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C. Giusti

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Prof. Saeid Eslamian

Isfahan University of Technology

Luis Miguel Córdoba Ochoa

Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellin

University of Genova

University of Granada

Yuderkys Espinosa Miñoso

Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales

José Ignacio Pichardo Galán

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Rodrigo G de Azevedo

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

University of Florida

UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense

Mayka Castellano

UFF - Universidade Federal Fluminense

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Papers by C. Giusti

Nuclear response in electromagnetic interactions with complex nuclei

Physics Reports, 1993

The response of nucleons and complex nuclei to an external electromagnetic probe at intermediate ... more The response of nucleons and complex nuclei to an external electromagnetic probe at intermediate and high energy is illustrated by considering both inclusive and semi-inclusive electron scattering. Gauge invariance and current conservation allow one to define form factors for elastic scattering and structure functions for inelastic scattering which contain the relevant information on the structure and dynamics of the target

Signatures for Short-Range Correlations in O16 Observed in the Reaction O16(e, e′pp)C14

by F. Pacati and C. Giusti

Physical Review Letters, 1998

The reaction 16O\(e,e&amp;amp;#39;pp\)14C has been studied at a transferred four-momentum \(o... more The reaction 16O\(e,e&amp;amp;#39;pp\)14C has been studied at a transferred four-momentum \(omega,\|q\|\) = \(210 MeV,300 MeV/c\). The differential cross sections for the transitions to the ground state and the lowest excited states in 14C were determined as a function of the momentum of the recoiling 14C nucleus and the angle between the momentum of the proton emitted in the forward direction

Nuclear-density dependence of the electron-proton coupling

by C. Giusti, F. Pacati, S. Boffi, G. Van Der Steenhoven, and Jo van den Brand

Physical Review Letters, 1987

Neutral current quasielastic (anti)neutrino scattering beyond the Fermi gas model at MiniBooNE and BNL kinematics

Physical Review C, 2015

Neutral current quasielastic (anti)neutrino scattering cross sections on a 12 C target are analyz... more Neutral current quasielastic (anti)neutrino scattering cross sections on a 12 C target are analyzed using a realistic spectral function S(p, E) that gives a scaling function in accordance with the (e, e ′ ) scattering data. The spectral function accounts for the nucleon-nucleon (NN) correlations by using natural orbitals (NOs) from the Jastrow correlation method and has a realistic energy dependence. The standard value of the axial mass MA = 1.032 GeV is used in all calculations. The role of the final-state interaction (FSI) on the spectral and scaling functions, as well as on the cross sections is accounted for. A comparison of the calculations with the empirical data of the MiniBooNE and BNL experiments is performed. Our results are analyzed in comparison with those when NN correlations are not included, and also with results from other theoretical approaches, such as the relativistic Fermi gas (RFG), the relativistic mean field (RMF), the relativistic Green's function (RGF), as well as with the SuperScaling Approach (SuSA) based on the analysis of quasielastic electron scattering.

Meson-exchange current effects in nucleon photoemission

Nuclear Physics A, 1994

The role of meson-exchange currents in (3', P) and (3', n) reactions at intermediate energies is ... more The role of meson-exchange currents in (3', P) and (3', n) reactions at intermediate energies is investigated in the frame of a direct knockout model where the photon interacts with a pair of correlated nucleons. Realistic short-range correlations and final-state interactions are included in the calculations. Direct and exchange terms are considered. The results for 160(')/, p) and 160(')1, n) indicate that the two-body seagull current significantly affects the cross sections. In both cases the size and the shape of the experimental angular distributions are fairly well reproduced. 0375-9474/94/$07.00 © 1994 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved SSDI 0375-9474(94)00049-S G. Benenti et al. / Nuclear Physics A574 (1994) 716-730 717 addresses to a reaction mechanism where the transferred momentum is shared between two nucleons, while the direct nucleon knockout (DKO), which is dominant in (e, e'p) reactions, has a minor role.

Relativistic model of electromagnetic one-nucleon knockout reactions

A relativistic model of electromagnetic knockout emission is presented and applied to (e, e p) an... more A relativistic model of electromagnetic knockout emission is presented and applied to (e, e p) and (γ, p) cross sections and polarizations. The results are compared with those obtained in the nonrelativistic distorted wave impulse approximation, which is able to well reproduce the experimental data at low energies. The effect of two-body currents, including meson exchange contributions and isobar excitations, is discussed both in the relativistic and nonrelativistic framework.

Green's Function Approach to Inclusive Electron Scattering

A Green's function approach to the inclusive quasielastic (e, e ′ ) scattering is presented. The ... more A Green's function approach to the inclusive quasielastic (e, e ′ ) scattering is presented. The components of the nuclear response are written in terms of the single-particle optical model Green's function. The explicit calculation of the Green's function can be avoided by its spectral representation, which is based on a biorthogonal expansion in terms of the eigenfunctions of the non-Hermitian optical potential and of its Hermitian conjugate. This allows one to treat final state interactions consistently in the inclusive (e, e ′ ) and in the exclusive (e, e ′ N ) reactions. Numerical results for the longitudinal and transverse response functions obtained in a nonrelativistic and in a relativistic framework are presented and discussed also in comparison with data.

Charged-Current and Neutral-Current Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering in a Relativistic Approach

Relativistic models developed for the exclusive and inclusive Quasi-Elastic (QE) electron scatter... more

The Relativistic Green's Function Model for Quasielastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering

A model based on the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) for quasielastic (QE) lepton-nucleu... more A model based on the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) for quasielastic (QE) lepton-nucleus scattering is presented. The effects of the finalstate interactions (FSI) between the emitted nucleon and the residual nucleus are described by the relativistic Green's function (RGF) model where FSI are treated consistently with the exclusive scattering and using the same complex optical potential. The results of the model are compared with the results of different descriptions of FSI and with available data for neutrino-nucleus scattering.

Final-state interaction in electromagnetic response functions

ABSTRACT

Relativistic models for electron and neutrino-nucleus scattering

Relativistic models developed for the exclusive and inclusive quasielastic (QE) electron scatteri... more Relativistic models developed for the exclusive and inclusive quasielastic (QE) electron scattering have been extended to charged-current (CC) and neutral-current (NC) neutrino-nucleus scattering. Different descriptions of final-state interactions (FSI) are compared. For the inclusive electron scattering the relativistic Green's function approach is compared with calculations based on the use of relativistic purely real mean field potentials in the final state. Both approaches lead to a redistribution of the strength but conserving the total flux. Results for the differential cross section at different energies are presented. Scaling properties are also analyzed and discussed.

Evidence for short-range correlations in 16O

Physics Letters B, 2000

16 Ž X . 14 The reaction O e,e pp C has been investigated at three values of the transferred ener... more 16 Ž X . 14 The reaction O e,e pp C has been investigated at three values of the transferred energy v. The differential cross sections were determined as a function of the missing energy and the missing momentum. Evidence for short-range correlations in 16 O has been obtained from the transition to the ground state of 14 C. The cross sections for this transition are well reproduced by two independent parameter-free microscopic calculations. The results of both calculations show that the reaction is dominated by knockout of a proton pair in a 1 S state, driven by short-range-correlations. q 2000 Published by 0 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

$Research paper thumbnail of Bound-nucleon response functions from the reaction ^{40}Ca(e,e’p)^{39}K^{/emph>} and nuclear-medium effects$

Bound-nucleon response functions from the reaction ^{40}Ca(e,e’p)^{39}K^{/emph>} and nuclear-medium effects

Physical Review Letters, 1988

Longitudinal and transverse structure functions for the quasielastic reaction 40Ca(e,e'p)39K... more Longitudinal and transverse structure functions for the quasielastic reaction 40Ca(e,e'p)39K* have been obtained. Their q dependences appear like those for free nucleons. However, the ratio of the longitudinal to transverse structure functions is found reduced by 30% relative to theoretical calculations.

Relativistic descriptions of quasielastic charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering: Application to scaling and superscaling ideas

Physical Review C, 2011

The analysis of the recent experimental data on charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering cross... more The analysis of the recent experimental data on charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections measured at MiniBooNE requires fully relativistic theoretical descriptions also accounting for the role of final state interactions. In this work we evaluate inclusive quasielastic differential neutrino cross sections within the framework of the relativistic impulse approximation. Results based on the relativistic mean field potential are compared with the ones corresponding to the relativistic Green function approach. An analysis of scaling and superscaling properties provided by both models is also presented.

Generator coordinate method calculations of one-nucleon removal reactions on 40Ca

Physical Review C, 2001

An approach to the Generator Coordinate Method (GCM) using Skyrme-type effective forces and Woods... more An approach to the Generator Coordinate Method (GCM) using Skyrme-type effective forces and Woods-Saxon construction potential is applied to calculate the single-particle proton and neutron overlap functions in 40 Ca. The relationship between the boundstate overlap functions and the one-body density matrix has been used. These overlap functions are applied to calculate the cross sections of one-nucleon removal reactions such as (e, e ′ p), (γ, p) and (p, d) on 40 Ca on the same theoretical footing. A consistent description of data for the different reactions is achieved. The shapes of the experimental cross sections for transitions to the 3/2 + ground state and the first 1/2 + excited state of the residual nuclei are well reproduced by the overlap functions obtained within the GCM. An additional spectroscopic factor accounting for correlations not included in the overlap function must be applied to the calculated results to reproduce the size of the experimental cross sections.

Effects of nuclear correlations on the O16(e,e′pN) reactions to discrete final states

Physical Review C, 2004

Calculations of the 16 O(e, e ′ pN ) cross sections to the ground state and first excited levels ... more Calculations of the 16 O(e, e ′ pN ) cross sections to the ground state and first excited levels of the 14 C and 14 N nuclei are presented. The effects of nuclear fragmentation have been obtained in a self-consistent approach and are accounted for in the determination of the two-nucleon removal amplitudes. The Hilbert space is partitioned in order to compute the contribution of both longand short-range effects in a separate way. Both the two-proton and the proton-neutron emission cross sections have been computed within the same models for the reaction mechanism and the contribution from nuclear structure, with the aim of better comparing the differences between the two physical processes. The 16 O(e, e ′ pp) reaction is found to be sensitive to short-range correlations, in agreement with previous results. The 16 O(e, e ′ pn) cross section to 1 + final states is dominated by the ∆ current and tensor correlations. For both reactions, the interplay between collective (longrange) effects and short-range and tensor correlations plays an important role. This suggests that the selectivity of (e, e ′ pN ) reactions to the final state can be used to probe correlations also beyond short-range effects.

Elastic and quasi-elastic electron scattering off nuclei with neutron excess

Physical Review C, 2013

We present theoretical predictions for electron scattering on the N = 14, 20, and 28 isotonic cha... more We present theoretical predictions for electron scattering on the N = 14, 20, and 28 isotonic chains from proton-deficient to proton-rich nuclei. The calculations are performed within the framework of the distorted-wave Born approximation and the proton and neutron density distributions are evaluated adopting a Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) approach with a density dependent meson-exchange interaction. We present results for the elastic and quasi-elastic cross sections and for the parity-violating asymmetry parameter. Owing to the correlations between the evolution of the electric charge form factors along each chain with the underlying proton shell structure of the isotones, elastic electron scattering experiments on isotones can provide useful informations about the occupation and filling of the single-particle levels of protons.

Relativistic corrections in (e,e′p) knockout reactions

Physical Review C, 2001

Charge exchange in final-state interactions of (e,e′ pp) reactions

Nuclear Physics A, 1995

ABSTRACT

Direct mechanism in medium energy (γ, p0) reactions

Nuclear Physics A, 1981

Medium energy (gamma, p0) reactions are investigated with the purpose of finding how far a direct... more Medium energy (gamma, p0) reactions are investigated with the purpose of finding how far a direct knockout mechanism holds. Final state interactions are included in a cross section where the hole spectral function is not factorized. The approximate factorized formula gives large differences (a priori out of control). The choice of different optical model potentials and bound state wave functions is discussed and results are compared with experimental data for 12C, 16O and 40Ca. The sensitivity to the optical potential is confirmed. The direct mechanism appears able to reproduce the experimental cross sections up to photon energies corresponding to a recoil momentum larger than 2 fm-1.

Nuclear response in electromagnetic interactions with complex nuclei

Physics Reports, 1993

The response of nucleons and complex nuclei to an external electromagnetic probe at intermediate ... more The response of nucleons and complex nuclei to an external electromagnetic probe at intermediate and high energy is illustrated by considering both inclusive and semi-inclusive electron scattering. Gauge invariance and current conservation allow one to define form factors for elastic scattering and structure functions for inelastic scattering which contain the relevant information on the structure and dynamics of the target

Signatures for Short-Range Correlations in O16 Observed in the Reaction O16(e, e′pp)C14

by F. Pacati and C. Giusti

Physical Review Letters, 1998

The reaction 16O\(e,e&amp;amp;#39;pp\)14C has been studied at a transferred four-momentum \(o... more The reaction 16O\(e,e&amp;amp;#39;pp\)14C has been studied at a transferred four-momentum \(omega,\|q\|\) = \(210 MeV,300 MeV/c\). The differential cross sections for the transitions to the ground state and the lowest excited states in 14C were determined as a function of the momentum of the recoiling 14C nucleus and the angle between the momentum of the proton emitted in the forward direction

Nuclear-density dependence of the electron-proton coupling

by C. Giusti, F. Pacati, S. Boffi, G. Van Der Steenhoven, and Jo van den Brand

Physical Review Letters, 1987

Neutral current quasielastic (anti)neutrino scattering beyond the Fermi gas model at MiniBooNE and BNL kinematics

Physical Review C, 2015

Neutral current quasielastic (anti)neutrino scattering cross sections on a 12 C target are analyz... more Neutral current quasielastic (anti)neutrino scattering cross sections on a 12 C target are analyzed using a realistic spectral function S(p, E) that gives a scaling function in accordance with the (e, e ′ ) scattering data. The spectral function accounts for the nucleon-nucleon (NN) correlations by using natural orbitals (NOs) from the Jastrow correlation method and has a realistic energy dependence. The standard value of the axial mass MA = 1.032 GeV is used in all calculations. The role of the final-state interaction (FSI) on the spectral and scaling functions, as well as on the cross sections is accounted for. A comparison of the calculations with the empirical data of the MiniBooNE and BNL experiments is performed. Our results are analyzed in comparison with those when NN correlations are not included, and also with results from other theoretical approaches, such as the relativistic Fermi gas (RFG), the relativistic mean field (RMF), the relativistic Green's function (RGF), as well as with the SuperScaling Approach (SuSA) based on the analysis of quasielastic electron scattering.

Meson-exchange current effects in nucleon photoemission

Nuclear Physics A, 1994

The role of meson-exchange currents in (3', P) and (3', n) reactions at intermediate energies is ... more The role of meson-exchange currents in (3', P) and (3', n) reactions at intermediate energies is investigated in the frame of a direct knockout model where the photon interacts with a pair of correlated nucleons. Realistic short-range correlations and final-state interactions are included in the calculations. Direct and exchange terms are considered. The results for 160(')/, p) and 160(')1, n) indicate that the two-body seagull current significantly affects the cross sections. In both cases the size and the shape of the experimental angular distributions are fairly well reproduced. 0375-9474/94/$07.00 © 1994 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved SSDI 0375-9474(94)00049-S G. Benenti et al. / Nuclear Physics A574 (1994) 716-730 717 addresses to a reaction mechanism where the transferred momentum is shared between two nucleons, while the direct nucleon knockout (DKO), which is dominant in (e, e'p) reactions, has a minor role.

Relativistic model of electromagnetic one-nucleon knockout reactions

A relativistic model of electromagnetic knockout emission is presented and applied to (e, e p) an... more A relativistic model of electromagnetic knockout emission is presented and applied to (e, e p) and (γ, p) cross sections and polarizations. The results are compared with those obtained in the nonrelativistic distorted wave impulse approximation, which is able to well reproduce the experimental data at low energies. The effect of two-body currents, including meson exchange contributions and isobar excitations, is discussed both in the relativistic and nonrelativistic framework.

Green's Function Approach to Inclusive Electron Scattering

A Green's function approach to the inclusive quasielastic (e, e ′ ) scattering is presented. The ... more A Green's function approach to the inclusive quasielastic (e, e ′ ) scattering is presented. The components of the nuclear response are written in terms of the single-particle optical model Green's function. The explicit calculation of the Green's function can be avoided by its spectral representation, which is based on a biorthogonal expansion in terms of the eigenfunctions of the non-Hermitian optical potential and of its Hermitian conjugate. This allows one to treat final state interactions consistently in the inclusive (e, e ′ ) and in the exclusive (e, e ′ N ) reactions. Numerical results for the longitudinal and transverse response functions obtained in a nonrelativistic and in a relativistic framework are presented and discussed also in comparison with data.

Charged-Current and Neutral-Current Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering in a Relativistic Approach

Relativistic models developed for the exclusive and inclusive Quasi-Elastic (QE) electron scatter... more

The Relativistic Green's Function Model for Quasielastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering

A model based on the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) for quasielastic (QE) lepton-nucleu... more A model based on the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) for quasielastic (QE) lepton-nucleus scattering is presented. The effects of the finalstate interactions (FSI) between the emitted nucleon and the residual nucleus are described by the relativistic Green's function (RGF) model where FSI are treated consistently with the exclusive scattering and using the same complex optical potential. The results of the model are compared with the results of different descriptions of FSI and with available data for neutrino-nucleus scattering.

Final-state interaction in electromagnetic response functions

ABSTRACT

Relativistic models for electron and neutrino-nucleus scattering

Relativistic models developed for the exclusive and inclusive quasielastic (QE) electron scatteri... more Relativistic models developed for the exclusive and inclusive quasielastic (QE) electron scattering have been extended to charged-current (CC) and neutral-current (NC) neutrino-nucleus scattering. Different descriptions of final-state interactions (FSI) are compared. For the inclusive electron scattering the relativistic Green's function approach is compared with calculations based on the use of relativistic purely real mean field potentials in the final state. Both approaches lead to a redistribution of the strength but conserving the total flux. Results for the differential cross section at different energies are presented. Scaling properties are also analyzed and discussed.

Evidence for short-range correlations in 16O

Physics Letters B, 2000

16 Ž X . 14 The reaction O e,e pp C has been investigated at three values of the transferred ener... more 16 Ž X . 14 The reaction O e,e pp C has been investigated at three values of the transferred energy v. The differential cross sections were determined as a function of the missing energy and the missing momentum. Evidence for short-range correlations in 16 O has been obtained from the transition to the ground state of 14 C. The cross sections for this transition are well reproduced by two independent parameter-free microscopic calculations. The results of both calculations show that the reaction is dominated by knockout of a proton pair in a 1 S state, driven by short-range-correlations. q 2000 Published by 0 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

$Research paper thumbnail of Bound-nucleon response functions from the reaction ^{40}Ca(e,e’p)^{39}K^{/emph>} and nuclear-medium effects$

Bound-nucleon response functions from the reaction ^{40}Ca(e,e’p)^{39}K^{/emph>} and nuclear-medium effects

Physical Review Letters, 1988

Longitudinal and transverse structure functions for the quasielastic reaction 40Ca(e,e'p)39K... more Longitudinal and transverse structure functions for the quasielastic reaction 40Ca(e,e'p)39K* have been obtained. Their q dependences appear like those for free nucleons. However, the ratio of the longitudinal to transverse structure functions is found reduced by 30% relative to theoretical calculations.

Relativistic descriptions of quasielastic charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering: Application to scaling and superscaling ideas

Physical Review C, 2011

The analysis of the recent experimental data on charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering cross... more The analysis of the recent experimental data on charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections measured at MiniBooNE requires fully relativistic theoretical descriptions also accounting for the role of final state interactions. In this work we evaluate inclusive quasielastic differential neutrino cross sections within the framework of the relativistic impulse approximation. Results based on the relativistic mean field potential are compared with the ones corresponding to the relativistic Green function approach. An analysis of scaling and superscaling properties provided by both models is also presented.

Generator coordinate method calculations of one-nucleon removal reactions on 40Ca

Physical Review C, 2001

An approach to the Generator Coordinate Method (GCM) using Skyrme-type effective forces and Woods... more An approach to the Generator Coordinate Method (GCM) using Skyrme-type effective forces and Woods-Saxon construction potential is applied to calculate the single-particle proton and neutron overlap functions in 40 Ca. The relationship between the boundstate overlap functions and the one-body density matrix has been used. These overlap functions are applied to calculate the cross sections of one-nucleon removal reactions such as (e, e ′ p), (γ, p) and (p, d) on 40 Ca on the same theoretical footing. A consistent description of data for the different reactions is achieved. The shapes of the experimental cross sections for transitions to the 3/2 + ground state and the first 1/2 + excited state of the residual nuclei are well reproduced by the overlap functions obtained within the GCM. An additional spectroscopic factor accounting for correlations not included in the overlap function must be applied to the calculated results to reproduce the size of the experimental cross sections.

Effects of nuclear correlations on the O16(e,e′pN) reactions to discrete final states

Physical Review C, 2004

Calculations of the 16 O(e, e ′ pN ) cross sections to the ground state and first excited levels ... more Calculations of the 16 O(e, e ′ pN ) cross sections to the ground state and first excited levels of the 14 C and 14 N nuclei are presented. The effects of nuclear fragmentation have been obtained in a self-consistent approach and are accounted for in the determination of the two-nucleon removal amplitudes. The Hilbert space is partitioned in order to compute the contribution of both longand short-range effects in a separate way. Both the two-proton and the proton-neutron emission cross sections have been computed within the same models for the reaction mechanism and the contribution from nuclear structure, with the aim of better comparing the differences between the two physical processes. The 16 O(e, e ′ pp) reaction is found to be sensitive to short-range correlations, in agreement with previous results. The 16 O(e, e ′ pn) cross section to 1 + final states is dominated by the ∆ current and tensor correlations. For both reactions, the interplay between collective (longrange) effects and short-range and tensor correlations plays an important role. This suggests that the selectivity of (e, e ′ pN ) reactions to the final state can be used to probe correlations also beyond short-range effects.

Elastic and quasi-elastic electron scattering off nuclei with neutron excess

Physical Review C, 2013

We present theoretical predictions for electron scattering on the N = 14, 20, and 28 isotonic cha... more We present theoretical predictions for electron scattering on the N = 14, 20, and 28 isotonic chains from proton-deficient to proton-rich nuclei. The calculations are performed within the framework of the distorted-wave Born approximation and the proton and neutron density distributions are evaluated adopting a Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) approach with a density dependent meson-exchange interaction. We present results for the elastic and quasi-elastic cross sections and for the parity-violating asymmetry parameter. Owing to the correlations between the evolution of the electric charge form factors along each chain with the underlying proton shell structure of the isotones, elastic electron scattering experiments on isotones can provide useful informations about the occupation and filling of the single-particle levels of protons.

Relativistic corrections in (e,e′p) knockout reactions

Physical Review C, 2001

Charge exchange in final-state interactions of (e,e′ pp) reactions

Nuclear Physics A, 1995

ABSTRACT

Direct mechanism in medium energy (γ, p0) reactions

Nuclear Physics A, 1981

Medium energy (gamma, p0) reactions are investigated with the purpose of finding how far a direct... more Medium energy (gamma, p0) reactions are investigated with the purpose of finding how far a direct knockout mechanism holds. Final state interactions are included in a cross section where the hole spectral function is not factorized. The approximate factorized formula gives large differences (a priori out of control). The choice of different optical model potentials and bound state wave functions is discussed and results are compared with experimental data for 12C, 16O and 40Ca. The sensitivity to the optical potential is confirmed. The direct mechanism appears able to reproduce the experimental cross sections up to photon energies corresponding to a recoil momentum larger than 2 fm-1.