Background: Surgical intervention is one of the core components of the health care system, yet no... more Background: Surgical intervention is one of the core components of the health care system, yet not free of risks. Once postoperative complications occur, patients are subjected to extra costs for treatment, longer hospital stay, and associated disabilities. The chance of death also increases once patients develop postoperative complications. However, the extent of in-hospital postoperative complications was not well studied in Ethiopia, particularly in the Eastern part of the country. As a result, this study was aimed to determine the magnitude of postoperative complications and to identify associated factors among surgical patients treated at a tertiary hospital, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from July 1, 2019 to January 30, 2020. Patients from general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic, and pediatric surgery were incorporated into the study. The calculated sample size was 384 using single population formulas. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with postoperative complications. The significance level of associations was considered with a P-value <0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval(CI). Results: 8The magnitude of postoperative complications was 12.5% (95% CI=9.4-16.2%). From those who had developed postoperative complications, 20.5% were deceased. Factors associated with postoperative complications were cigarette smoking (AOR=4.02, 95% CI=1.86-8.66), patients with a morbidity status according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) category 2 (AOR=7.83; 95% CI=2.95-20.75), ASA 3 (AOR=9.62; 95% CI=1.70-54.46), and ASA 4 (AOR=3.25; 95% CI=1.22-8.60), operative hours of 1-2 hours duration (AOR=3.38; 95% CI=1.45-7.94), operative hours of more than 2 hours (AOR=4.36; 95% CI=1.91-9.95), and intraoperative complications (AOR=5.96; 95% CI=1.707-20.87). Conclusion: This study showed a higher proportion of postoperative complications associated mortality rates compared to similar studies across the world. The majority of patients who developed complications and died were those who were operated on on an emergency basis. This mandates to follow the damage control surgery protocol, though further study might be needed to sort out the likely causes for this increased risk.
Background:Pre-lacteal feeding is associated with infant morbidity and mortality especially durin... more Background:Pre-lacteal feeding is associated with infant morbidity and mortality especially during the neonatal period. About 96% infant deaths in developing countries are attributable to inappropriate feeding practice during the first 6 months of life. This study assessed determinants of pre-lacteal feeding practices in Ethiopia using the data from nationally representative survey.Methods:Data were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey to assess determinants of pre-lacteal feeding practices in Ethiopia. The analysis included a weighted sample of 5303 mothers having children aged 0–36 months. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted and the results were presented with adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence interval, declaring statistical significance at a p-value < 0.05 in all analyses.Results:From a total of 5303 mothers having children aged 0–36 months, 423 (8%, 95% confidence interval, 7.06%, 8.99%) had given pre-lacteal foods to their newborn baby. Being from agrarian region (adjusted odds ratio = 0.15, 95% confidence interval, 0.11, 0.20), poorest wealth status (adjusted odds ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval, 1.02, 2.22), home delivery (adjusted odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval, 1.01, 1.79), late initiation of breast feeding (adjusted odds ratio = 4.52, 95% confidence interval, 3.62, 5.64), having no counseling on breast feeding (adjusted odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval, 1.01, 1.75), and cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio = 2.47, 95% confidence interval, 1.45, 4.20) were factors significantly associated with pre-lacteal feeding practice.Conclusion:A significant proportion of Ethiopian mothers had given pre-lacteal foods to their newborn babies. Poorest wealth index, region, late initiation of breast feeding, not counseled on breast feeding, home delivery, and cesarean delivery were identified as determinants of pre-lacteal feeding. Thus, emphasis should be given to improve mothers’ Infant and Young Child Feeding practice through counseling and utilization of institutional delivery. Moreover, special attention should be given to mothers from pastoralist regions and poor socio-economic status to reduce pre-lacteal feeding practice.
Background. A pregnancy is described unintended if it is either unwanted or mistimed. The former ... more Background. A pregnancy is described unintended if it is either unwanted or mistimed. The former occurs when no child or no more children are desired, and the latter is when the conception occurs earlier than the desired time, but wanted later. Unwanted pregnancy causes a serious health, economic, and social problem to the woman and her family. In the study area, there is limited data on unintended pregnancy. Therefore, this study fills this gap by studying the magnitude of unintended pregnancy and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in the study area. Methods. A facilitybased cross-sectional study was done from 1 March to 1 April 2019, among 612 randomly selected pregnant women attending antenatal care at Bako Tibe district public health facility. The data were collected via interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire. They were entered into EpiData Version 3.1 and SPSS Version 23 for cleaning and analyses. The variables, which were significant at P ≤ 0:2 in the bivariate logistic regression, were included in the multivariable analysis. The direction and strength of statistical association were measured by an odds ratio with 95% CI. A variable with a P value < 0.05 was considered a significantly associated factor with the outcome one. Results. In this study, the prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 33.3%, at 95% CI (29.8, 37.3). The factors that had significant association with unintended pregnancy were family size ≥ 6 (AOR = 8:0, 95% CI: 1.38-46.66), women who did not communicate about family planning with their husbands (AOR = 2:8, 95% CI: 1.50-5.20), and parity ≥ 5 (AOR = 3:0, 95% CI: 1.34-6.8). Conclusion. About one-third of the pregnant women reported that their pregnancy was unintended. Parity, family size, and lack of spousal communication showed a significant association with the problem. To decrease the current level of unintended pregnancy in the area, the Bako Tibe District Health Bureau and the health workers should work harder to scale up spousal communication on family planning.
Introduction Adherence to anti-asthmatic medications plays a vital role in enhancing an asthma pa... more Introduction Adherence to anti-asthmatic medications plays a vital role in enhancing an asthma patient's quality of life and prognosis. However, in Ethiopia, the level of adherence and contributing factors were rarely studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of adherence to anti-asthma medications and associated factors among adult asthmatic patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Method Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at six governmental hospitals found in Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 320 asthma patients aged 18 years and above and using asthma medicines for at least 12 months were involved. An interviewer based structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS version 22 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to determine the strength of association between independent variables and outcome variable. Variables with a p-value of � 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result Of the 320 asthma patients that participated in the study, 109(34.1%:28.8-39.1%) of them had good adherence to anti-asthmatic medications. Being a housewife (
Introduction Adherence to anti-asthmatic medications plays a vital role in enhancing an asthma pa... more Introduction Adherence to anti-asthmatic medications plays a vital role in enhancing an asthma patient’s quality of life and prognosis. However, in Ethiopia, the level of adherence and contributing factors were rarely studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of adherence to anti-asthma medications and associated factors among adult asthmatic patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Method Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at six governmental hospitals found in Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 320 asthma patients aged 18 years and above and using asthma medicines for at least 12 months were involved. An interviewer based structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS version 22 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to determine the strength of association between independent variables and outcome ...
Background: The perceived stress and anxiety among medical students have bleak consequences on th... more Background: The perceived stress and anxiety among medical students have bleak consequences on their academic performances, physical, and psychological wellbeing. However, there is a dearth of reliable epidemiological studies in Ethiopia on medical student's experience of stress and anxiety. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated with stress and anxiety among undergraduate medical students of Haramaya University, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 13 to June 12, 2019 among 523 participants selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using structured questionarie through self-adminstered method. Data were entered by Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using Stastical Package for Social Science(SPSS) version 22. Bivariableand multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify factors associated with anxiety and stress. Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval(CI) was used to show the strength of association, and P-value of 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of stress was 44% (95% CI: 40.2%-48.2%) and anxiety was 48.9% (95% CI: 44.6%−53.3%) among undergraduate medical students of Haramaya University. Being female (AOR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.28-2.81) and living off-campus (AOR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.12-2.73) were factors significantly associated with both stress and anxiety. Whereas, alcohol use (AOR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.50-3.50) and smoking cigarette (AOR=3.50, 95% CI: 1.58-7.73) linked with stress. The poor psychosocial support (AOR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.20-3.20) was significantly associated with anxiety. Conclusion: Substantially a higher level of stress and anxiety was reported. Being female and living off-campus were linked with both stress and anxiety. Where as, alcohol use and smoking cigarette were associated with stress and poor psychological support was significantly associated with anxiety.
Objective: Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite various attempts, it is sti... more Objective: Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite various attempts, it is still uncontrolled in most parts of the world. Moreover, it is contributing to the national and global burden of non-communicable diseases. Studying factors associated with uncontrolled asthma in different parts of Ethiopia is crucial to control the disease and improving the quality of life of asthmatic patients. Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with uncontrolled asthma among adult asthmatic patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study was employed from 1st October 2020 to 30th January 2021. A total of 416 adult asthmatic patients participated in the study from six hospitals follow-up clinics. Asthma control test was used to assess the participants level of asthma control and a score of ⩽19 were regarded to have uncontrolled asthma. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to ide...
Background: Globally, newborn deaths have declined from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019;... more Background: Globally, newborn deaths have declined from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019; however, the risk of death in the first 28 days is high. Harmful umbilical cord care contributes to neonatal infection, which accounts for millions of neonatal deaths. This study assessed determinants of potentially harmful traditional cord care practices in Ethiopia using data from a nationally representative survey. Materials and methods: Secondary data analyses were employed using data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Weighted samples of 4,402 mothers who gave birth in the last 3 years prior to the survey were included in the analysis. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify associations of outcome variables with explanatory variable analysis, and the results were presented with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI), declaring statistical significance at a p-value < 0.05 in all analyses.
ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research, May 1, 2022
Health-care workers (HCWs) are among the highest risk groups for COVID-19 infection. The vaccine ... more Health-care workers (HCWs) are among the highest risk groups for COVID-19 infection. The vaccine is found to be vital for HCWs, their household contacts, and their patients to protect against COVID-19 infection and maintain the safety of health systems. The actual willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors remain uncertain among health-care workers in Ethiopia. Therefore, studying health-care workers' willingness to pay (WTP) for COVID-19 vaccination helps to have an insight on valuation of the vaccine. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 randomly selected health-care workers working in health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from February 3 to March 20, 2021. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to test the associations between outcome and explanatory variables. A p-value of <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The magnitude of willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine was 42.8%. The median amounts of money respondents willing to pay was 400 ETB
Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the length of stay and its associated factors among ad... more Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the length of stay and its associated factors among adult patients who visited Emergency Department of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adult patients who visit the Emergency Department. Systematic random sampling technique and an interviewer-administered data collection method was used. Data analyses were done using STATA version 16. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to control the potential confounders. The analysis outputs were presented using an odds ratio with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Independent variables were defined as statistically significant at p-values <0.05 in the final model. Result: A total of 169 [42.25% (95% CI: 37.5%−47.0%)] patients stayed longer than 24 h in the Emergency Department. We identified factors significantly associated with length of stay in ED include: pa...
Background Health insurance is among the healthcare financing reforms proposed to increase the av... more Background Health insurance is among the healthcare financing reforms proposed to increase the available healthcare resources and to decrease the risk of household financial crisis. Recently, Ethiopia has been implementing community-based health insurance which mainly targets the very large rural agricultural sector and small and informal sector in urban settings. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the coverage of health insurance and its determinants in Ethiopia. Methods Data were extracted from the 2019 mini Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) to assess determinants of health insurance coverage in Ethiopia. The analysis included a weighted sample of 8663 respondents. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted and the results were presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI), statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05 in all analyses. Results The health insurance coverage in Ethiopia was 28.1% (95%CI: 27.2%...
ObjectivePerinatal mortality is an important outcome indicator for newborn care and directly mirr... more ObjectivePerinatal mortality is an important outcome indicator for newborn care and directly mirrors the quality of prenatal, intra partum and newborn care. Therefore, this study was aimed at estimating perinatal mortality and its predictors in Eastern Ethiopia using data from Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS).Design, settings and participantsAn open dynamic cohort design was employed among pregnant women from 2015 to 2020 at KHDSS. A total of 19 687 women were observed over the period of 6 years, and 29 719 birth outcomes were registered.Outcome measuresPerinatal mortality rate was estimated for each year of cohort and the cumulative of 6 years. Predictors of perinatal mortality are identified.ResultsFrom a total of 29 306 births 783 (26.72 deaths per 1000 births; 95% CI 24.88 to 28.66) deaths were occurred during perinatal period. Rural residence (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.43; 95% CI 2.04 to 5.76), birth weight (low birth weight, AOR=3.98; 95% CI 3.04 to 5.20; big...
Background: Surgical intervention is one of the core components of the health care system, yet no... more Background: Surgical intervention is one of the core components of the health care system, yet not free of risks. Once postoperative complications occur, patients are subjected to extra costs for treatment, longer hospital stay, and associated disabilities. The chance of death also increases once patients develop postoperative complications. However, the extent of in-hospital postoperative complications was not well studied in Ethiopia, particularly in the Eastern part of the country. As a result, this study was aimed to determine the magnitude of postoperative complications and to identify associated factors among surgical patients treated at a tertiary hospital, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from July 1, 2019 to January 30, 2020. Patients from general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic, and pediatric surgery were incorporated into the study. The calculated sample size was 384 using single population formulas. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with postoperative complications. The significance level of associations was considered with a P-value <0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval(CI). Results: 8The magnitude of postoperative complications was 12.5% (95% CI=9.4-16.2%). From those who had developed postoperative complications, 20.5% were deceased. Factors associated with postoperative complications were cigarette smoking (AOR=4.02, 95% CI=1.86-8.66), patients with a morbidity status according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) category 2 (AOR=7.83; 95% CI=2.95-20.75), ASA 3 (AOR=9.62; 95% CI=1.70-54.46), and ASA 4 (AOR=3.25; 95% CI=1.22-8.60), operative hours of 1-2 hours duration (AOR=3.38; 95% CI=1.45-7.94), operative hours of more than 2 hours (AOR=4.36; 95% CI=1.91-9.95), and intraoperative complications (AOR=5.96; 95% CI=1.707-20.87). Conclusion: This study showed a higher proportion of postoperative complications associated mortality rates compared to similar studies across the world. The majority of patients who developed complications and died were those who were operated on on an emergency basis. This mandates to follow the damage control surgery protocol, though further study might be needed to sort out the likely causes for this increased risk.
Background Women after cesarean section have a five to twenty-times greater chance of getting an ... more Background Women after cesarean section have a five to twenty-times greater chance of getting an infection compared with women who give birth vaginally. Even though many efforts tried by the government and non-government organization in Ethiopia, a non-significant decline achieved and post cesarean section surgical site infection is still a problem. Scientific evidence on this is a step ahead for preventing and reducing post cesarean section surgical site infection. Therefore this study aimed to assess magnitude and risk factors of post cesarean section surgical site infection at primary hospitals of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution based cross sectional study with retrospective chart review was conducted from September 10–30 /2020 at primary hospitals of east Gojjam zone. The data was entered in Epi data version3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 26. Presence and degree of association of factors with outcome variable ...
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2021
Background Nowadays diabetic comorbidities constitute a major public health problem in Ethiopian ... more Background Nowadays diabetic comorbidities constitute a major public health problem in Ethiopian context. However, there is a dearth in epidemiology and risk factors of diabetic comorbidity in Ethiopia, particularly in the study setting. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated with concordant diabetic comorbidities among diabetic out-patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH), EasternEthiopia. Methodology A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing medical record charts of adult diabetic outpatients. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out by using STATA version 16.0. To measure the strength of association an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used. Moreover, variables with p-value ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant with the outcome variable. Results In this study, it is found that the overall prevalence of ...
Results: Unintended pregnancy was found to be 41.5%. The multivariable logistic regression reveal... more Results: Unintended pregnancy was found to be 41.5%. The multivariable logistic regression revealed that 35 and above age group (AOR; 2.343, 95% CI 1.374, 3.997), single marital status (AOR; 6.492, 95% CI 1.299, 32.455), parity of 2 (AOR; 53.419, 95% CI 21.453, 133.014), parity of 3 and above (AOR; 20.219, 95% CI 7.915, 51.655), having abortion history (AOR; 1.962, 95% CI 1.025, 3.755), having health professional visit (AOR; 2.004, 95% CI 1.218, 3.298) and having autonomy to use contraceptive method (AOR; 2.925, 95% CI 1.648, 5.190) were significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. Therefore, reproductive health advocacy, counseling and access of modern contraceptive methods are recommended.
Background Despite blood transfusion has been available for the past 200 years; there is still a ... more Background Despite blood transfusion has been available for the past 200 years; there is still a significant shortage of blood and blood products especially in low and middle income countries. In 2016 national blood demand of Ethiopia was estimated to be one million units per year, while only 17.4% (173,930) units of blood collected in the same year. Out of 25,400 units of blood requirement per year in West Hararghe, only 2750 units (10.8%) was collected in 2016 and 80% of these were from Civil servants. The aim of the study was to assess voluntary blood donation practice and associated factors among Chiro Town’s civil servants in 2018. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 383 civil servants selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using self-administer and pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between determinant factors and voluntary blood donation p...
Background: Blood donation has remained a challenge in developing countries, like Ethiopia. In Et... more Background: Blood donation has remained a challenge in developing countries, like Ethiopia. In Ethiopia there is a high reliance on family surrogate and waged blood donors which carries an attendant increased risk of transfusion transmissible infection. Health workers are expected to practice blood donation so as to create a good image to the public. A study on blood donation behavior may improve successful implementation of the blood donation programs. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was deployed from January to June 2015. An aggregate of 427 health workers were included in the study by using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using pre tested and structured questionnaire via self-administrated method. Descriptive and summary statistics were employed. Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were computed. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the level of significance. Results: A total of 427 participants were included in the final analysis (response rate = 100%). Among these participants, 33.2% of them practice blood donation. Age above 25 years [AOR = 1.8 (95% CI 1.1, 3.0)], health professionals' knowledge of blood donation [AOR = 1.9 (95% CI 1.1, 3.1)], health professionals' attitude towards blood donation [AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1. 8, 4.9)], and the presence of family members or relatives who received blood [AOR = 5.4, 95% CI 3.7, 8.7)] were significantly and independently associated with blood donation behavior of health professionals. Conclusions: Blood donation practice of health professionals in this study was found to be low as compared to other studies conducted in developing countries. Health professionals' knowledge, attitude, age and the presence of family members or relatives who received blood before were independently associated with blood donation practice. Thus, awareness has to be created for health professionals to improve blood donation practices.
Background: Surgical intervention is one of the core components of the health care system, yet no... more Background: Surgical intervention is one of the core components of the health care system, yet not free of risks. Once postoperative complications occur, patients are subjected to extra costs for treatment, longer hospital stay, and associated disabilities. The chance of death also increases once patients develop postoperative complications. However, the extent of in-hospital postoperative complications was not well studied in Ethiopia, particularly in the Eastern part of the country. As a result, this study was aimed to determine the magnitude of postoperative complications and to identify associated factors among surgical patients treated at a tertiary hospital, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from July 1, 2019 to January 30, 2020. Patients from general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic, and pediatric surgery were incorporated into the study. The calculated sample size was 384 using single population formulas. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with postoperative complications. The significance level of associations was considered with a P-value <0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval(CI). Results: 8The magnitude of postoperative complications was 12.5% (95% CI=9.4-16.2%). From those who had developed postoperative complications, 20.5% were deceased. Factors associated with postoperative complications were cigarette smoking (AOR=4.02, 95% CI=1.86-8.66), patients with a morbidity status according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) category 2 (AOR=7.83; 95% CI=2.95-20.75), ASA 3 (AOR=9.62; 95% CI=1.70-54.46), and ASA 4 (AOR=3.25; 95% CI=1.22-8.60), operative hours of 1-2 hours duration (AOR=3.38; 95% CI=1.45-7.94), operative hours of more than 2 hours (AOR=4.36; 95% CI=1.91-9.95), and intraoperative complications (AOR=5.96; 95% CI=1.707-20.87). Conclusion: This study showed a higher proportion of postoperative complications associated mortality rates compared to similar studies across the world. The majority of patients who developed complications and died were those who were operated on on an emergency basis. This mandates to follow the damage control surgery protocol, though further study might be needed to sort out the likely causes for this increased risk.
Background:Pre-lacteal feeding is associated with infant morbidity and mortality especially durin... more Background:Pre-lacteal feeding is associated with infant morbidity and mortality especially during the neonatal period. About 96% infant deaths in developing countries are attributable to inappropriate feeding practice during the first 6 months of life. This study assessed determinants of pre-lacteal feeding practices in Ethiopia using the data from nationally representative survey.Methods:Data were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey to assess determinants of pre-lacteal feeding practices in Ethiopia. The analysis included a weighted sample of 5303 mothers having children aged 0–36 months. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted and the results were presented with adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence interval, declaring statistical significance at a p-value < 0.05 in all analyses.Results:From a total of 5303 mothers having children aged 0–36 months, 423 (8%, 95% confidence interval, 7.06%, 8.99%) had given pre-lacteal foods to their newborn baby. Being from agrarian region (adjusted odds ratio = 0.15, 95% confidence interval, 0.11, 0.20), poorest wealth status (adjusted odds ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval, 1.02, 2.22), home delivery (adjusted odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval, 1.01, 1.79), late initiation of breast feeding (adjusted odds ratio = 4.52, 95% confidence interval, 3.62, 5.64), having no counseling on breast feeding (adjusted odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval, 1.01, 1.75), and cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio = 2.47, 95% confidence interval, 1.45, 4.20) were factors significantly associated with pre-lacteal feeding practice.Conclusion:A significant proportion of Ethiopian mothers had given pre-lacteal foods to their newborn babies. Poorest wealth index, region, late initiation of breast feeding, not counseled on breast feeding, home delivery, and cesarean delivery were identified as determinants of pre-lacteal feeding. Thus, emphasis should be given to improve mothers’ Infant and Young Child Feeding practice through counseling and utilization of institutional delivery. Moreover, special attention should be given to mothers from pastoralist regions and poor socio-economic status to reduce pre-lacteal feeding practice.
Background. A pregnancy is described unintended if it is either unwanted or mistimed. The former ... more Background. A pregnancy is described unintended if it is either unwanted or mistimed. The former occurs when no child or no more children are desired, and the latter is when the conception occurs earlier than the desired time, but wanted later. Unwanted pregnancy causes a serious health, economic, and social problem to the woman and her family. In the study area, there is limited data on unintended pregnancy. Therefore, this study fills this gap by studying the magnitude of unintended pregnancy and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in the study area. Methods. A facilitybased cross-sectional study was done from 1 March to 1 April 2019, among 612 randomly selected pregnant women attending antenatal care at Bako Tibe district public health facility. The data were collected via interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire. They were entered into EpiData Version 3.1 and SPSS Version 23 for cleaning and analyses. The variables, which were significant at P ≤ 0:2 in the bivariate logistic regression, were included in the multivariable analysis. The direction and strength of statistical association were measured by an odds ratio with 95% CI. A variable with a P value < 0.05 was considered a significantly associated factor with the outcome one. Results. In this study, the prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 33.3%, at 95% CI (29.8, 37.3). The factors that had significant association with unintended pregnancy were family size ≥ 6 (AOR = 8:0, 95% CI: 1.38-46.66), women who did not communicate about family planning with their husbands (AOR = 2:8, 95% CI: 1.50-5.20), and parity ≥ 5 (AOR = 3:0, 95% CI: 1.34-6.8). Conclusion. About one-third of the pregnant women reported that their pregnancy was unintended. Parity, family size, and lack of spousal communication showed a significant association with the problem. To decrease the current level of unintended pregnancy in the area, the Bako Tibe District Health Bureau and the health workers should work harder to scale up spousal communication on family planning.
Introduction Adherence to anti-asthmatic medications plays a vital role in enhancing an asthma pa... more Introduction Adherence to anti-asthmatic medications plays a vital role in enhancing an asthma patient's quality of life and prognosis. However, in Ethiopia, the level of adherence and contributing factors were rarely studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of adherence to anti-asthma medications and associated factors among adult asthmatic patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Method Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at six governmental hospitals found in Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 320 asthma patients aged 18 years and above and using asthma medicines for at least 12 months were involved. An interviewer based structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS version 22 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to determine the strength of association between independent variables and outcome variable. Variables with a p-value of � 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result Of the 320 asthma patients that participated in the study, 109(34.1%:28.8-39.1%) of them had good adherence to anti-asthmatic medications. Being a housewife (
Introduction Adherence to anti-asthmatic medications plays a vital role in enhancing an asthma pa... more Introduction Adherence to anti-asthmatic medications plays a vital role in enhancing an asthma patient’s quality of life and prognosis. However, in Ethiopia, the level of adherence and contributing factors were rarely studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of adherence to anti-asthma medications and associated factors among adult asthmatic patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Method Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at six governmental hospitals found in Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 320 asthma patients aged 18 years and above and using asthma medicines for at least 12 months were involved. An interviewer based structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS version 22 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to determine the strength of association between independent variables and outcome ...
Background: The perceived stress and anxiety among medical students have bleak consequences on th... more Background: The perceived stress and anxiety among medical students have bleak consequences on their academic performances, physical, and psychological wellbeing. However, there is a dearth of reliable epidemiological studies in Ethiopia on medical student's experience of stress and anxiety. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated with stress and anxiety among undergraduate medical students of Haramaya University, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 13 to June 12, 2019 among 523 participants selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using structured questionarie through self-adminstered method. Data were entered by Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using Stastical Package for Social Science(SPSS) version 22. Bivariableand multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify factors associated with anxiety and stress. Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval(CI) was used to show the strength of association, and P-value of 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of stress was 44% (95% CI: 40.2%-48.2%) and anxiety was 48.9% (95% CI: 44.6%−53.3%) among undergraduate medical students of Haramaya University. Being female (AOR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.28-2.81) and living off-campus (AOR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.12-2.73) were factors significantly associated with both stress and anxiety. Whereas, alcohol use (AOR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.50-3.50) and smoking cigarette (AOR=3.50, 95% CI: 1.58-7.73) linked with stress. The poor psychosocial support (AOR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.20-3.20) was significantly associated with anxiety. Conclusion: Substantially a higher level of stress and anxiety was reported. Being female and living off-campus were linked with both stress and anxiety. Where as, alcohol use and smoking cigarette were associated with stress and poor psychological support was significantly associated with anxiety.
Objective: Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite various attempts, it is sti... more Objective: Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite various attempts, it is still uncontrolled in most parts of the world. Moreover, it is contributing to the national and global burden of non-communicable diseases. Studying factors associated with uncontrolled asthma in different parts of Ethiopia is crucial to control the disease and improving the quality of life of asthmatic patients. Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with uncontrolled asthma among adult asthmatic patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study was employed from 1st October 2020 to 30th January 2021. A total of 416 adult asthmatic patients participated in the study from six hospitals follow-up clinics. Asthma control test was used to assess the participants level of asthma control and a score of ⩽19 were regarded to have uncontrolled asthma. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to ide...
Background: Globally, newborn deaths have declined from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019;... more Background: Globally, newborn deaths have declined from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019; however, the risk of death in the first 28 days is high. Harmful umbilical cord care contributes to neonatal infection, which accounts for millions of neonatal deaths. This study assessed determinants of potentially harmful traditional cord care practices in Ethiopia using data from a nationally representative survey. Materials and methods: Secondary data analyses were employed using data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Weighted samples of 4,402 mothers who gave birth in the last 3 years prior to the survey were included in the analysis. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify associations of outcome variables with explanatory variable analysis, and the results were presented with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI), declaring statistical significance at a p-value < 0.05 in all analyses.
ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research, May 1, 2022
Health-care workers (HCWs) are among the highest risk groups for COVID-19 infection. The vaccine ... more Health-care workers (HCWs) are among the highest risk groups for COVID-19 infection. The vaccine is found to be vital for HCWs, their household contacts, and their patients to protect against COVID-19 infection and maintain the safety of health systems. The actual willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors remain uncertain among health-care workers in Ethiopia. Therefore, studying health-care workers' willingness to pay (WTP) for COVID-19 vaccination helps to have an insight on valuation of the vaccine. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 randomly selected health-care workers working in health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from February 3 to March 20, 2021. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to test the associations between outcome and explanatory variables. A p-value of <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The magnitude of willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine was 42.8%. The median amounts of money respondents willing to pay was 400 ETB
Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the length of stay and its associated factors among ad... more Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the length of stay and its associated factors among adult patients who visited Emergency Department of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Method: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adult patients who visit the Emergency Department. Systematic random sampling technique and an interviewer-administered data collection method was used. Data analyses were done using STATA version 16. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to control the potential confounders. The analysis outputs were presented using an odds ratio with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Independent variables were defined as statistically significant at p-values <0.05 in the final model. Result: A total of 169 [42.25% (95% CI: 37.5%−47.0%)] patients stayed longer than 24 h in the Emergency Department. We identified factors significantly associated with length of stay in ED include: pa...
Background Health insurance is among the healthcare financing reforms proposed to increase the av... more Background Health insurance is among the healthcare financing reforms proposed to increase the available healthcare resources and to decrease the risk of household financial crisis. Recently, Ethiopia has been implementing community-based health insurance which mainly targets the very large rural agricultural sector and small and informal sector in urban settings. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the coverage of health insurance and its determinants in Ethiopia. Methods Data were extracted from the 2019 mini Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) to assess determinants of health insurance coverage in Ethiopia. The analysis included a weighted sample of 8663 respondents. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted and the results were presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI), statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05 in all analyses. Results The health insurance coverage in Ethiopia was 28.1% (95%CI: 27.2%...
ObjectivePerinatal mortality is an important outcome indicator for newborn care and directly mirr... more ObjectivePerinatal mortality is an important outcome indicator for newborn care and directly mirrors the quality of prenatal, intra partum and newborn care. Therefore, this study was aimed at estimating perinatal mortality and its predictors in Eastern Ethiopia using data from Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS).Design, settings and participantsAn open dynamic cohort design was employed among pregnant women from 2015 to 2020 at KHDSS. A total of 19 687 women were observed over the period of 6 years, and 29 719 birth outcomes were registered.Outcome measuresPerinatal mortality rate was estimated for each year of cohort and the cumulative of 6 years. Predictors of perinatal mortality are identified.ResultsFrom a total of 29 306 births 783 (26.72 deaths per 1000 births; 95% CI 24.88 to 28.66) deaths were occurred during perinatal period. Rural residence (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.43; 95% CI 2.04 to 5.76), birth weight (low birth weight, AOR=3.98; 95% CI 3.04 to 5.20; big...
Background: Surgical intervention is one of the core components of the health care system, yet no... more Background: Surgical intervention is one of the core components of the health care system, yet not free of risks. Once postoperative complications occur, patients are subjected to extra costs for treatment, longer hospital stay, and associated disabilities. The chance of death also increases once patients develop postoperative complications. However, the extent of in-hospital postoperative complications was not well studied in Ethiopia, particularly in the Eastern part of the country. As a result, this study was aimed to determine the magnitude of postoperative complications and to identify associated factors among surgical patients treated at a tertiary hospital, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from July 1, 2019 to January 30, 2020. Patients from general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic, and pediatric surgery were incorporated into the study. The calculated sample size was 384 using single population formulas. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with postoperative complications. The significance level of associations was considered with a P-value <0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval(CI). Results: 8The magnitude of postoperative complications was 12.5% (95% CI=9.4-16.2%). From those who had developed postoperative complications, 20.5% were deceased. Factors associated with postoperative complications were cigarette smoking (AOR=4.02, 95% CI=1.86-8.66), patients with a morbidity status according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) category 2 (AOR=7.83; 95% CI=2.95-20.75), ASA 3 (AOR=9.62; 95% CI=1.70-54.46), and ASA 4 (AOR=3.25; 95% CI=1.22-8.60), operative hours of 1-2 hours duration (AOR=3.38; 95% CI=1.45-7.94), operative hours of more than 2 hours (AOR=4.36; 95% CI=1.91-9.95), and intraoperative complications (AOR=5.96; 95% CI=1.707-20.87). Conclusion: This study showed a higher proportion of postoperative complications associated mortality rates compared to similar studies across the world. The majority of patients who developed complications and died were those who were operated on on an emergency basis. This mandates to follow the damage control surgery protocol, though further study might be needed to sort out the likely causes for this increased risk.
Background Women after cesarean section have a five to twenty-times greater chance of getting an ... more Background Women after cesarean section have a five to twenty-times greater chance of getting an infection compared with women who give birth vaginally. Even though many efforts tried by the government and non-government organization in Ethiopia, a non-significant decline achieved and post cesarean section surgical site infection is still a problem. Scientific evidence on this is a step ahead for preventing and reducing post cesarean section surgical site infection. Therefore this study aimed to assess magnitude and risk factors of post cesarean section surgical site infection at primary hospitals of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution based cross sectional study with retrospective chart review was conducted from September 10–30 /2020 at primary hospitals of east Gojjam zone. The data was entered in Epi data version3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 26. Presence and degree of association of factors with outcome variable ...
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2021
Background Nowadays diabetic comorbidities constitute a major public health problem in Ethiopian ... more Background Nowadays diabetic comorbidities constitute a major public health problem in Ethiopian context. However, there is a dearth in epidemiology and risk factors of diabetic comorbidity in Ethiopia, particularly in the study setting. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated with concordant diabetic comorbidities among diabetic out-patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH), EasternEthiopia. Methodology A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing medical record charts of adult diabetic outpatients. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out by using STATA version 16.0. To measure the strength of association an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used. Moreover, variables with p-value ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant with the outcome variable. Results In this study, it is found that the overall prevalence of ...
Results: Unintended pregnancy was found to be 41.5%. The multivariable logistic regression reveal... more Results: Unintended pregnancy was found to be 41.5%. The multivariable logistic regression revealed that 35 and above age group (AOR; 2.343, 95% CI 1.374, 3.997), single marital status (AOR; 6.492, 95% CI 1.299, 32.455), parity of 2 (AOR; 53.419, 95% CI 21.453, 133.014), parity of 3 and above (AOR; 20.219, 95% CI 7.915, 51.655), having abortion history (AOR; 1.962, 95% CI 1.025, 3.755), having health professional visit (AOR; 2.004, 95% CI 1.218, 3.298) and having autonomy to use contraceptive method (AOR; 2.925, 95% CI 1.648, 5.190) were significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. Therefore, reproductive health advocacy, counseling and access of modern contraceptive methods are recommended.
Background Despite blood transfusion has been available for the past 200 years; there is still a ... more Background Despite blood transfusion has been available for the past 200 years; there is still a significant shortage of blood and blood products especially in low and middle income countries. In 2016 national blood demand of Ethiopia was estimated to be one million units per year, while only 17.4% (173,930) units of blood collected in the same year. Out of 25,400 units of blood requirement per year in West Hararghe, only 2750 units (10.8%) was collected in 2016 and 80% of these were from Civil servants. The aim of the study was to assess voluntary blood donation practice and associated factors among Chiro Town’s civil servants in 2018. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 383 civil servants selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using self-administer and pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between determinant factors and voluntary blood donation p...
Background: Blood donation has remained a challenge in developing countries, like Ethiopia. In Et... more Background: Blood donation has remained a challenge in developing countries, like Ethiopia. In Ethiopia there is a high reliance on family surrogate and waged blood donors which carries an attendant increased risk of transfusion transmissible infection. Health workers are expected to practice blood donation so as to create a good image to the public. A study on blood donation behavior may improve successful implementation of the blood donation programs. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was deployed from January to June 2015. An aggregate of 427 health workers were included in the study by using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using pre tested and structured questionnaire via self-administrated method. Descriptive and summary statistics were employed. Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were computed. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the level of significance. Results: A total of 427 participants were included in the final analysis (response rate = 100%). Among these participants, 33.2% of them practice blood donation. Age above 25 years [AOR = 1.8 (95% CI 1.1, 3.0)], health professionals' knowledge of blood donation [AOR = 1.9 (95% CI 1.1, 3.1)], health professionals' attitude towards blood donation [AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1. 8, 4.9)], and the presence of family members or relatives who received blood [AOR = 5.4, 95% CI 3.7, 8.7)] were significantly and independently associated with blood donation behavior of health professionals. Conclusions: Blood donation practice of health professionals in this study was found to be low as compared to other studies conducted in developing countries. Health professionals' knowledge, attitude, age and the presence of family members or relatives who received blood before were independently associated with blood donation practice. Thus, awareness has to be created for health professionals to improve blood donation practices.
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