Papers by Etienne Grondin
Lab on a Chip, 2010
This article presents a device incorporating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing and surface ... more This article presents a device incorporating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing and surface acoustic wave (SAW) actuation integrated onto a common LiNbO 3 piezoelectric substrate. The device uses Rayleigh-type SAW to provide active microfluidic mixing in the fluid above the SPR sensor. Validation experiments show that SAW-induced microfluidic mixing results in accelerated binding kinetics of an avidin-biotin assay. Results also show that, though SAW action causes a parasitic SPR response due to heat injection into the fluid, a relatively brief relaxation time following the SAW pulses allows the effect to dissipate, without affecting the overall assay response. Since both SPR sensors and SAW transducers can be fabricated simultaneously using low-cost microfabrication methods on a single substrate, the proposed design is well-suited to lab-on-chip applications.
Hybridized optical amplifiers based on III-V heterostructures and ion-exchanged waveguides
Proceedings of SPIE, May 28, 2004
ABSTRACT
Invited lectures info: Abstracts
2011 6th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 2011
Journal of Applied Physics, 2011
Development of Lab-On-Chip devices is expected to dramatically change biochemical analyses, allow... more Development of Lab-On-Chip devices is expected to dramatically change biochemical analyses, allowing notable increase of processing quality and throughput provided the induced chemical reactions are well controlled. In this work, we investigate the impact of local acoustic mixing to promote or accelerate such biochemical reactions, such as antibody grafting on activated surfaces. During microarray building, the spotting mode leads to low efficiency in the ligand grafting and heterogeneities which limit its performances. To improve the transfer rate, we induce a hydrodynamic flow in the spotted droplet to disrupt the steady state during antibody grafting. To prove that acoustic mixing increases Antibody transfer rate to biochip surface, we have used a Love-wave sensor allowing for real-time monitoring of the biological reaction, for different operation conditions (with or without mixing). An analysis of the impact of the proposed mixing on grafting kinetics is proposed and finally checked in the case antibodyantigen combination.
Applied Optics, 2007
We propose two novel electro-optic (EO) deflectors based on two new nonrectangular geometries: th... more We propose two novel electro-optic (EO) deflectors based on two new nonrectangular geometries: the parabolic and the half-horn configurations. These devices not only provide excellent deflection angles, but also have the potential to build nonblocking 2 ϫ 2 optical switches. A deflector figure of merit is defined, and comparisons with existing EO deflectors are given. Devices fabricated in LiTaO 3 demonstrate 3 dB of average insertion loss and 3°deflection angles. These results represent the best deflection performances to our knowledge reported to date for bulk EO deflectors.
<title>Hybridized optical amplifiers based on III-V heterostructures and ion-exchanged waveguides</title>
Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies VIII, 2004
ABSTRACT
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2011
New radiotracers are continuously being developed to improve diagnostic efficiency using Single P... more New radiotracers are continuously being developed to improve diagnostic efficiency using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) or Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The characterization of their pharmacokinetics requires blood radioactivity monitoring over time during the scan and is very challenging in small animals because of the low volume of blood available. In this work, a prototype microfluidic blood counter made of a microchannel atop a silicon substrate containing PIN photodiodes is proposed to improve beta detection efficiency in a small volume by eliminating unnecessary interfaces between fluid and detector. A flat rectangular-shaped epoxy channel, 36 mm  1.26 mm cross section and 31.5 mm in length, was microfabricated over a die containing an array of 2  2 mm 2 PIN photodiodes, leaving only a few micrometers of epoxy floor layer between the fluid and the photodiode sensitive surface. This geometry leads to a quasi 2D source, optimizing geometrical detection efficiency that was estimated at 41% using solid angle calculation. CV-IV measurements were made at each fabrication step to confirm that the microchannel components had no significant effects on the diodes' electrical characteristics. The chip was wire-bonded to a PCB and connected to charge sensitive preamplifier and amplifier modules for pulse shaping. Energy spectra recorded for different isotopes showed continuous beta distribution for PET isotopes and monoenergetic conversion electron peaks for 99m Tc. Absolute sensitivity was determined for the most popular PET and SPECT radioisotopes and ranged from 26% to 33% for PET tracers (18 F, 13 N, 11 C, 68 Ga) and more than 2% for 99m Tc. Input functions were successfully simulated with 18 F, confirming the setup's suitability for pharmacokinetic modeling of PET and SPECT radiotracers in animal experiments. By using standard materials and procedures, the fabrication process is well suited to on-chip microfluidic functionality, allowing full characterization of new radiotracers.
Electronically tunable semiconductor laser (ETL) based on silica Bragg reflectors
Applications of Photonic Technology 6, 2003
We will report on a new type of tunable semiconductor laser, which is based on the electronic sel... more We will report on a new type of tunable semiconductor laser, which is based on the electronic selection of one Bragg grating among an array of such gratings in silica. The device that we have built operates at 120 Mb/s but extension to 1 Gb/s for Gigabit-Ethernet applications would be straightforward. In comparison with tunable semiconductor lasers using gratings in the III-V materials, silica gratings offer two significant advantages: 1-wavelength stability and predictability, 2-the ability to phusically overlap many gratings in a compact space in order to enable the selection of a large number of wavelengths for wavelength division multiplexed communications systems. The time required to chagne the wavelength in our laser has not been measured for lack of the necessary electronics but it is expected to be in the microsecond range on the basis of a straightforward calculation. The robust all solid-state nature of our device and its expected microsecond random-access tuning capability make it a strong candidate for agile wavelength routed largely optical networks. With microsecond tuning of precisely and robustly defined wavelengths, optical routing would be possible on a packet basis in a network using state-of-the-art add/drop filters or other types of wavelength selective elements, such as arrayed waveguide gratings.
Optics Express, 2008
This paper presents work aimed at optimizing the fabrication of silicon nitride Si x N y thin-fil... more This paper presents work aimed at optimizing the fabrication of silicon nitride Si x N y thin-film visible-light planar waveguides using plasmaenhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). The effects of plasma frequency, precursor gas ratio, and thermal annealing in relation to waveguide optical properties (refractive index, propagation losses) are studied. Experimental results over a wide range of precursor gas ratios show convincingly that waveguides fabricated using low-frequency PECVD have lower propagation losses in the visible range compared to waveguides of equal refractive index fabricated with high-frequency PECVD.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2005
Applied Optics, 2007
A novel reprogrammable optical phase array (ROPA) device is presented as a reconfigurable electro... more A novel reprogrammable optical phase array (ROPA) device is presented as a reconfigurable electro-optic element. One specific application of the ROPA, a 1 ϫ 6 electro-optic space switch, is fully described. Switching angles are within 2°, and switching is achieved through a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) controlled, diffraction based, optical phase array in a bulk BaTiO 3 crystal. The crystal is flip-chipped to the CMOS chip, creating a compact fully integrated device. The design, optical simulation, and fabrication of the device are described, and preliminary experimental results are presented.
Accelerated surface plasmon resonance biosensing by surface acoustic waves microstreaming
2011 6th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 2011
ABSTRACT This paper describes our design incorporating surface plasmon resonance biosensing and s... more ABSTRACT This paper describes our design incorporating surface plasmon resonance biosensing and surface acoustic wave active microfluidic mixing, integrated on a single LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate. Validation experiments show that surface acoustic wave-induced microstreaming results in significant accelerated binding kinetics in a case of a standard avidin-biotin affinity assay.
Couplage directionnel a faible perte entre des guides d'ondes optiques fortement dissemblables destines a des circuits photoniques integres a fort indice de refraction
La presente invention concerne un optocoupleur et une interconnexion optique, ainsi qu'un pro... more La presente invention concerne un optocoupleur et une interconnexion optique, ainsi qu'un procede de fabrication associe, permettant de coupler un signal optique entre un guide d'ondes a fort indice de refraction d'un circuit integre et un guide d'ondes externe au circuit integre. L'optocoupleur comprend un guide d'ondes a fort indice de refraction aminci ayant une epaisseur concue pour presenter un indice de refraction effectif correspondant sensiblement a un indice de refraction du guide d'ondes externe.
Low Loss Directional Coupling Between Highly Dissimilar Optical Waveguides for High Refractive Index Integrated Photonic Circuits
Hybrid absorption/interference wide-angle filter using PECVD Si-Rich SixNy and SiOx for LED lighting
Optics Express
Evanescent field coupler optimized for high refractive index differences (ECHRID) – a platform for a SOI photonics optical interface
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2016
Segmented waveguide array grating filters
<title>Accelerated binding kinetics by surface acoustic waves (SAW) micromixing in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system for biodetection</title>
Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems IX, 2011
ABSTRACT A design incorporating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing and surface acoustic w... more ABSTRACT A design incorporating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing and surface acoustic wave (SAW) active microfluidic mixing, integrated on a single LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate, is presented. Validation experiments show that SAW-mixing (microstreaming) results in accelerated binding kinetics (time-to-saturation) for a standard assay with appropriate SAW excitation parameters. Since both SPR sensors and SAW transducers can be fabricated simultaneously using low-cost microfabrication methods, the proposed design should contribute to improved lab-on-chip devices for detecting and identifying biomolecules of interest with greater accuracy and speed across multiple applications.
Integrated shear-vertical surface acoustic wave and surface plasmon resonance sensing device and method
Low loss directional coupling between highly dissimilar optical waveguides for high refractive index integrated photonic circuits
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Papers by Etienne Grondin