Background: Numerous studies have examined the effect of selfdetermination education on student l... more Background: Numerous studies have examined the effect of selfdetermination education on student learning, but research that has developed designing and editing an empowerment education package with self-determination approach and its effectiveness on student math performance and belifs has been neglected. Aims: the purpose of this was to designing and editing an empowerment education package with self-determination approach and its effectiveness on girl and boy students math performance and belifs with low performance in this lesson. Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and combined in terms of method)qualitative and quantitative), the qualitative part was the design of a education package and the quantitative part was semi-experimental with design pre-test,post-test and follow with control group. The study population consisted of all students ninth grade in 6 district Tehran city during the years 2019-2020 with low performance in math. 32 people were targeted selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (16 people). The instruments of the present study were Leder and Forgasz (2002) mathematical Academic Belief Questionnaire, For the experimental group, training was held in 8 sessions of 60 minutes While the control group did not receive any intervention. Proposed research package for empowerment education with selfdetermination approach it was designed based on the theory of Deci & Ryan (2004). Data analysis was performed by frequent measurments analysis of variance. Results: an empowerment education package with self-determination approach had a significant effect on math performance and belifs (with low performance in this lesson) (P<0/01). Conclusion: girl and boy students who participated in empowerment education sessions based on self-determination approach had better performance and Improvement beliefs to math lesson. Therefore, it is recommended to be considered as one of the educational programs at educational institutions Including Ministry of Education.
This study investigates the mediating role of life management strategies to see how information p... more This study investigates the mediating role of life management strategies to see how information processing styles indirectly influence subjective well-being. Participants were 440 university students (female = 202, male = 238) ranging in age from 18 to 50 years from all levels and all majors from universities in Quchan, Iran. In a nonexperimental design and by using path analysis, we found that selection, optimization, and compensation fully mediated the relationship between information processing styles and subjective well-being. Our proposed model fitted well to the data and could account for a significant proportion of variance in satisfaction with life, positive affects, and negative affects’ scores (42%, 51%, and 35%, respectively). These results provide empirical evidence that rational information processing style is a defining factor for planning, and its impact on subjective indicators of well-being operates indirectly and through life management strategies. This model, with...
The home learning environment (HLE) index is composed of seven questions regarding educational pa... more The home learning environment (HLE) index is composed of seven questions regarding educational parent–child interactions. To compare the psychometric characteristics of the six items of HLE index between the two different contexts of Germany and Iran, a sample including 468 preschool children from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), Germany, and 465 preschool children from the Longitudinal Study of Iranian Children (LSIC; Growing Up in Iran) were examined. Rasch analysis supports the fitness of the five items of HLE into the model in both countries. However, differential item functioning (DIF) results revealed significant differences between items functioning across the two samples. According to the item difficulty maps, reading to children was the most reported item in the German families, while Iranian parents tended to paint and draw with their children more. While findings support the construct validity and reliability of five of the six items in both samples, different...
This study investigates the psychometric properties of a well-set form of the Rational-Experienti... more This study investigates the psychometric properties of a well-set form of the Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI) for adolescents (REI-A20). Participants were 746 Iranian high school students (412 males, 334 females), selected through multistage sampling method. After subjecting our data to principal components analysis (PCA) and parallel analysis (PA), we found a two-factor structure corresponding to rational and experiential processing. Both rational and experiential scales of the REI-A20 exhibited good internal consistency. These two factors accounted for 37% of the variance. The fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the cross-validity of the inventory. Rationality, but not experientiality, was significantly related to better school performance, elaboration, organization, and metacognitive strategies. Males scored significantly higher on rational scale, but there was no difference between females and males in scores on experiential scale. This new inventory has reliable scores, and allows for valid inferences in assessing individual differences in adolescents' preference for the rational and experiential information-processing styles.
The aim of this study to investigate the relationship between perceptions of classroom goal struc... more The aim of this study to investigate the relationship between perceptions of classroom goal structure, thinking styles, approaches to learning and academic achievement. For this purpose, in correlational research design, 311 boy students were selected from under graduated students of Abhar Azad University through stratified sampling. Three questionnaires were used: Perception of classroom goal structure scale (PALS), Thinking styles inventory and Study Process Questionnaire. academic achievement of students was assessed through their fall semester average grades. The result indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between academic achievement, mastery goal structure, thinking styles of type 1 and deep approaches to learning. There is no significant relationship between academic achievement, performance-approaches goal structure and goal structure performance-avoid. Also there is a significant negative relationship between academic achievement, thinking styles of type 2.
Background: Researches showed that interactive programs on drug abuse prevention are generally a ... more Background: Researches showed that interactive programs on drug abuse prevention are generally a more effective than non-interactive ones. As a kind of school-based intervention, peer-led is a new interactive tool designed to utilize social influence theory for drug abuse prevention at school years. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of peer-led education program on students' drug use prevention. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the samples selected from four boys and three girl's high schools (n = 500) assigned in intervention group (n = 250) and control groups (n = 250) randomly so that one girl's (n = 250) and one boy's (n = 125) school allocated in each intervention. All students filled a self-report drug use experiment questionnaire at pre-test and post-test stages. The data were analyzed via mean, SD and ANVOVA. Results: Compared with the control group, intervention group who received education via peer-led program decreased students' drug use rates significantly. Conclusion: Peer-led could be a cost-effective method for drug abuse prevention purposes. This program needs to be assessed and examined in different contexts.
Developing and preparation of school bonding questionnaire (SBQ) in students
The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire for assessing students’ school bonding. The m... more The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire for assessing students’ school bonding. The method used in this study was mixed research method and the research population included all students in all levels of Ardebil in 2011-2012 academic year. In the part of focal discussion a sample including 12 groups with 84 school students (42 female and 42 male) were selected in a purposeful manner from schools of different areas and were interviewed in groups with seven students. In quantitative research, 1071 students were chosen through multiple steps random sampling. The result of the validation through internal consistency method based on alpha Cronbach was 0.93. Evaluation of the content validity, predictive and construct validity of the questionnaire confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. The results obtained from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that School Bonding Questionnaire (SBQ) consists of six factors: attachment to teachers, attachment to school...
The relationship between gender, perception of classroom structure, achievement goals, perceived ... more The relationship between gender, perception of classroom structure, achievement goals, perceived instrumentality and academic achievement in English course third grad middle school students (English as second language)
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the situation of girl's future orientation an... more The purpose of the present study was to investigate the situation of girl's future orientation and its relationship with academic achievement. For this purpose, 193 second year girl high school students were chosen by stratified sampling from Tehran city high schools. To measure future orientation, Seginer questionnaire including 3 components: motivational, behavioral and cognitive was used and for academic achievement, three mean scores of English language, mathematics and Persian language was applied. The findings suggested that Iranian girl students have a future orientation and there is a positive relationship between future orientation and academic achievement.
The Role of Math Self-Efficacy, Math Self-Concept, Perceived Usefulness of Mathematics and Math Anxiety in Math Achievement
In order to identify the main predictors of math achievement the following five variables were in... more In order to identify the main predictors of math achievement the following five variables were investigated using Regression Analysis and Path Analysis Method: math self-efficacy, math self concept (Marsh, 1983), perceived usefulness of mathematic (Fennema 2000), math anxiety (Betz, 1978) and gender. The responses of 400 subjects to the instruments used for measuring the above mentioned variables were analyzed. The math self-concept and math anxiety were highly correlated. Due to the multicollinearity between the two-mentioned variables, the math anxiety was deleted from the path model. The results showed that math self-efficacy is a strong predictor of math achievement compared to math self-concept, perceived usefulness of mathematics and gender. The direct effect of math self-concept and perceived usefulness of mathematic on math achievement was not significant. The mediating role of math self-efficacy between gender, math self-concept, perceived usefulness of mathematic and math ...
The academic optimism construct is an individual belief in teachers consisting of three component... more The academic optimism construct is an individual belief in teachers consisting of three components: sense of efficacy, teacher trust in parents and students and academic emphasis which through creating an active and positive learning environment leads to the academic progress and success of the students. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between individual characteristics, identity styles, and identity commitment and the teacher's academic optimism. A sample consisting of 303 primary and middle school teachers (172 female and 131 male) were selected by stratified sampling and completed the revised version of Identity Styles Inventory (ISI-4) ( Smits et al., Unpublished ) and Teacher's Academic Optimism Questionnaire . The data were analyzed by a stepwise regression analysis and the results indicated that the informational identity style was the main predictor of the teacher's academic optimism.
Background: Numerous studies have examined the effect of selfdetermination education on student l... more Background: Numerous studies have examined the effect of selfdetermination education on student learning, but research that has developed designing and editing an empowerment education package with self-determination approach and its effectiveness on student math performance and belifs has been neglected. Aims: the purpose of this was to designing and editing an empowerment education package with self-determination approach and its effectiveness on girl and boy students math performance and belifs with low performance in this lesson. Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and combined in terms of method)qualitative and quantitative), the qualitative part was the design of a education package and the quantitative part was semi-experimental with design pre-test,post-test and follow with control group. The study population consisted of all students ninth grade in 6 district Tehran city during the years 2019-2020 with low performance in math. 32 people were targeted selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (16 people). The instruments of the present study were Leder and Forgasz (2002) mathematical Academic Belief Questionnaire, For the experimental group, training was held in 8 sessions of 60 minutes While the control group did not receive any intervention. Proposed research package for empowerment education with selfdetermination approach it was designed based on the theory of Deci & Ryan (2004). Data analysis was performed by frequent measurments analysis of variance. Results: an empowerment education package with self-determination approach had a significant effect on math performance and belifs (with low performance in this lesson) (P<0/01). Conclusion: girl and boy students who participated in empowerment education sessions based on self-determination approach had better performance and Improvement beliefs to math lesson. Therefore, it is recommended to be considered as one of the educational programs at educational institutions Including Ministry of Education.
This study investigates the mediating role of life management strategies to see how information p... more This study investigates the mediating role of life management strategies to see how information processing styles indirectly influence subjective well-being. Participants were 440 university students (female = 202, male = 238) ranging in age from 18 to 50 years from all levels and all majors from universities in Quchan, Iran. In a nonexperimental design and by using path analysis, we found that selection, optimization, and compensation fully mediated the relationship between information processing styles and subjective well-being. Our proposed model fitted well to the data and could account for a significant proportion of variance in satisfaction with life, positive affects, and negative affects’ scores (42%, 51%, and 35%, respectively). These results provide empirical evidence that rational information processing style is a defining factor for planning, and its impact on subjective indicators of well-being operates indirectly and through life management strategies. This model, with...
The home learning environment (HLE) index is composed of seven questions regarding educational pa... more The home learning environment (HLE) index is composed of seven questions regarding educational parent–child interactions. To compare the psychometric characteristics of the six items of HLE index between the two different contexts of Germany and Iran, a sample including 468 preschool children from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), Germany, and 465 preschool children from the Longitudinal Study of Iranian Children (LSIC; Growing Up in Iran) were examined. Rasch analysis supports the fitness of the five items of HLE into the model in both countries. However, differential item functioning (DIF) results revealed significant differences between items functioning across the two samples. According to the item difficulty maps, reading to children was the most reported item in the German families, while Iranian parents tended to paint and draw with their children more. While findings support the construct validity and reliability of five of the six items in both samples, different...
This study investigates the psychometric properties of a well-set form of the Rational-Experienti... more This study investigates the psychometric properties of a well-set form of the Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI) for adolescents (REI-A20). Participants were 746 Iranian high school students (412 males, 334 females), selected through multistage sampling method. After subjecting our data to principal components analysis (PCA) and parallel analysis (PA), we found a two-factor structure corresponding to rational and experiential processing. Both rational and experiential scales of the REI-A20 exhibited good internal consistency. These two factors accounted for 37% of the variance. The fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the cross-validity of the inventory. Rationality, but not experientiality, was significantly related to better school performance, elaboration, organization, and metacognitive strategies. Males scored significantly higher on rational scale, but there was no difference between females and males in scores on experiential scale. This new inventory has reliable scores, and allows for valid inferences in assessing individual differences in adolescents' preference for the rational and experiential information-processing styles.
The aim of this study to investigate the relationship between perceptions of classroom goal struc... more The aim of this study to investigate the relationship between perceptions of classroom goal structure, thinking styles, approaches to learning and academic achievement. For this purpose, in correlational research design, 311 boy students were selected from under graduated students of Abhar Azad University through stratified sampling. Three questionnaires were used: Perception of classroom goal structure scale (PALS), Thinking styles inventory and Study Process Questionnaire. academic achievement of students was assessed through their fall semester average grades. The result indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between academic achievement, mastery goal structure, thinking styles of type 1 and deep approaches to learning. There is no significant relationship between academic achievement, performance-approaches goal structure and goal structure performance-avoid. Also there is a significant negative relationship between academic achievement, thinking styles of type 2.
Background: Researches showed that interactive programs on drug abuse prevention are generally a ... more Background: Researches showed that interactive programs on drug abuse prevention are generally a more effective than non-interactive ones. As a kind of school-based intervention, peer-led is a new interactive tool designed to utilize social influence theory for drug abuse prevention at school years. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of peer-led education program on students' drug use prevention. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the samples selected from four boys and three girl's high schools (n = 500) assigned in intervention group (n = 250) and control groups (n = 250) randomly so that one girl's (n = 250) and one boy's (n = 125) school allocated in each intervention. All students filled a self-report drug use experiment questionnaire at pre-test and post-test stages. The data were analyzed via mean, SD and ANVOVA. Results: Compared with the control group, intervention group who received education via peer-led program decreased students' drug use rates significantly. Conclusion: Peer-led could be a cost-effective method for drug abuse prevention purposes. This program needs to be assessed and examined in different contexts.
Developing and preparation of school bonding questionnaire (SBQ) in students
The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire for assessing students’ school bonding. The m... more The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire for assessing students’ school bonding. The method used in this study was mixed research method and the research population included all students in all levels of Ardebil in 2011-2012 academic year. In the part of focal discussion a sample including 12 groups with 84 school students (42 female and 42 male) were selected in a purposeful manner from schools of different areas and were interviewed in groups with seven students. In quantitative research, 1071 students were chosen through multiple steps random sampling. The result of the validation through internal consistency method based on alpha Cronbach was 0.93. Evaluation of the content validity, predictive and construct validity of the questionnaire confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. The results obtained from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that School Bonding Questionnaire (SBQ) consists of six factors: attachment to teachers, attachment to school...
The relationship between gender, perception of classroom structure, achievement goals, perceived ... more The relationship between gender, perception of classroom structure, achievement goals, perceived instrumentality and academic achievement in English course third grad middle school students (English as second language)
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the situation of girl's future orientation an... more The purpose of the present study was to investigate the situation of girl's future orientation and its relationship with academic achievement. For this purpose, 193 second year girl high school students were chosen by stratified sampling from Tehran city high schools. To measure future orientation, Seginer questionnaire including 3 components: motivational, behavioral and cognitive was used and for academic achievement, three mean scores of English language, mathematics and Persian language was applied. The findings suggested that Iranian girl students have a future orientation and there is a positive relationship between future orientation and academic achievement.
The Role of Math Self-Efficacy, Math Self-Concept, Perceived Usefulness of Mathematics and Math Anxiety in Math Achievement
In order to identify the main predictors of math achievement the following five variables were in... more In order to identify the main predictors of math achievement the following five variables were investigated using Regression Analysis and Path Analysis Method: math self-efficacy, math self concept (Marsh, 1983), perceived usefulness of mathematic (Fennema 2000), math anxiety (Betz, 1978) and gender. The responses of 400 subjects to the instruments used for measuring the above mentioned variables were analyzed. The math self-concept and math anxiety were highly correlated. Due to the multicollinearity between the two-mentioned variables, the math anxiety was deleted from the path model. The results showed that math self-efficacy is a strong predictor of math achievement compared to math self-concept, perceived usefulness of mathematics and gender. The direct effect of math self-concept and perceived usefulness of mathematic on math achievement was not significant. The mediating role of math self-efficacy between gender, math self-concept, perceived usefulness of mathematic and math ...
The academic optimism construct is an individual belief in teachers consisting of three component... more The academic optimism construct is an individual belief in teachers consisting of three components: sense of efficacy, teacher trust in parents and students and academic emphasis which through creating an active and positive learning environment leads to the academic progress and success of the students. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between individual characteristics, identity styles, and identity commitment and the teacher's academic optimism. A sample consisting of 303 primary and middle school teachers (172 female and 131 male) were selected by stratified sampling and completed the revised version of Identity Styles Inventory (ISI-4) ( Smits et al., Unpublished ) and Teacher's Academic Optimism Questionnaire . The data were analyzed by a stepwise regression analysis and the results indicated that the informational identity style was the main predictor of the teacher's academic optimism.
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