Urinary stone formation has been evolved to a widespread disease during the last years. The reaso... more Urinary stone formation has been evolved to a widespread disease during the last years. The reason for the formation of urinary stones are little crystals, mostly composed of calcium oxalate, which are formed in human kidneys. The early diagnosis of the risk for urinary stone formation of patients can be determined by the "Bonn-Risk-Index" method based on the potentiometric detection of the Ca 2+-ion concentration and an optical determination of the triggered crystallisation of calcium oxalate in unprocessed urine. In this work, miniaturised capacitive field-effect EMIS (electrolyte-membrane-insulator-semiconductor) sensors have been developed for the determination of the Ca 2+-ion concentration in human native urine. The Ca 2+-sensitive EMIS sensors have been systematically characterised by impedance spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance method in terms of sensitivity, signal stability and response time in both CaCl 2 solutions and in native urine. The obtained results demonstrate the suitability of EMIS sensors for the measurement of the Ca 2+-ion concentration in native urine of patients.
lowered. It can be expected, that the BRI-principle allows also for the screening of other metabo... more lowered. It can be expected, that the BRI-principle allows also for the screening of other metabolic diseases.
Das Aufwachsen von diamantähnlichem Kohlenstoff (DLC) auf Polyethylene (PE) geht einher mit der B... more Das Aufwachsen von diamantähnlichem Kohlenstoff (DLC) auf Polyethylene (PE) geht einher mit der Bildung einer Zwischenschicht. Dabei verändert sich die ursprüngliche Oberflächenstruktur des Kunststoffes und geht schrittweise in die ungeordnete Struktur der DLC‐Schicht über.Bevor DLC im Kohlenwasserstoffplasma mittels PECVD‐Methode aufgebracht werden kann, werden alle Substrate unter Verwendung eines Sauerstoffplasmas gereinigt. Dieser erste Teilschritt ist extrem wichtig für das Aufwachsen der DLC‐Schicht, da hierbei die Probenoberfläche bereits abgetragen und teilweise eingeebnet wird.Kunststoffe können durch DLC‐Beschichtung erfolgreich in der Stabilität verbessert und mit zusätzlichen Eigenschaften und neuen Funktionalitäten ausgestattet werden. Erste mikroskopische Erklärungen für die makroskopischen Phänomene und anwendungsrelevante Fragen konnten aufgezeigt werden. Außerdem werden die Grenzen der Machbarkeit thematisiert. Die hier vorgestellten Methoden werden nun auf weitere Materialien und Beschichtungen angewandt.
Industrially high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was successively covered by two types of amorphous ... more Industrially high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was successively covered by two types of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films, one more flexible (f-type) and the other more robust (r-type). The films have been grown by radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) technique with acetylene plasma. The surface morphology of both types has been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Contact angle measurements and Raman spectroscopy analysis were done to investigate the surface wettability and carbon chemical composition. Both types display similar morphology and grain growth pattern. Contact angle measurements revealed surface modifications especially at smaller r-depositions with a pronounced hydrophilic behavior. The f-depositions remain almost unchanged. For high r-depositions a rearrangement of the carbon composition is found and related to a growth of sp2 hybridized carbon species, despite of the hydrogen content. The values of the average grain heights are correlated to the values of the average grain areas and are localized in a limited area, indicating a given regularity during the different carbon depositions.
Journal of vacuum science & technology, Dec 9, 2022
The applications of multicomponent coatings (such as doped ternary or quaternary coatings) with s... more The applications of multicomponent coatings (such as doped ternary or quaternary coatings) with superior functional properties have been shown to efficiently and sustainably improve the life span of engineering materials. This study reports the synergistic effect of negative substrate bias voltages Us and reactive gas QN2 ratio on the properties of phosphorous (P) microalloyed Ti1−xAl0.8xP0.2xN multicomponent coatings deposited using high power impulse magnetron sputtering. It is found that an increase of Us enhances the densification of the deposited coatings, with mixed cubic (c)-TiN and cubic (c)-AlN phases, as identified from the XRD pattern analysis. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy showed that the incorporation of Al and P into the TiN structure increases the gap region between the acoustic and optic bands. An optimized mechanical property of the coatings, with a maximum hardness of 28.6 GPa was measured at Us = − 40 V and QN2 = 7 SCCM, and improved adhesion of coatings with H/E > 0.081, was possible. Improved corrosion resistance was also measured for microalloyed TiAlPN coatings. The microalloying of P with TiAlN has, thus, been shown to affect both the anodic and cathodic reactions and inhibit the corrosion of AISI 5206 steel.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1998
Transient magnetic fields (TF) have been measured for oxygen ions with the IhO(3) state as probe ... more Transient magnetic fields (TF) have been measured for oxygen ions with the IhO(3) state as probe traversing thin layers of crystalline Fe and amorphous FesoB2,, compounds. The TF associated with polarized Is electrons have strengths of &r(Fe)=412 (38) T in Fe and Brr(FeB)= 368 (62) T in FeB implying degrees of polarization of p,,(Fe) = 0.13 (I) and p,$(FeB) = 0.14 (3) respectively. The strength parameter u = 12.1 (2.3) T deduced for FeB agrees very well with other data rendering it highly suitable for TF measurements.
Urinary stone formation has been evolved to a widespread disease during the last years. The reaso... more Urinary stone formation has been evolved to a widespread disease during the last years. The reason for the formation of urinary stones are little crystals, mostly composed of calcium oxalate, which are formed in human kidneys. The early diagnosis of the risk for urinary stone formation of patients can be determined by the "Bonn-Risk-Index" method based on the potentiometric detection of the Ca 2+-ion concentration and an optical determination of the triggered crystallisation of calcium oxalate in unprocessed urine. In this work, miniaturised capacitive field-effect EMIS (electrolyte-membrane-insulator-semiconductor) sensors have been developed for the determination of the Ca 2+-ion concentration in human native urine. The Ca 2+-sensitive EMIS sensors have been systematically characterised by impedance spectroscopy, capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance method in terms of sensitivity, signal stability and response time in both CaCl 2 solutions and in native urine. The obtained results demonstrate the suitability of EMIS sensors for the measurement of the Ca 2+-ion concentration in native urine of patients.
lowered. It can be expected, that the BRI-principle allows also for the screening of other metabo... more lowered. It can be expected, that the BRI-principle allows also for the screening of other metabolic diseases.
Das Aufwachsen von diamantähnlichem Kohlenstoff (DLC) auf Polyethylene (PE) geht einher mit der B... more Das Aufwachsen von diamantähnlichem Kohlenstoff (DLC) auf Polyethylene (PE) geht einher mit der Bildung einer Zwischenschicht. Dabei verändert sich die ursprüngliche Oberflächenstruktur des Kunststoffes und geht schrittweise in die ungeordnete Struktur der DLC‐Schicht über.Bevor DLC im Kohlenwasserstoffplasma mittels PECVD‐Methode aufgebracht werden kann, werden alle Substrate unter Verwendung eines Sauerstoffplasmas gereinigt. Dieser erste Teilschritt ist extrem wichtig für das Aufwachsen der DLC‐Schicht, da hierbei die Probenoberfläche bereits abgetragen und teilweise eingeebnet wird.Kunststoffe können durch DLC‐Beschichtung erfolgreich in der Stabilität verbessert und mit zusätzlichen Eigenschaften und neuen Funktionalitäten ausgestattet werden. Erste mikroskopische Erklärungen für die makroskopischen Phänomene und anwendungsrelevante Fragen konnten aufgezeigt werden. Außerdem werden die Grenzen der Machbarkeit thematisiert. Die hier vorgestellten Methoden werden nun auf weitere Materialien und Beschichtungen angewandt.
Industrially high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was successively covered by two types of amorphous ... more Industrially high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was successively covered by two types of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films, one more flexible (f-type) and the other more robust (r-type). The films have been grown by radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) technique with acetylene plasma. The surface morphology of both types has been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Contact angle measurements and Raman spectroscopy analysis were done to investigate the surface wettability and carbon chemical composition. Both types display similar morphology and grain growth pattern. Contact angle measurements revealed surface modifications especially at smaller r-depositions with a pronounced hydrophilic behavior. The f-depositions remain almost unchanged. For high r-depositions a rearrangement of the carbon composition is found and related to a growth of sp2 hybridized carbon species, despite of the hydrogen content. The values of the average grain heights are correlated to the values of the average grain areas and are localized in a limited area, indicating a given regularity during the different carbon depositions.
Journal of vacuum science & technology, Dec 9, 2022
The applications of multicomponent coatings (such as doped ternary or quaternary coatings) with s... more The applications of multicomponent coatings (such as doped ternary or quaternary coatings) with superior functional properties have been shown to efficiently and sustainably improve the life span of engineering materials. This study reports the synergistic effect of negative substrate bias voltages Us and reactive gas QN2 ratio on the properties of phosphorous (P) microalloyed Ti1−xAl0.8xP0.2xN multicomponent coatings deposited using high power impulse magnetron sputtering. It is found that an increase of Us enhances the densification of the deposited coatings, with mixed cubic (c)-TiN and cubic (c)-AlN phases, as identified from the XRD pattern analysis. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy showed that the incorporation of Al and P into the TiN structure increases the gap region between the acoustic and optic bands. An optimized mechanical property of the coatings, with a maximum hardness of 28.6 GPa was measured at Us = − 40 V and QN2 = 7 SCCM, and improved adhesion of coatings with H/E > 0.081, was possible. Improved corrosion resistance was also measured for microalloyed TiAlPN coatings. The microalloying of P with TiAlN has, thus, been shown to affect both the anodic and cathodic reactions and inhibit the corrosion of AISI 5206 steel.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1998
Transient magnetic fields (TF) have been measured for oxygen ions with the IhO(3) state as probe ... more Transient magnetic fields (TF) have been measured for oxygen ions with the IhO(3) state as probe traversing thin layers of crystalline Fe and amorphous FesoB2,, compounds. The TF associated with polarized Is electrons have strengths of &r(Fe)=412 (38) T in Fe and Brr(FeB)= 368 (62) T in FeB implying degrees of polarization of p,,(Fe) = 0.13 (I) and p,$(FeB) = 0.14 (3) respectively. The strength parameter u = 12.1 (2.3) T deduced for FeB agrees very well with other data rendering it highly suitable for TF measurements.
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Papers by Heinz Busch