Papers by Heidi Hartikainen
International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction
Nordic Human-Computer Interaction Conference
Bullying is a serious problem concerning us all. The problem has already been tackled within HCI ... more Bullying is a serious problem concerning us all. The problem has already been tackled within HCI research, including different design and technology-based interventions, some of which strongly advocate human agency, social responsibility, action taking, and ownership for children. Along these lines, we address the problem of bullying in collaboration with children through critical design and Making. Critical and empowering approaches have aroused interest in child computer interaction (CCI) research, while we particularly explore Theatre of the Oppressed as a tool for evaluating design concepts with children and for empowering children to act as agents of change. Different theatre and drama-based methods have been utilized in CCI, while their potential for empowering children remains poorly explored. This study positions Theatre of the Oppressed within critical design and Making process, examines children's experiences with it and scrutinizes in which sense it can be considered empowering, with implications for CCI research and design.
Adjunct Proceedings of the 2022 Nordic Human-Computer Interaction Conference
6th FabLearn Europe / MakeEd Conference 2022
6th FabLearn Europe / MakeEd Conference 2022
As our relationship with digital technology radically changes during this pandemic, it becomes im... more As our relationship with digital technology radically changes during this pandemic, it becomes imperative to reimagine new ways of interactions and collaborations. It is also important for children grow from passive consumers of digital technology to active designers and Makers. Typical research approaches for inquiring or probing children's digital technology identities include interview-, reflection-, and hands-on creative-types of methods. But how will these methods fare in a future that is online or hybrid? In this paper, we present the outcomes of a workshop that employed critical design fiction with Child-Computer Interaction experts to speculate on how such methods can be applied in the future, in online or limited access scenarios, to study children's designer and Maker identities. We focused on approaches that are empowering, albeit provocative. We call for researchers working with children to reconsider and expand their methods repertoire to keep in tune with the changing times. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Human computer interaction (HCI); HCI design and evaluation methods.
Interaction Design and Architecture(s)
2020 marks the beginning of a new era as the pandemic catapulted us into new digital and virtual ... more 2020 marks the beginning of a new era as the pandemic catapulted us into new digital and virtual ways of everyday life. As the world changes, we reimagine empowering, equitable, accessible, diverse, and inclusive digital futures, through a series of projects and workshops with a diverse set of participants - children in schools and Child Computer Interaction researchers. We conducted one long-term project with two schools in Finland and two one-day workshops with an international set of participants. Through an analysis of participants’ experiences and outcomes in the project and workshops, we build a case for diversity and inclusionthrough design fiction in the context of children’s education. In addition, through an analysis of the process we as researchers took for developing the project and workshops, we showcase the support of diversity and inclusion in design fiction.
Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 2017
Worries over children’s online safety increase as ever younger children have their personal digit... more Worries over children’s online safety increase as ever younger children have their personal digital life. As digital technology use also increases in schools, teachers have natural opportunities to mediate children’s online safety. However, a better understanding of how it can be integrated with schoolwork is needed. We study how teachers mediate children’s online safety in primary schools. Through nexus analysis, we examine discourses of trust, control, and involvement that the teacher’s engage in. We also uncover many actors and history and experience related issues that shape the mediation of children’s online safety. This study results in a variety of ideas as regards how IS research can support teachers and schools in mediating children’s online safety.
Modern Socio-Technical Perspectives on Privacy, 2022
Late adolescence represents an important life stage where children are becoming more independent ... more Late adolescence represents an important life stage where children are becoming more independent and autonomous from their parents but are not quite old enough to go out on their own. Teenagers are also avid users of mobile devices and social media and actively use their smartphones to connect with friends and share their lives. Much of the research looking at teen technology use has employed a risk-centric approach; in other words, it takes the view that teens are putting themselves at risk by sharing personal information online, so the privacy-oriented solutions typically involve parental monitoring or technology restrictions. In this chapter, we review the research on teens, technology use, and privacy and discuss why such risk-centric models may be problematic to teens’ maturation. Instead, we argue that—much like it was for prior generations—risk-taking is a learning process critical to becoming a young adult and that teens do think about their privacy online, albeit in differe...
FabLearn Europe / MakeEd 2021 - An International Conference on Computing, Design and Making in Education, 2021
Digital fabrication, making and entrepreneurship education all have potential to empower children... more Digital fabrication, making and entrepreneurship education all have potential to empower children and increase their abilities to participate and shape the society and digitalization within, and act as active "protagonists" instead of passive consumers. While the potential of these educational trends has been acknowledged, they have mostly been studied separately and without specific focus on challenges involved. We have conducted a business innovation project with teenagers at school, combining elements of digital fabrication, making and entrepreneurship education. Our qualitative, data-driven analysis focused on the process and the challenges involved in the endeavor. As a result, we generate a list of lessons learned associated with teenagers adopting the role of a protagonist, driving business innovation. Our main findings relate to the lessons learned on the importance of balancing the making activities with the entrepreneurial aspects and negotiating the roles and responsibilities between the adult participants.
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2021
The internet facilitates opportunities for adolescents to form relationships and explore their se... more The internet facilitates opportunities for adolescents to form relationships and explore their sexuality but seeking intimacy online has also become a stressor. As a result, adolescents often turn to the internet to seek support concerning issues related to sex because of its accessibility, interactivity, and anonymity. We analyzed 3,050 peer comments and 1,451 replies from adolescents (837 posts) who sought advice and/or support about online sexual experiences involving known others. We found peers mostly provided information and emotional support. They gave advice on how to handle negative online sexual experiences and mitigate their long-term repercussions, often based on their own negative experiences. They provided emotional support by letting teens know that they were not alone and should not blame themselves. A key implication of these findings is that these situations seemingly occurred regularly and youth were converging on a subset of norms about how to handle such situati...
Information Systems (IS) among other Information Technology (IT) disciplines has been concerned w... more Information Systems (IS) among other Information Technology (IT) disciplines has been concerned with student recruitment, while high school students have little knowledge of what the field can offer. We piloted an IS oriented entrepreneurship course in a Finnish high school, with 24 students and their teacher. The purpose was to examine how we can change the students’ understanding of the IT field. The course consisted of information about the IT field and tasks that helped students develop a business idea and plan. During the course, we gathered data through observation, questionnaires and essays, and teacher interviews. We show what kind of value was created to the stakeholders and an example of resemiotisation of the image of IT, as students drew on their everyday experiences when making sense of the course and the IT field. Moreover, we present a concept of a university-high school collaboration course
Companion Publication of the 2021 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, 2021
Trigger Warning: This paper contains sensitive topics such as sexual and self-harm and may be tri... more Trigger Warning: This paper contains sensitive topics such as sexual and self-harm and may be triggering.
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2021
The opportunity for online engagement increases possible exposure to potentially risky behaviors ... more The opportunity for online engagement increases possible exposure to potentially risky behaviors for teens, which may have significant negative consequences. Effective family communication about online safety can help reduce the risky adolescent behavior and limit the consequences after it occurs. Our paper contributes a theory of communication factors that positively influence teen and parent perception of communication about online safety and provides design implications based on those findings. While previous work identified gaps in family communication regarding online safety, our study quantitatively identified the factors that significantly contribute to parents' and teens' differing perceptions. We analyzed data from a survey of 215 teen-parent pairs through a cross-sectional design and examined the factors that contribute to increased family communication about online safety. For parents, active mediation, technical monitoring, and a perceived positive affect of the ...
Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2019, 2019
Inspired by the Maker Movement and attempts of integrating Making into formal education of childr... more Inspired by the Maker Movement and attempts of integrating Making into formal education of children, we have examined how practice-oriented the research on Making and education is in Child-Computer Interaction field. Our results show that despite the growing interest practice-orientation is still weak. Making efforts rarely aim for longitudinal durable patterns and practices even though practice-driven research has started to gain prominence in the whole Human-Computer Interaction field. General ideas of what Making integrated with education can be and should be seem to be well shared among practitioners, however. We demonstrate what aspects should be considered when doing practiceoriented Making research and point out gaps in our current understanding of the practice. We also provide guidelines for how to study Making in order to develop sustainable practices.
FabLearn Europe / MakeEd 2021 - An International Conference on Computing, Design and Making in Education, 2021
Recently, there has been a large body of research exploring the possibilities of digital fabricat... more Recently, there has been a large body of research exploring the possibilities of digital fabrication and making in school context. To truly embrace the spirit of equity and democracy so essential to the maker movement, more research is needed concerning how these activities can be used to empower marginalized and at-risk groups. In this paper, we introduce preliminary insights from Make4Change project, that aims to strengthen the social inclusion and employability of unemployed, young people and immigrants outside the labor market through digital fabrication and making. We use the criteria for empowerment of participants as a tool to reflect the planning, organization, and execution of learning activities and on improving our process moving forward. We believe that insights from Make4Change will be useful to practitioners and researchers looking to empower underrepresented, marginal, or at-risk populations through making.
32nd Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 2020
Previous literature highlights the importance of teaching children design and Making skills. Howe... more Previous literature highlights the importance of teaching children design and Making skills. However, there are fundamental diferences in projects engaging children in design and Making, concerning the objects and motives of design. They vary depending on whether one emphasizes participatory design, user centered design, Making philosophy or entrepreneurship education, among others. In the frst two, the emphasis is on the appreciation and engagement with the user, who is seen as separable from the designer. The third one often starts with solving one's own problems while the fourth one prioritizes the customer. In this paper, we analyze the existing literature and three of our own design and Making projects with children. We reveal diversity in the projects reported in the literature and challenges among children in our projects in understanding the design goals and practices, particularly relating to designing for oneself versus designing for others. We propose a categorization for mapping and managing this diversity.
International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 2019
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Electronic Workshops in Computing, 2017
This study examines children's online safety with a particular interest in children's online safe... more This study examines children's online safety with a particular interest in children's online safety skills and conduct as well as parents' mediation strategies. A survey of 141 children and 163 parents was conducted. Children have encountered a variety of different online threats, but not many children have been scared or disturbed by what they have seen or experienced. Our study revealed that children have a significantly more positive opinion about their own safety skills than their parents have, and that parents have a significantly more positive view on the amount of online safety mediation they engage in compared to children's view. Implications of these results for research and for designing tools for children's online safety mediation are discussed, suggesting the approach of 'family-negotiated online safety of children'.
Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 2015
Children nowadays start using Internet earlier and earlier. This has gained attention of scholars... more Children nowadays start using Internet earlier and earlier. This has gained attention of scholars in various disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and media. Concerns about children’s online safety have increased but Information Systems (IS) research on this area is still scarce despite of the fact that information security is an established research field within IS research. In this paper we review the existing research on children’s online activities and related threats and risks, as well as initiatives to achieve online safety. We identify gaps in current research, such as lack of qualitative studies and research related to young children, and lack of research addressing the effectiveness of educational initiatives. We also argue that IS research should contribute to this research field for example by studying children’s information security and privacy related behavior, as good information security skills lay the groundwork for privacy, the cornerstone for online safety.
International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, 2011
This paper draws on the socio-technical research tradition in information systems to re-conceptua... more This paper draws on the socio-technical research tradition in information systems to re-conceptualize the information security in emergency response. A conceptual basis encompassing the three layers—technical, cognitive, and organizational—is developed by synthesizing Actor Network Theory and Theory of Organizational Routines. This paper makes the assumption that the emergency response context is built on the relationship between association and connectivity, which continuously shapes the emergency action network and its routines. Empirically, the analysis is based on a single case study conducted across three emergency departments. The data thus collected on information security, emergency department routines, and emergency actions is used to theorize specifically on the association/connectivity relationship. The resultant findings point to the fact that information security layers have a meaning in emergency response that is different from mainstream definitions of information sec...
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Papers by Heidi Hartikainen