains were identified as Bacillus sp. SMF5, Penicillium sp. F09-T10-1 and Streptomyces thermocarboxydus strain A-B based on morphological and biochemical tests as w...
To evaluate the organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contamination of Manzala Lake, its ecosystem was i... more To evaluate the organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contamination of Manzala Lake, its ecosystem was investigated during the winter season (December to March). The studied ecosystem components were water, sediment, aquatic weeds, and fishes in four locations. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector. Pollutant levels of total OCPs showed significantly high levels in the water areas of Round road (46.253 ng/ml), Port-Said Damietta road (19.301 ng/ml), followed by Bughas El-Rasoah (5.539 ng/ml), then Ashtoum El Gamel (natural reserve area now) (0.289 ng/ml). Organochlorines were detected in sediment only in Round road (3.359 μg/kg) and Port-Said Damietta road (0.171 μg/kg) by significant order while they were undetectable in Ashtoum El Gamel and Bughas El-Rasoah. Total OCPs in aquatic weeds ranged between 0.194 μg/kg in Port-Said Damietta and 0.026 μg/kg in Ashtoum El Gamel. While OCPs were 0.160 and 0.153 μg/kg in Round road and Bughas El-Rasoah, respectively. Concerning fish muscles OCPs were significantly higher in the Round road area (0.397 μg/kg) followed by the Port-Said Damietta road (0.258 μg/kg), and finally, Ashtoum El Gamel samples (0.126 μg/kg). The results revealed the direct relation for the accumulation of OCPs between studied ecosystem parameters at the Manzala Lake during the winter season. Results also demonstrated that fish samples collected from the Manzala Lake in the studied areas were contaminated with levels of organochlorines, not higher than the maximum permissible level recorded by FAO/WHO, and that the public is not at risk with fish consumption.
Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, b... more Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with e...
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