Papers by Hamidreza Samadi
The main objectives of this research are to improve our understanding of energy-climate-manufactu... more The main objectives of this research are to improve our understanding of energy-climate-manufacturing
nexus within the context of regional and global manufacturing supply chains as well as show the significance
of full coverage of entire supply chain tiers in order to prevent significant underestimations, which
might lead to invalid policy conclusions. With this motivation, a multi-region input–output (MRIO) sustainability
assessment model is developed by using the World Input–Output Database, which is a
dynamic MRIO framework on the world’s 40 largest economies covering 1440 economic sectors. The
method presented in this study is the first environmentally-extended MRIO model that harmonizes
energy and carbon footprint accounts for Turkish manufacturing sectors and a global trade-linked carbon
and energy footprint analysis of Turkish manufacturing sectors is performed as a case study. The results
are presented by distinguishing the contributions of five common supply chain phases such as upstream
suppliers, onsite manufacturing, transportation, wholesale, and retail trade. The findings showed that
onsite and upstream supply chains are found to have over 90% of total energy use and carbon footprint
for all industrial sectors. Electricity, Gas and Water Supply sector is usually found to be as the main contributor
to global climate change, and Coke, Refined Petroleum, and Nuclear Fuel sector is the main driver
of energy use in upstream supply chains. Overall, the largest portion of total carbon emissions of Turkish
manufacturing industries is found in Turkey’s regional boundary that ranged between 40% and 60% of
total carbon emissions. In 2009, China, United States, and Rest-of-the-World’s contribution is found to be more than 50% of total energy use of Turkish manufacturing. The authors envision that a global MRIO
framework can provide a vital guidance for policy makers to analyze the role of global manufacturing
supply chains and prevent significant underestimations due to inclusion of limited number of tiers for
sustainable supply chain management research.
Although the food industry has a significant impact on the European economy and society, its cont... more Although the food industry has a significant impact on the European economy and society, its contribution to energy consumption and global climate challenge is also considerably high compared to other manufacturing industries. However, the global energy and carbon impacts of European food production are not addressed sufficiently. With this motivation, this research aims to advance the body of knowledge on carbon and energy footprint analysis of food industries in the 27 member states of the European Union and Turkey. We employed a time series multi-region input-output analysis to analyze the carbon and energy footprints of food manufacturing industries. As a global multi-region input-output database, this research used the World Input-Output Database, which provides a time-series of world input-output tables for 40 countries worldwide covering 1440 economic sectors. The results from this study indicate that Germany, France and Spain have the largest food production-related energy footprint. All European countries have upstream suppliers as the dominant contributors of their total energy consumption, except for Romania, for which onsite impacts are dominant. Furthermore, the largest share of carbon emissions related to Turkish food manufacturing is found in Turkey’s geographical boundary, whereas more than 50% of the total energy footprint of Turkey’s food manufacturing industry is located in various regions outside of Turkey, including the rest of the world and particularly United States and the European Union. The findings show that upstream supply chains are responsible for over 90% of carbon emissions, while direct emissions and those from the first three-layers of food manufacturing supply chains are found to be responsible for approximately 80% of total carbon emissions.
Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2015
The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the World Resource Institute (... more The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the World Resource Institute (WRI) set the scope-based carbon footprint accounting standards in which all possible supply-chain related indirect greenhouse gas emissions are captured. Although this carbon footprint accounting standards are widely used in regional policy making, there is little effort in analyzing the scope-based carbon footprints of nations using a multi-region input–output (MRIO) analysis in order to consider the role of global trade. This research aims to advance the body of knowledge on carbon footprint analysis of the manufacturing sectors with a holistic approach combining the WBCSD & WRI’s scope-based carbon footprint accounting standards with a time series MRIO framework. To achieve this goal, a global scope-based carbon footprint analysis of the Turkish manufacturing sectors has been conducted as a case study. We employed a time series MRIO analysis by using the World Input–Output Database on the world’s 40 largest economies covering 1440 economic sectors. The results showed that electricity, gas and water supply was the most dominant sector in the supply chains of the Turkish industrial sectors with the largest carbon footprint. On average, indirect emissions of the Turkish manufacturing industry are found to be higher than direct emissions during the period from 2000 to 2009. The results of this analysis revealed that supply chain related indirect emissions (represented by scope 3) are responsible for nearly 56.5% total carbon emissions of sectors, which highlights the crucial role of supply chains on overall carbon footprint of sectors.
The metropolitan city of Istanbul is becoming overcrowded and the demand for
clean water is steep... more The metropolitan city of Istanbul is becoming overcrowded and the demand for
clean water is steeply rising in the city. The use of analytical approaches has become more and more critical for forecasting the water supply and demand balance in the long run. In this research, Istanbul’s water supply and demand data is collected for the period during 2006 and 2014. Then, using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, the time series water supply and demand forecasting model is constructed for the period between 2015 and 2018. Three important sustainability metrics such as water loss to supply ratio, water loss to demand ratio, and water loss to residential demand ratio are also presented. The findings show that residential water demand is responsible for nearly 80% of total water use and the consumption categories including commercial, industrial, agriculture, outdoor, and others have a lower share in total water demand. The results also show that there is a considerable water loss in the water distribution system which requires significant investments on the water supply networks. Furthermore, the forecasting results indicated that pipeline projects will be critical in the near future due to expected increases in the total water demand of Istanbul. The authors suggest that sustainable management of water can be achieved by reducing the residential water use through the use of water efficient technologies in households and reduction in water supply loss through investments on distribution infrastructure.
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Papers by Hamidreza Samadi
nexus within the context of regional and global manufacturing supply chains as well as show the significance
of full coverage of entire supply chain tiers in order to prevent significant underestimations, which
might lead to invalid policy conclusions. With this motivation, a multi-region input–output (MRIO) sustainability
assessment model is developed by using the World Input–Output Database, which is a
dynamic MRIO framework on the world’s 40 largest economies covering 1440 economic sectors. The
method presented in this study is the first environmentally-extended MRIO model that harmonizes
energy and carbon footprint accounts for Turkish manufacturing sectors and a global trade-linked carbon
and energy footprint analysis of Turkish manufacturing sectors is performed as a case study. The results
are presented by distinguishing the contributions of five common supply chain phases such as upstream
suppliers, onsite manufacturing, transportation, wholesale, and retail trade. The findings showed that
onsite and upstream supply chains are found to have over 90% of total energy use and carbon footprint
for all industrial sectors. Electricity, Gas and Water Supply sector is usually found to be as the main contributor
to global climate change, and Coke, Refined Petroleum, and Nuclear Fuel sector is the main driver
of energy use in upstream supply chains. Overall, the largest portion of total carbon emissions of Turkish
manufacturing industries is found in Turkey’s regional boundary that ranged between 40% and 60% of
total carbon emissions. In 2009, China, United States, and Rest-of-the-World’s contribution is found to be more than 50% of total energy use of Turkish manufacturing. The authors envision that a global MRIO
framework can provide a vital guidance for policy makers to analyze the role of global manufacturing
supply chains and prevent significant underestimations due to inclusion of limited number of tiers for
sustainable supply chain management research.
clean water is steeply rising in the city. The use of analytical approaches has become more and more critical for forecasting the water supply and demand balance in the long run. In this research, Istanbul’s water supply and demand data is collected for the period during 2006 and 2014. Then, using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, the time series water supply and demand forecasting model is constructed for the period between 2015 and 2018. Three important sustainability metrics such as water loss to supply ratio, water loss to demand ratio, and water loss to residential demand ratio are also presented. The findings show that residential water demand is responsible for nearly 80% of total water use and the consumption categories including commercial, industrial, agriculture, outdoor, and others have a lower share in total water demand. The results also show that there is a considerable water loss in the water distribution system which requires significant investments on the water supply networks. Furthermore, the forecasting results indicated that pipeline projects will be critical in the near future due to expected increases in the total water demand of Istanbul. The authors suggest that sustainable management of water can be achieved by reducing the residential water use through the use of water efficient technologies in households and reduction in water supply loss through investments on distribution infrastructure.
nexus within the context of regional and global manufacturing supply chains as well as show the significance
of full coverage of entire supply chain tiers in order to prevent significant underestimations, which
might lead to invalid policy conclusions. With this motivation, a multi-region input–output (MRIO) sustainability
assessment model is developed by using the World Input–Output Database, which is a
dynamic MRIO framework on the world’s 40 largest economies covering 1440 economic sectors. The
method presented in this study is the first environmentally-extended MRIO model that harmonizes
energy and carbon footprint accounts for Turkish manufacturing sectors and a global trade-linked carbon
and energy footprint analysis of Turkish manufacturing sectors is performed as a case study. The results
are presented by distinguishing the contributions of five common supply chain phases such as upstream
suppliers, onsite manufacturing, transportation, wholesale, and retail trade. The findings showed that
onsite and upstream supply chains are found to have over 90% of total energy use and carbon footprint
for all industrial sectors. Electricity, Gas and Water Supply sector is usually found to be as the main contributor
to global climate change, and Coke, Refined Petroleum, and Nuclear Fuel sector is the main driver
of energy use in upstream supply chains. Overall, the largest portion of total carbon emissions of Turkish
manufacturing industries is found in Turkey’s regional boundary that ranged between 40% and 60% of
total carbon emissions. In 2009, China, United States, and Rest-of-the-World’s contribution is found to be more than 50% of total energy use of Turkish manufacturing. The authors envision that a global MRIO
framework can provide a vital guidance for policy makers to analyze the role of global manufacturing
supply chains and prevent significant underestimations due to inclusion of limited number of tiers for
sustainable supply chain management research.
clean water is steeply rising in the city. The use of analytical approaches has become more and more critical for forecasting the water supply and demand balance in the long run. In this research, Istanbul’s water supply and demand data is collected for the period during 2006 and 2014. Then, using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, the time series water supply and demand forecasting model is constructed for the period between 2015 and 2018. Three important sustainability metrics such as water loss to supply ratio, water loss to demand ratio, and water loss to residential demand ratio are also presented. The findings show that residential water demand is responsible for nearly 80% of total water use and the consumption categories including commercial, industrial, agriculture, outdoor, and others have a lower share in total water demand. The results also show that there is a considerable water loss in the water distribution system which requires significant investments on the water supply networks. Furthermore, the forecasting results indicated that pipeline projects will be critical in the near future due to expected increases in the total water demand of Istanbul. The authors suggest that sustainable management of water can be achieved by reducing the residential water use through the use of water efficient technologies in households and reduction in water supply loss through investments on distribution infrastructure.