Papers by Jonathan Gifford
Flexible Urban Transportation, 2003
Flexible Urban Transportation, 2003
In this essay, the author suggests that the Intermodal Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) has ... more In this essay, the author suggests that the Intermodal Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) has spawned the concept of quasimodalism, as witnessed by a lack of concern for intermodalism and a lack of support for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
Transport Policy, 2017
This paper examines the state of practice used in the value for money (VfM) analysis of highway p... more This paper examines the state of practice used in the value for money (VfM) analysis of highway projects in the United States. Based on direct contact with public transportation agencies and the search of project websites, seven VfM studies were selected for a comparative analysis. The paper finds that the choice of public sector comparator (PSC) model varied from one study to another, which is driven by agency experience. The risks transferred from employing the public-private partnership (P3) model are closely related to the choice of repayment schemes. Discount rates used in practice are similar across studies despite wide-ranging debates over appropriate rates in the literature. VfM studies show the advantages of agency municipal bonds are reduced when favorable borrowing rates are available to private partners. The paper lastly examines reasons why agencies chose not to deliver projects as P3s based on VfM studies.
Flexible Urban Transportation, 2003
This proceedings, Infrastructure Planning and Management, consists of papers presented at two par... more This proceedings, Infrastructure Planning and Management, consists of papers presented at two parallel conferences held in Denver, Colorado, June 21-23, 1993. Part I covers a wide range of issues, research, and applications in the area of infrastructure management. Some of these are: 1) Automated assessment of conditions; 2) implementation of management systems; 3) improvement of infrastructures; 4) application of neural networks and geographic information systems; and 5) modeling of deterioration. The second part of the proceedings explores the issue of uncertainty in infrastructure planning. It covers such topics as: 1) Private sector investment; 2) fuzzy set theory; 3) land usage/transportation modeling; 4) digital imaging; 5) real-time traffic control; and 6) life-cycle benefit analysis. Both sections present case studies relevant to the issues discussed. This collection of papers provides engineers, planners, and technicians with a current comprehensive look at available and emerging technologies within the general area of infrastructure planning and management.
This proceedings, "Infrastructure Planning and Management", consists of papers presente... more This proceedings, "Infrastructure Planning and Management", consists of papers presented at two parallel conferences held in Denver, Colorado, June 21-23, 1993. Part I covers a wide range of issues, research, and applications in the area of infrastructure management. Some of these are: Automated assessment of conditions; implementation of management systems; improvement of infrastructures; application of neural networks and geographic information systems; and modeling of deterioration. The second part of the proceedings explores the issue of uncertainty in infrastructure planning. It covers such topics as: private sector investment; fuzzy set theory; land usage/transportation modeling; digital imaging; real-time traffic control; and life-cycle benefit analysis. Both sections present case studies relevant to the issues discussed. This collection of papers provides engineers, planners, and technicians with a current comprehensive look at available and emerging technologies within the general area of infrastructure planning and management.
Transportation in the New Millennium, 2000
Looking to the future is a central focus in land development. The following perspectives put into... more Looking to the future is a central focus in land development. The following perspectives put into context the importance as well as the uncertainty of the task. These perspectives offer some insights into trends in real estate development and land use policy, supporting transportation services, and using analytical tools to understand future developments. The final section describes some likely future issues in transportation and land development.
Transportation Research Board 92nd Annual MeetingTransportation Research Board, 2013
The focus of this study is to address research needs for transportation public-private partnershi... more The focus of this study is to address research needs for transportation public-private partnership (P3) policy within the context of Virginia. The discussion begins examining the definition of P3s, an overview of P3 project implementation in the U.S., legislative factors and value for money analysis. Then, the research needs for Virginia transportation P3 policy are reviewed, using the Capital Beltway High Occupancy Toll lane (HOT lane) project as an example case study. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy research needs.
Transportation Research Board 91st Annual MeetingTransportation Research Board, 2012
The rise of “megaregions” has aroused great interest in transportation studies. In the context of... more The rise of “megaregions” has aroused great interest in transportation studies. In the context of this concept, this study applies social network analysis methods to investigate freight flows through seaports in the U.S., which has received relatively little research attention to date. Using data from Freight Analysis Framework version 3 (FAF3), different centrality measures of social network analysis are brought forward to examine and compare the existing and emergent seaport freight distribution patterns in the U.S. The objective of this analysis is to understand the intricate connections within the network. In addition to providing a general description across the nation, the analysis will place an emphasis on Norfolk, Virginia, with other key port areas along the Atlantic coast. It will provide insights on presumed economic interactions among seaports and megaregions. The analysis validates the central roles of Los Angeles, New York and Houston, as key hubs of international freight flows. Most key port areas belong to megaregions, while others are also geographically very close to megaregions. The distribution of freight flows between these key port areas and megaregions appears to be quite stable beyond 2007 until 2040. Though still in its exploratory phase, the study points to a plethora of research possibilities for freight flow analysis using social network analysis methods.
This paper examines the use of transportation asset management (TAM) as a mechanism for mainstrea... more This paper examines the use of transportation asset management (TAM) as a mechanism for mainstreaming intelligent transportation systems (ITS) into the transportation decisionmaking process. TAM is an emerging set of tools and techniques that comprise a comprehensive and structured approach to the long-term management of assets as tools for the efficient and effective delivery of community benefits. Support for TAM as a guiding approach for managing publicly owned transportation facilities such as highway and transit systems has been increasing, although it is still in its early stages
Transport Reviews, 2015
Abstract The limited understanding of public–private partnerships (P3s) for transportation infras... more Abstract The limited understanding of public–private partnerships (P3s) for transportation infrastructure finance has been generally attributed to a lack of data. The more fundamental question of how P3 data are utilized in the literature is more relevant and critical, but remains unclear. This study investigates this question by examining the linkages between research objectives and data characteristics through a meta-analysis of infrastructure P3 studies using multinomial regressions. It analyzes 95 empirical studies that adopt actual data, selected from a P3 research database that includes over 345 studies and are classified into five categories including performance, contract, risk, value for money, and institutional factors. Results show that the case studies are less frequently utilized to understand P3s' institutional issues compared to those that focus on P3s' performance or VFM. Survey data are more frequently used to study P3 contracts rather than issues related to P3 project risk. We highlight the need for policy-makers to require continuing disclosure of P3 performance for validating the effectiveness of the procurement model and to improve the practice.
The limited understanding of public-private partnerships (P3s) for infrastructure finance has bee... more The limited understanding of public-private partnerships (P3s) for infrastructure finance has been generally attributed to a lack of data. The more fundamental question of how P3 data are utilized in the literature is more relevant and critical, but has not received scholarly attention to date. This study investigates this question by examining the linkages between research objectives and data characteristics through a meta-analysis of infrastructure P3 studies using multinomial regressions. It analyzes 90 empirical studies that use actual data, selected from a P3 research database that includes over 340 studies and are classified into five categories including performance, contract, risk, value for money (VFM) and institutional factors. Results show that the case study method is more frequently utilized to analyze institutional issues regarding P3s than that studies that focus on performance and VFM, whereas survey data are more frequently used to analyze issues related to P3 perfo...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012
Empirical analysis of price elasticity on U.S. toll roads is urgently needed in policy debates an... more Empirical analysis of price elasticity on U.S. toll roads is urgently needed in policy debates and investment decision-making as the transportation infrastructure needs grow rapidly and the market for Private-Public Partnership is expanding in many States. This project first reviews the historical evidence on toll elasticity reported in literature, and then developed a database of U.S. toll road to examine both the traveler's responsiveness to road pricing and whether functional class and geographic coverage of the toll facility explains the variation in estimates of road pricing elasticity of demand. A dynamic panel data analysis of travel demand data for 64 U.S. toll roads in 15 states from 2004 to 2013 shows that the short-run price elasticity is smaller for urban toll roads than intercity roads and smaller for interstate than non-interstate toll roads. One explanation is that despite the availability of free alternative routes in urban areas, free routes are not practical to use due to higher travel cost and reduced travel time savings because of congestion in urban areas. Implications for transportation policy are also discussed.
Uploads
Papers by Jonathan Gifford