Collective efficacy can be defined as a group’s shared confidence that they will successfully ach... more Collective efficacy can be defined as a group’s shared confidence that they will successfully achieve their goal. We examined which behaviors and events are perceived as sources of collective efficacy beliefs in a volleyball context. In Study 1, volleyball coaches from the highest volleyball leagues (n=33) in Belgium indicated the most important sources of collective efficacy. This list was then adapted based on the literature and on feedback given by an expert focus group, resulting in a 40-item questionnaire. In Study 2, coaches and players from all levels of volleyball in Belgium (n=2,365) rated each of these sources on their predictive value for collective efficacy. A principal component analysis revealed that the 40 sources could be divided into eight internally consistent components. Positive supportive communication (e.g., enthusiasm after making a point) was identified as the component that was most predictive for positive collective efficacy beliefs. A component referring t...
Introduction ’We have to believe that we can make it as a team!’ Coaches, players and other sport... more Introduction ’We have to believe that we can make it as a team!’ Coaches, players and other sport enthusiasts routinely talk about the importance of team confidence. Psychologists refer to this concept as collective efficacy, defined as ’a group’s shared confidence that they will successfully achieve their goal’. Previous research findings revealed that teams with a strong sense of collective efficacy set more challenging goals, exert more effort, and are ultimately more likely to succeed. Nevertheless, little is known about the sources contributing to the development of collective efficacy. Therefore, in this study we examined which behaviours and events are perceived as sources of collective efficacy beliefs in volleyball. Study 1 In Study 1, volleyball coaches from the highest volleyball leagues (n=33) in Belgium indicated the most important sources of collective efficacy. This list was then adapted based on the literature and on feedback given by an expert focus group, resulting...
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, Jan 15, 2014
The present research aimed to develop and test a theoretical model that links players' percei... more The present research aimed to develop and test a theoretical model that links players' perceived justice of the coach to a more optimal motivational climate, which in turn increases players' team identification and cohesion, and results in lower levels of social loafing in female sport teams. Belgian elite female basketball, volleyball, and football players (study 1; N = 259; Mage = 22.6) and Norwegian world-class female handball players (study 2; N = 110; Mage = 22.8) completed questionnaires assessing players' perceived justice (distributive and procedural), motivational climate, team identification, team cohesion (task and social), and social loafing (perceived and self-reported). In both studies, confirmatory and exploratory path analyses indicated that perceived justice was positively related to a mastery climate (P < 0.05) and negatively to a performance climate (P < 0.05). In turn, a mastery climate was linked to increased levels of team identification (P ...
This study investigated the decision-making process of three instructional groups (i.e., teacher-... more This study investigated the decision-making process of three instructional groups (i.e., teacher-centered, student-centered with tactical questioning and studentcentered without tactical questioning) in practical courses in volleyball among university students. All students (N = 122) performed a Tactical Awareness task on the correctness of the decision-making process at three testing phases (i.e., pretest, posttest and retention test). The results revealed that the tactical awareness of all students ameliorated after five lessons (posttest) and this effect persisted over time after six weeks (retention test). However, the tactical knowledge of the studentcentered instructional group with tactical questioning improved significantly more than the two other instructional groups. These findings highlight the importance of a student-centered approach with an active involvement of students in evaluative skills to enhance the tactical decision-making process.
Although it is generally accepted that team confidence is beneficial for optimal team functioning... more Although it is generally accepted that team confidence is beneficial for optimal team functioning and performance, little is known about the predictors of team confidence. The present study aims to shed light on the precursors of both high and low team confidence in two different sports. A distinction is made between sources of process-oriented team confidence (i.e., collective efficacy) and sources of outcome-oriented team confidence (i.e., team outcome confidence), which have often been confounded in previous research. In a first step, two qualitative studies were conducted to identify all possible sources of team confidence in basketball and in soccer. In a second step, three quantitative studies were conducted to further investigate the sources of team outcome confidence in soccer (N = 1,028) and in basketball (N =867), and the sources of collective efficacy in basketball (N = 825). Players perceived high-quality performance as the most important factor for their team outcome confidence. With regard to collective efficacy, team enthusiasm was perceived as most predictive determinant. Positive coaching emerged as second most decisive factor for both types of team confidence. In contrast, negative communication and expression by the players or the coach was perceived as the most decisive predictor of low levels of team confidence. At item level, all studies pointed to the importance of team confidence expression by the athlete leaders (i.e., leader figures within the team) and the coach. The present manuscript shed light on the precursors of high and low levels of team confidence. Athlete leaders and the coach emerged as key triggers of both upward and downward spirals of team confidence, thereby contaminating all team members.
... context (Goris, 2006). Belongingness supportive leadership was tapped from the Children&a... more ... context (Goris, 2006). Belongingness supportive leadership was tapped from the Children&amp;amp;amp;#x27;s Report on Parenting Behavior Inventory (CRPBI; Schaefer, 1965), of which we adapted two items to the sport context. An example is ...
Wanneer het woord “leiderschap” valt in een sportcontext, wordt dit vaak onbewust in verband gebr... more Wanneer het woord “leiderschap” valt in een sportcontext, wordt dit vaak onbewust in verband gebracht met leiderschap van de coach. Wat dikwijls onderschat wordt, is het belang van leidersfiguren binnen het team; spelers die zowel op als naast het veld de leiding nemen. Gezien deze spelers een cruciale bijdrage kunnen leveren om een team optimaal te laten presteren, gaan we binnen deze studie dieper in op deze leiders. Wat zijn de verschillende leiderschapsrollen die spelers op zich kunnen nemen binnen een team? Wat zijn hun belangrijkste kenmerken? En welke rol speelt de kapitein hierin? Leiderschap binnen een sportteam kent verschillende aspecten. Om dit te kunnen vatten, stellen we 4 verschillende leiderschapsrollen voor die spelers op zich kunnen nemen: - De taakleider neemt de leiding op het veld, stuurt de andere spelers bij en geeft hen tactische aanwijzingen. - De motivationele leider moedigt de andere spelers op het veld aan om tot het uiterste te gaan. - De sociale leider ...
Collective efficacy can be defined as a group’s shared confidence that they will successfully ach... more Collective efficacy can be defined as a group’s shared confidence that they will successfully achieve their goal. We examined which behaviors and events are perceived as sources of collective efficacy beliefs in a volleyball context. In Study 1, volleyball coaches from the highest volleyball leagues (n=33) in Belgium indicated the most important sources of collective efficacy. This list was then adapted based on the literature and on feedback given by an expert focus group, resulting in a 40-item questionnaire. In Study 2, coaches and players from all levels of volleyball in Belgium (n=2,365) rated each of these sources on their predictive value for collective efficacy. A principal component analysis revealed that the 40 sources could be divided into eight internally consistent components. Positive supportive communication (e.g., enthusiasm after making a point) was identified as the component that was most predictive for positive collective efficacy beliefs. A component referring t...
Introduction ’We have to believe that we can make it as a team!’ Coaches, players and other sport... more Introduction ’We have to believe that we can make it as a team!’ Coaches, players and other sport enthusiasts routinely talk about the importance of team confidence. Psychologists refer to this concept as collective efficacy, defined as ’a group’s shared confidence that they will successfully achieve their goal’. Previous research findings revealed that teams with a strong sense of collective efficacy set more challenging goals, exert more effort, and are ultimately more likely to succeed. Nevertheless, little is known about the sources contributing to the development of collective efficacy. Therefore, in this study we examined which behaviours and events are perceived as sources of collective efficacy beliefs in volleyball. Study 1 In Study 1, volleyball coaches from the highest volleyball leagues (n=33) in Belgium indicated the most important sources of collective efficacy. This list was then adapted based on the literature and on feedback given by an expert focus group, resulting...
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, Jan 15, 2014
The present research aimed to develop and test a theoretical model that links players' percei... more The present research aimed to develop and test a theoretical model that links players' perceived justice of the coach to a more optimal motivational climate, which in turn increases players' team identification and cohesion, and results in lower levels of social loafing in female sport teams. Belgian elite female basketball, volleyball, and football players (study 1; N = 259; Mage = 22.6) and Norwegian world-class female handball players (study 2; N = 110; Mage = 22.8) completed questionnaires assessing players' perceived justice (distributive and procedural), motivational climate, team identification, team cohesion (task and social), and social loafing (perceived and self-reported). In both studies, confirmatory and exploratory path analyses indicated that perceived justice was positively related to a mastery climate (P < 0.05) and negatively to a performance climate (P < 0.05). In turn, a mastery climate was linked to increased levels of team identification (P ...
This study investigated the decision-making process of three instructional groups (i.e., teacher-... more This study investigated the decision-making process of three instructional groups (i.e., teacher-centered, student-centered with tactical questioning and studentcentered without tactical questioning) in practical courses in volleyball among university students. All students (N = 122) performed a Tactical Awareness task on the correctness of the decision-making process at three testing phases (i.e., pretest, posttest and retention test). The results revealed that the tactical awareness of all students ameliorated after five lessons (posttest) and this effect persisted over time after six weeks (retention test). However, the tactical knowledge of the studentcentered instructional group with tactical questioning improved significantly more than the two other instructional groups. These findings highlight the importance of a student-centered approach with an active involvement of students in evaluative skills to enhance the tactical decision-making process.
Although it is generally accepted that team confidence is beneficial for optimal team functioning... more Although it is generally accepted that team confidence is beneficial for optimal team functioning and performance, little is known about the predictors of team confidence. The present study aims to shed light on the precursors of both high and low team confidence in two different sports. A distinction is made between sources of process-oriented team confidence (i.e., collective efficacy) and sources of outcome-oriented team confidence (i.e., team outcome confidence), which have often been confounded in previous research. In a first step, two qualitative studies were conducted to identify all possible sources of team confidence in basketball and in soccer. In a second step, three quantitative studies were conducted to further investigate the sources of team outcome confidence in soccer (N = 1,028) and in basketball (N =867), and the sources of collective efficacy in basketball (N = 825). Players perceived high-quality performance as the most important factor for their team outcome confidence. With regard to collective efficacy, team enthusiasm was perceived as most predictive determinant. Positive coaching emerged as second most decisive factor for both types of team confidence. In contrast, negative communication and expression by the players or the coach was perceived as the most decisive predictor of low levels of team confidence. At item level, all studies pointed to the importance of team confidence expression by the athlete leaders (i.e., leader figures within the team) and the coach. The present manuscript shed light on the precursors of high and low levels of team confidence. Athlete leaders and the coach emerged as key triggers of both upward and downward spirals of team confidence, thereby contaminating all team members.
... context (Goris, 2006). Belongingness supportive leadership was tapped from the Children&a... more ... context (Goris, 2006). Belongingness supportive leadership was tapped from the Children&amp;amp;amp;#x27;s Report on Parenting Behavior Inventory (CRPBI; Schaefer, 1965), of which we adapted two items to the sport context. An example is ...
Wanneer het woord “leiderschap” valt in een sportcontext, wordt dit vaak onbewust in verband gebr... more Wanneer het woord “leiderschap” valt in een sportcontext, wordt dit vaak onbewust in verband gebracht met leiderschap van de coach. Wat dikwijls onderschat wordt, is het belang van leidersfiguren binnen het team; spelers die zowel op als naast het veld de leiding nemen. Gezien deze spelers een cruciale bijdrage kunnen leveren om een team optimaal te laten presteren, gaan we binnen deze studie dieper in op deze leiders. Wat zijn de verschillende leiderschapsrollen die spelers op zich kunnen nemen binnen een team? Wat zijn hun belangrijkste kenmerken? En welke rol speelt de kapitein hierin? Leiderschap binnen een sportteam kent verschillende aspecten. Om dit te kunnen vatten, stellen we 4 verschillende leiderschapsrollen voor die spelers op zich kunnen nemen: - De taakleider neemt de leiding op het veld, stuurt de andere spelers bij en geeft hen tactische aanwijzingen. - De motivationele leider moedigt de andere spelers op het veld aan om tot het uiterste te gaan. - De sociale leider ...
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