Previous research shows inconsistent evidence in regard to gender differences in optimism for exp... more Previous research shows inconsistent evidence in regard to gender differences in optimism for experiencing a happy marriage or avoiding divorce depending on whether optimism is measured as comparative optimism (thinking you are better off than your peers) or as personal optimism (estimating your own chances). Results from four samples of unmarried college students (N = 814) indicated that men exhibited greater comparative optimism than women for having a happy marriage but not for getting divorced. For having a happy marriage and avoiding divorce, men exhibited greater personal optimism relative to women. Experience (with parental divorce) moderated the gender difference in personal optimism and perceived control partially mediated the gender difference in comparative optimism (but only for having a happy marriage) and in personal optimism (for both having a happy marriage and avoiding divorce). Results are discussed as they relate to the existing literatures on risk perception and ...
Previous research has identifi ed general personality traits and personality disorders that are a... more Previous research has identifi ed general personality traits and personality disorders that are associated with externalizing behaviour (EB). There is a dearth of research, however, investigating the relations between pathological personality traits and EB. The current study examined pathological personality traits, as measured by the Schedule for Non-adaptive and Adaptive Functioning (SNAP) and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ), in relation to EB. Undergraduates (n = 228) completed the SNAP, DAPP-BQ, and a measure of antisocial behaviour, substance use, gambling, intimate partner violence and risky sexual behaviour. Using confi rmatory factor analysis, we identifi ed the best fi tting model as one that specifi ed eight factors: fi ve personality factors composed of constructs assessed by the DAPP and SNAP, one externalizing factor and two method factors corresponding to each of the measures. Consistent with the empirical literature using general personality traits, the current results suggest that pathological personality traits related to impulse control (i.e. low conscientiousness), as well as more interpersonally focused traits (i.e. low agreeableness), were most strongly associated with EB.
Research investigating women's risk assessments for intimate partner violence (IPV) shows that wo... more Research investigating women's risk assessments for intimate partner violence (IPV) shows that women can predict future violence with relative accuracy. Limited research has investigated factors that are associated with perceived risk and the potential behavioral consequences of victim risk perception. Results from a survey of women in a domestic violence shelter (N=56) indicated that women perceive lower risk of future violence if the abusive relationship were to end and higher risk of violence if it were to continue. Certain abuse experiences were related to elevated perceptions of personal risk for future violence. Further, perceived personal risk predicted the women's intention to terminate their relationship upon leaving shelter. Results are discussed as they may inform interventions preventing IPV.
ABSTRACT The current study examined the relationship of maternal- and paternal-perpetrated intima... more ABSTRACT The current study examined the relationship of maternal- and paternal-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) to children’s internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Mother-child dyads (N = 53; child ages 8–11) reported maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV exposure and measures of child symptomatology. Results demonstrated that: (a) maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV have similar but not identical relations with child outcomes, (b) mothers’ and children’s reports of paternal-perpetrated IPV were positively related, (c) mother and child report of maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV related to child emotional and behavior problems, and (d) emotion dysregulation mediated the link between IPV exposure and child outcomes. Notably, findings differed by reporters. Results support emotion dysregulation as one mechanism through which IPV exposure may lead to child behavior problems, with implications for clinical intervention.
Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 2010
... Address correspondence to Erin E. Burns, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Ath... more ... Address correspondence to Erin E. Burns, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 ... or the attempt to manage a dysregulated state by employing various strate-gies, whether adaptive or maladaptive (Campos, Frankel, & Camras, 2004; Gratz & Roemer ...
Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 2013
ABSTRACT Theoretical and empirical research suggests possible pathways between women's ex... more ABSTRACT Theoretical and empirical research suggests possible pathways between women's experiences of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and later intimate partner violence victimization (IPV-V) and perpetration (IPV-P), including attachment style and early maladaptive schemas. This study tested a model examining the unique mediating effects of insecure attachment and early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between CEA and IPV-V (n = 396) or IPV-P (n = 409) in college women. Contrary to hypotheses that both attachment style and maladaptive schema endorsement would mediate the relationship between CEA and IPV-V and IPV-P, regression analyses indicated the disconnection/rejection schema domain was the only significant mediator between CEA and IPV-V (p = .01). This same relation held for childhood emotional abuse and IPV-P (p < .001). These findings provide preliminary clinical utility for examining schema endorsement, the use of schema therapy (Young, Klosko, & Weishar, 200341. Young , J. E. , Klosko , J. S. and Weishar , M. E. 2003. Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide, New York: NY: Guilford. View all references), or both with women who have emotional abuse and IPV histories.
Cognitive models have informed understanding of the development, maintenance, and treatment of po... more Cognitive models have informed understanding of the development, maintenance, and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Limited research, however, has examined the relationship of early maladaptive schemas (EMS; Young in Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach (rev. ed.). Professional Resource Press, Sarasota, 1994) to PTSD among trauma survivors. The current study, using a sample of 127 female child
The present study examined the relationship of child maltreatment to both emotion dysregulation a... more The present study examined the relationship of child maltreatment to both emotion dysregulation and subsequent eating pathology. In an effort to extend previous research, the authors examined the unique impact of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) on emotion dysregulation and eating disorder (ED) symptoms while controlling for the effects of sexual and physical abuse. Structural equation modeling was utilized to simultaneously examine the effects of all three abuse types on multiple dependent variables as well as examine whether deficits in emotion regulation mediated the relationship between abuse and eating pathology. Results from a survey of 1,254 female college students revealed significant paths from abuse subtypes to specific eating disorder symptoms, with CEA evidencing the strongest association with ED symptoms. Additionally, emotion dysregulation was positively associated with ED symptoms, and mediated the effects of emotional abuse on symptoms. Findings support previous research on the enduring effects of emotional abuse as well as highlight the importance of the assessment of CEA in the treatment of ED symptoms.
Previous research shows inconsistent evidence in regard to gender differences in optimism for exp... more Previous research shows inconsistent evidence in regard to gender differences in optimism for experiencing a happy marriage or avoiding divorce depending on whether optimism is measured as comparative optimism (thinking you are better off than your peers) or as personal optimism (estimating your own chances). Results from four samples of unmarried college students (N = 814) indicated that men exhibited greater comparative optimism than women for having a happy marriage but not for getting divorced. For having a happy marriage and avoiding divorce, men exhibited greater personal optimism relative to women. Experience (with parental divorce) moderated the gender difference in personal optimism and perceived control partially mediated the gender difference in comparative optimism (but only for having a happy marriage) and in personal optimism (for both having a happy marriage and avoiding divorce). Results are discussed as they relate to the existing literatures on risk perception and ...
Previous research has identifi ed general personality traits and personality disorders that are a... more Previous research has identifi ed general personality traits and personality disorders that are associated with externalizing behaviour (EB). There is a dearth of research, however, investigating the relations between pathological personality traits and EB. The current study examined pathological personality traits, as measured by the Schedule for Non-adaptive and Adaptive Functioning (SNAP) and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ), in relation to EB. Undergraduates (n = 228) completed the SNAP, DAPP-BQ, and a measure of antisocial behaviour, substance use, gambling, intimate partner violence and risky sexual behaviour. Using confi rmatory factor analysis, we identifi ed the best fi tting model as one that specifi ed eight factors: fi ve personality factors composed of constructs assessed by the DAPP and SNAP, one externalizing factor and two method factors corresponding to each of the measures. Consistent with the empirical literature using general personality traits, the current results suggest that pathological personality traits related to impulse control (i.e. low conscientiousness), as well as more interpersonally focused traits (i.e. low agreeableness), were most strongly associated with EB.
Research investigating women's risk assessments for intimate partner violence (IPV) shows that wo... more Research investigating women's risk assessments for intimate partner violence (IPV) shows that women can predict future violence with relative accuracy. Limited research has investigated factors that are associated with perceived risk and the potential behavioral consequences of victim risk perception. Results from a survey of women in a domestic violence shelter (N=56) indicated that women perceive lower risk of future violence if the abusive relationship were to end and higher risk of violence if it were to continue. Certain abuse experiences were related to elevated perceptions of personal risk for future violence. Further, perceived personal risk predicted the women's intention to terminate their relationship upon leaving shelter. Results are discussed as they may inform interventions preventing IPV.
ABSTRACT The current study examined the relationship of maternal- and paternal-perpetrated intima... more ABSTRACT The current study examined the relationship of maternal- and paternal-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) to children’s internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Mother-child dyads (N = 53; child ages 8–11) reported maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV exposure and measures of child symptomatology. Results demonstrated that: (a) maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV have similar but not identical relations with child outcomes, (b) mothers’ and children’s reports of paternal-perpetrated IPV were positively related, (c) mother and child report of maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV related to child emotional and behavior problems, and (d) emotion dysregulation mediated the link between IPV exposure and child outcomes. Notably, findings differed by reporters. Results support emotion dysregulation as one mechanism through which IPV exposure may lead to child behavior problems, with implications for clinical intervention.
Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 2010
... Address correspondence to Erin E. Burns, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Ath... more ... Address correspondence to Erin E. Burns, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 ... or the attempt to manage a dysregulated state by employing various strate-gies, whether adaptive or maladaptive (Campos, Frankel, & Camras, 2004; Gratz & Roemer ...
Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 2013
ABSTRACT Theoretical and empirical research suggests possible pathways between women's ex... more ABSTRACT Theoretical and empirical research suggests possible pathways between women's experiences of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and later intimate partner violence victimization (IPV-V) and perpetration (IPV-P), including attachment style and early maladaptive schemas. This study tested a model examining the unique mediating effects of insecure attachment and early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between CEA and IPV-V (n = 396) or IPV-P (n = 409) in college women. Contrary to hypotheses that both attachment style and maladaptive schema endorsement would mediate the relationship between CEA and IPV-V and IPV-P, regression analyses indicated the disconnection/rejection schema domain was the only significant mediator between CEA and IPV-V (p = .01). This same relation held for childhood emotional abuse and IPV-P (p < .001). These findings provide preliminary clinical utility for examining schema endorsement, the use of schema therapy (Young, Klosko, & Weishar, 200341. Young , J. E. , Klosko , J. S. and Weishar , M. E. 2003. Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide, New York: NY: Guilford. View all references), or both with women who have emotional abuse and IPV histories.
Cognitive models have informed understanding of the development, maintenance, and treatment of po... more Cognitive models have informed understanding of the development, maintenance, and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Limited research, however, has examined the relationship of early maladaptive schemas (EMS; Young in Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach (rev. ed.). Professional Resource Press, Sarasota, 1994) to PTSD among trauma survivors. The current study, using a sample of 127 female child
The present study examined the relationship of child maltreatment to both emotion dysregulation a... more The present study examined the relationship of child maltreatment to both emotion dysregulation and subsequent eating pathology. In an effort to extend previous research, the authors examined the unique impact of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) on emotion dysregulation and eating disorder (ED) symptoms while controlling for the effects of sexual and physical abuse. Structural equation modeling was utilized to simultaneously examine the effects of all three abuse types on multiple dependent variables as well as examine whether deficits in emotion regulation mediated the relationship between abuse and eating pathology. Results from a survey of 1,254 female college students revealed significant paths from abuse subtypes to specific eating disorder symptoms, with CEA evidencing the strongest association with ED symptoms. Additionally, emotion dysregulation was positively associated with ED symptoms, and mediated the effects of emotional abuse on symptoms. Findings support previous research on the enduring effects of emotional abuse as well as highlight the importance of the assessment of CEA in the treatment of ED symptoms.
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Papers by Hilary Harding