Volume 3, Issue 6, November-December 2014 Page 75 Abstract The paper is presenting and evaluating... more Volume 3, Issue 6, November-December 2014 Page 75 Abstract The paper is presenting and evaluating the proposed methods used in LPR system against existing methods in order to justify the efficiency of proposed methods. These methods later may be used for the applications like traffic control; vehicle owner identification etc. This proposed approach split the LPR applications into three major categories: access control (AC), law enforcement (LE), and road patrol (RP). Each category is characterized by variables of different variation scopes. This proposed method consists of three modules for plate detection, character segmentation, and recognition. .In this paper an additional null class is introduced for improving character recognition rate.In this papar, this proposed solution will targeted the Indian datasets. In this paper the samples from India, from various locations, time, traffic, and weather condition. During the practical evaluation measure the performance of each module an...
The design of an E-uniform which provides better protection to the soldiers who are working in ex... more The design of an E-uniform which provides better protection to the soldiers who are working in extreme weather conditions.The uniform is operated in two modes,summer mode & winter mode . This project has an extension part which includes the interfacing of GSM,GPS & Health monitoring sensors, which gives the body parameter value & is also messaged to the concern person at the boundaries. Each soldier will have a GPS & GSM module & heartbeat sensor ,temperature sensor & blood pressure sensor which will tells the based headquarter about their position,pulse rate & temperature of the body. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150590
The paper presents the application of kaizen costing as a tool of positive changes and continuous... more The paper presents the application of kaizen costing as a tool of positive changes and continuous cost improvement. There is confusion between concepts ‘Kaizen’ and ‘Kaizen Costing’ in previous studies. The paper discusses that kaizen costing is the part of new business concept ‘Kaizen’ and this method is based on the philosophy of ‘Kaizen’ a new way of thinking. The paper also describes the main differences between kaizen costing and other similar term ‘Innovation’. The paper discusses that kaizen costing is used as a modern costing method for continuous cost improvement and this method is different from old cost control techniques standard costing.
In this paper I have represented a new method for detection and classification of signal defects ... more In this paper I have represented a new method for detection and classification of signal defects or disturbances. Before actual classification the database of signal is applied for wavelet transform. Two discrete wavelet transforms filters are used in the classification with feature extraction process. It improves the performance using pair of wavelet transform than single. For the classification of the signal disturbances I have used a support vector machine. For the computational purpose one can use binary decision tree is created and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is trained for every node of the tree. It can be implemented using binary as well as multiclass classification of SVM.
Directional features have been successfully used fo r the recognition of both machine printed as ... more Directional features have been successfully used fo r the recognition of both machine printed as well as h andwritten characters. Selection of feature extraction method is probably the single most important factor in achieving high perf ormance in pattern recognition. In this paper, twelve direction al features are used for the recognition of handwritten English alpha bets and numerals. The properties of similarity measure are analysed with directional pattern matching. Then the comparison is made between recognition rate of conventional and twelve d irectional feature extraction techniques. The experiment shows that directional feature extraction techniques are bette r than conventional one.
Background: As the prevalence of childhood mental health conditions varies by age and gender, we ... more Background: As the prevalence of childhood mental health conditions varies by age and gender, we explored whether there were similar variations in the relationship between psychopathology and exclusion from school in a prospective UK population-based birth cohort. Method: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children collected reports of exclusion at 8 years and 16 years. Mental health was assessed at repeated time points using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: Using adjusted linear mixed effects models, we detected a nonlinear interaction between exclusion and age related to poor mental health for boys [adjusted coefficient 1.13 (95% confidence interval 0.55-1.71)] excluded by age 8, but not for girls. The SDQ scores of boys who were excluded in primary school were higher than their peers from age 3, and increasingly diverged over time. As teenagers, these interactions appeared for both genders [boys' adjusted coefficient 0.18 (0.10-0.27); girls 0.29 (0.17-0.40)]. For teenage girls, exclusion by 16 was followed by deteriorating mental health. Family adversity predicted exclusion in all analyses. Conclusion: Prompt access to effective intervention for children in poor mental health may improve both mental health and access to education. Key Practitioner Message • Children who were subsequently excluded from school often faced family adversity and had poor mental health, which suggests the need for an interdisciplinary response and a multiagency approach. • Poor mental health may contribute to and result from exclusion from school, so both mental health and education practitioners have a key role to play. • Boys who enter school with poor mental health are at high risk of exclusion in primary school, which prompt assessment and intervention may prevent. • Both boys and girls who are excluded between the ages of 15 and 16 years may have poor, and in the case of girls, deteriorating, mental health.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014
Now days there are different methods are present for evaluation of features of images, but there ... more Now days there are different methods are present for evaluation of features of images, but there is no common effort developed for the comparison of the quality of image. We, in this paper are interested in quality evaluation of images so we are capturing the images from different cameras. The cameras we are using are of different configurations, specification and companies. The first work here is to capture the same scene with different cameras. While capturing the image, image can be affect by different types of distortion which we are discussing in this paper. The next step is to extract the special features of images. There are several features on the basis of which we can compare the quality of images. These features are contrast, luminance, edge base structure index, structural similarity(SSIM) etc. For advancement as we are extracting features of image and for quality improvement we are processing image with techniques for better result. Hence we can get the best quality imag...
The filling-in of missing region in an image, which is Called image inpainting. Image inpainting ... more The filling-in of missing region in an image, which is Called image inpainting. Image inpainting is a technique for removing undesired objects in images and reconstructing the missing regions in a visually plausible way. Recently various approaches have been proposed a large variety of examplar based image inpainting algorithms to restore the structure and texture of damaged images. In this paper we introduce a novel and efficient exemplar based Image Inpainting Algorithm with investigating the sparsity of natural image patches. Two crucial steps of patch propagation are used in the examplar-based inpainting approach. First, to measure the confidence of a patch located at the image structure (e.g., the edge or corner) structure sparsity is designed at patch level. Second, it is assumed that the patch to be filled by the sparse linear combination of candidate patches under the local patch consistency of sparse representation. The patch with larger structure sparsity will be assigned ...
The medical domain is improving day by day at an exponential rate. Thus constant monitoring of th... more The medical domain is improving day by day at an exponential rate. Thus constant monitoring of the patient’s vital body parameters will add to the advancement in the Medical Facilities available today. Currently, patient monitoring in most hospitals requires the doctor to personally examine each patient and keep a record of his health. This paper presents a method, Hospital Management System that can be used for examining the patients and maintaining their health records. It is based on a communication network with a Central Controller Unit. This Central Controller Unit wirelessly communicates with its Terminal Units. The system may comprise of multiple Terminal Units. The terminal units are used for data acquisition for a patient’s health information either by a user or automatically by some sensors. The Terminal Unit wirelessly sends this data to the Central Unit. The Central Unit receives this data and saves it in a database for all the patients. It also determines whether a pati...
Optical character recognition is a typical field of application of automatic classification metho... more Optical character recognition is a typical field of application of automatic classification methods. In this paper, we have introduced a whole new idea of recognition of isolated handwritten digits which is known to be a difficult task and still lacks a satisfactory technical solution. The present paper proposes a novel approach for recognition of handwritten digits i.e. neural network classification. Back propagation neural network is one of the simplest methods for training multilayer neural networks. In this paper, we designed a back propagated neural network and trained it with a set of handwritten digits. The average success rates of recognition of all digits are 91.2%.
It is highly desirable to develop efficient and cost-effective composite catalysts to replace nob... more It is highly desirable to develop efficient and cost-effective composite catalysts to replace noble metal Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). For an excellent HER catalyst, both the adsorption and desorption of intermediate H atoms on it should be easy. However, except metal platinum, most individual species cannot satisfy this requirement. Fe-B is an active HER catalyst with strong ability to adsorb H atoms. In our previous work, we found that when Fe-B alloy was decorated with metal Fe particles (Fe-B@Fe), the resultant composite displayed a significant synergic effect for HER compared to single Fe-B and Fe. The role of the decorated Fe on Fe-B is to improve H2 desorption. Because the desorption of H2 molecule from Ni is easier than from Fe, we expect Fe-B@Ni to be a more efficient HER catalyst than Fe-B@Fe. Herein, we transform Fe-B@Fe into Fe-B@Ni by a facile displacement reaction. As a proof of concept, the as-prepared Fe-B@Ni catalyst exhibits much higher electrocatalytic and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production than the pristine Fe-B@Fe. At the current density of -100 mA cm-2, the overpotential of Fe-B@Ni in 1.0 mol L-1 KOH is close to that of 20 wt% Pt/C. The highest apparent quantum yield (AQY) for dye-sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaches 51% at 420 nm. The possible mechanisms have been proposed. These findings provide new insights for designing and fabricating new HER composite catalysts for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
We describe a new automatic seepage meter for use in soft bottom streams and lakes. The meter uti... more We describe a new automatic seepage meter for use in soft bottom streams and lakes. The meter utilizes a thin-walled tube that is inserted into the streambed or lakebed. A hole in the side of the tube is fitted with an electric valve. Prior to the test, the valve is open and the water level inside the tube is the same as the water level outside the tube. The test starts with closure of the valve, and the water level inside the tube changes as it moves toward the equilibrium hydraulic head that exists at the bottom of the tube. The time rate of change of the water level immediately after the valve closes is a direct measure of the seepage rate (q). The meter utilizes a precision linear actuator and a conductance circuit to sense the water level to a precision of about ±0.1 mm. The meter can also provide an estimate of vertical hydraulic conductivity (K v) if data are collected for a characteristic time. The detection limit for q depends on the vertical hydraulic head gradient. For K v = 1 m/day, q of about 2 mm/day can be measured. Results from a laboratory sand tank show excellent agreement between measured and true q, and results from a field site are similar to values from calculations based on independent measurements of K v and vertical head gradients. The meter can provide rapid (30 min) q measurements for both gaining and losing systems and complements other methods for quantifying surface water groundwater interactions.
Let X be a connected space. For a map f: X-BO or f: X-BF, one can choose a filtration of f by res... more Let X be a connected space. For a map f: X-BO or f: X-BF, one can choose a filtration of f by restrictions FpX-BO(np) or FpX-BF(np), pull back the universal bundles or spherical fibrations, take Thom complexes, and so obtain a Thom spectrum Mf. These Thom spectra of maps were first introduced and studied by Barratt [unpublished] and Mahowald [10], [11]; their original work in this direction dates back to the early 1970's. A detailed analysis of this construction has recently been given by Lewis [2], [8]. Mf is independent of the choice of filtration and depends only on the homotopy class off. For f: X-BO, Mf is the same as M(jf), j: BO-BF. There is a Thom isomorphism under the evident orientability assumption. If X is an H-space and f is an H-map, then Mf admits a product Mf^Mf-Mf with two-sided unit (in the stable category). Here subtleties begin to enter. If X is homotopy associative, it need not follow that Mf is associative unless X and BO or BF admit associating homotopies compatible under f. However, the homology Thom isomorphism commutes with products and so the relevant homology algebras will be associative even if Mf is not. Lewis has determined the precise higher multiplicative structure present on Mf when X is an n-fold loop space and f is an n-fold loop map, but we shall not need anything so elaborate.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2018
A paired-watershed approach was used to compare the quality and fluxes of dissolved organic matte... more A paired-watershed approach was used to compare the quality and fluxes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during stormflow and baseflow in two lowland tropical rainforest streams located in northeastern Costa Rica. The Arboleda stream received regional groundwater (RGW) flow, whereas the Taconazo stream did not. DOM quality was assessed with absorbance and fluorescence and stable carbon isotope (δ 13 C-DOC) values. RGW DOM lacked detectable fluorescence and had specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVA 254) and absorbance slope ratio (S R) values consistent with low aromaticity and low molecular weight material, respectively. We attributed these properties to microbial degradation and sorption of humic DOM to mineral surfaces during transport through bedrock. SUVA 254 values were lower and S R values were higher in the Arboleda stream during baseflow compared to the Taconazo stream, presumably due to dilution by RGW. However, no significant difference in SUVA 254 or S R occurred between the streams during stormflow. SUVA 254 was negatively correlated to δ 13 C-DOC (r 2 = 0.61, P < 0.001), demonstrating a strong linkage between stream DOM characteristics and the relative amounts of RGW flow and local watershed runoff containing soil and throughfall C sources. Mean DOC export from the Taconazo stream during the study period was 2.62 ± 0.39 g C m À2 year À1 , consistent with other tropical streams, yet mean DOC export from the Arboleda stream was 13.79 ± 2.07 g C m À2 year À1 , one of the highest exports reported and demonstrating a substantial impact of old RGW from outside the watershed boundary can have on surface water carbon cycling. There are multiple sources of DOM to streams: soil organic matter, plant litter, in situ primary production,
L'exploration fonetionnelle pulmonaire, selon la technique de Tiffeneau, est .applicable 6 I'enfa... more L'exploration fonetionnelle pulmonaire, selon la technique de Tiffeneau, est .applicable 6 I'enfant & partir de 1'6ge de cinq ans. Cette m~thode permet-de poser un diagnostic de gravit& de I'asthme par la mesure de la sensibilit6 pulmonaire 6 I'ac&tylcholine-de d6terminer l'agent sp~cifique en cause et son seuil liminaire par les ~preuves ventilatoires aux diff6rents pneumaller-g~nes (poussi~re de maison, plume, squames d'animaux, moisissures). De cos deux ~preuyes spirom~triques on peut d6duire le degr6 d'allergie pulmonaire qui permet de poser un pronostic vis-6-vis du traitement. Des asthrnes latents et des acc&s infra-cliniques peuvent 6tre par ailleurs d~cel~s. La surveillance spirographique de la d~sensibilisation r~alis6e chez les malades observes a permis d'isoler trois types d'6volution : Type I: ~16vation isol~e du seuil des pneumallerg~nes.-Type I1: rel&vement isol~ du seuil cholinergique, qui a, chaque fois, coi'ndd~ avec une forte pouss6e staturo-pond~rale pr6-pubertaire.-Type II1: hausse simultan~e des deux seuils, correspondant probablement 6 la conjonction des effets favorables des deux types pr~c6dents. Coupl~e avec I'exploration allergique cutan~e, la spirographie est une m6thode fructueuse d'6tude de I'asthme infantile. M. P. BURTIN exprime une impression moins optimiste sur los modifications des tests ventilatoires apr~s traitements de d~sensibilisation : il n'a pas constat6 d'am6!ioration des seuils de r~aetion 6 I'ac~tylcholine ni aux pneumallerg~nes ; par contre, il a vu un abaissement des seuils malgr~ une am61ioration clinique au cours des traitements de d~sensibilisation. M m~ BRUNET rapporte son exp6rience, sur 40 explorations chez I'enfant, avec des r~sultats moins coh6rents que eeux du pr~sentateur. Les tests ventilatoires chez I'enfant se heurtent parfois 6 des difficult6s techniques qui en limitent la valeur. M. WOLFROMM, contrairement 6 ce que les auteurs ont constat6 chez I'enfant, n'a jamois observe, chez I'adu!te, d'~16vation du seuil de sensibi!it6 cholinergique. Premiers essais d'un nouveau d~riv6 de la ph~nothiazine dans le traitement de I'asthme infantile. Etude clinique et spirom~trique, m J. CHAPTAL r R. JEAN, H. BONNET, J. CI. JARRIGE, H, MALLET et R, TITAUT. L'action d'un nouveau d~riv~ de la ph~nothiazine (*), dou~ d'un puissant pouvoir ac~tylcholytique, a 6t6 ~tudi6e par spirom6trie chez des enfonts atteints d'osthme. (*) Bromure de m~thyl 1-pyrolidino 1-2 propionyl 10 ph~nothiazinc .... sp6cialisd sous le nora de Diaspasmyl (Laboratoires Diamant).
NATO initiated Operation DENY FLIGHT at the request of the UN Security Council in April of 1993, ... more NATO initiated Operation DENY FLIGHT at the request of the UN Security Council in April of 1993, in response to the ongoing war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Two and one half years later, in December of 1995, DENY FLIGHT officially ended after an almost continuous 970 day "aerial presence" constituting over 100,000 aircraft sorties. In that time, NATO aircraft dropped more than 3000 bombs while participating in combat operations for the first time in Alliance history. DENY FLIGHT's initial mission was to enforce a UN Security Council mandated "no-fly" zone over Bosnia. This mission expanded in the ensuing months to include Close Air Support, when requested, for UN Protection Forces on the ground, and to deter Serb aggression against six UN designated "safe areas." By August 1995, warring Croats,
Volume 3, Issue 6, November-December 2014 Page 75 Abstract The paper is presenting and evaluating... more Volume 3, Issue 6, November-December 2014 Page 75 Abstract The paper is presenting and evaluating the proposed methods used in LPR system against existing methods in order to justify the efficiency of proposed methods. These methods later may be used for the applications like traffic control; vehicle owner identification etc. This proposed approach split the LPR applications into three major categories: access control (AC), law enforcement (LE), and road patrol (RP). Each category is characterized by variables of different variation scopes. This proposed method consists of three modules for plate detection, character segmentation, and recognition. .In this paper an additional null class is introduced for improving character recognition rate.In this papar, this proposed solution will targeted the Indian datasets. In this paper the samples from India, from various locations, time, traffic, and weather condition. During the practical evaluation measure the performance of each module an...
The design of an E-uniform which provides better protection to the soldiers who are working in ex... more The design of an E-uniform which provides better protection to the soldiers who are working in extreme weather conditions.The uniform is operated in two modes,summer mode & winter mode . This project has an extension part which includes the interfacing of GSM,GPS & Health monitoring sensors, which gives the body parameter value & is also messaged to the concern person at the boundaries. Each soldier will have a GPS & GSM module & heartbeat sensor ,temperature sensor & blood pressure sensor which will tells the based headquarter about their position,pulse rate & temperature of the body. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150590
The paper presents the application of kaizen costing as a tool of positive changes and continuous... more The paper presents the application of kaizen costing as a tool of positive changes and continuous cost improvement. There is confusion between concepts ‘Kaizen’ and ‘Kaizen Costing’ in previous studies. The paper discusses that kaizen costing is the part of new business concept ‘Kaizen’ and this method is based on the philosophy of ‘Kaizen’ a new way of thinking. The paper also describes the main differences between kaizen costing and other similar term ‘Innovation’. The paper discusses that kaizen costing is used as a modern costing method for continuous cost improvement and this method is different from old cost control techniques standard costing.
In this paper I have represented a new method for detection and classification of signal defects ... more In this paper I have represented a new method for detection and classification of signal defects or disturbances. Before actual classification the database of signal is applied for wavelet transform. Two discrete wavelet transforms filters are used in the classification with feature extraction process. It improves the performance using pair of wavelet transform than single. For the classification of the signal disturbances I have used a support vector machine. For the computational purpose one can use binary decision tree is created and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is trained for every node of the tree. It can be implemented using binary as well as multiclass classification of SVM.
Directional features have been successfully used fo r the recognition of both machine printed as ... more Directional features have been successfully used fo r the recognition of both machine printed as well as h andwritten characters. Selection of feature extraction method is probably the single most important factor in achieving high perf ormance in pattern recognition. In this paper, twelve direction al features are used for the recognition of handwritten English alpha bets and numerals. The properties of similarity measure are analysed with directional pattern matching. Then the comparison is made between recognition rate of conventional and twelve d irectional feature extraction techniques. The experiment shows that directional feature extraction techniques are bette r than conventional one.
Background: As the prevalence of childhood mental health conditions varies by age and gender, we ... more Background: As the prevalence of childhood mental health conditions varies by age and gender, we explored whether there were similar variations in the relationship between psychopathology and exclusion from school in a prospective UK population-based birth cohort. Method: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children collected reports of exclusion at 8 years and 16 years. Mental health was assessed at repeated time points using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: Using adjusted linear mixed effects models, we detected a nonlinear interaction between exclusion and age related to poor mental health for boys [adjusted coefficient 1.13 (95% confidence interval 0.55-1.71)] excluded by age 8, but not for girls. The SDQ scores of boys who were excluded in primary school were higher than their peers from age 3, and increasingly diverged over time. As teenagers, these interactions appeared for both genders [boys' adjusted coefficient 0.18 (0.10-0.27); girls 0.29 (0.17-0.40)]. For teenage girls, exclusion by 16 was followed by deteriorating mental health. Family adversity predicted exclusion in all analyses. Conclusion: Prompt access to effective intervention for children in poor mental health may improve both mental health and access to education. Key Practitioner Message • Children who were subsequently excluded from school often faced family adversity and had poor mental health, which suggests the need for an interdisciplinary response and a multiagency approach. • Poor mental health may contribute to and result from exclusion from school, so both mental health and education practitioners have a key role to play. • Boys who enter school with poor mental health are at high risk of exclusion in primary school, which prompt assessment and intervention may prevent. • Both boys and girls who are excluded between the ages of 15 and 16 years may have poor, and in the case of girls, deteriorating, mental health.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2014
Now days there are different methods are present for evaluation of features of images, but there ... more Now days there are different methods are present for evaluation of features of images, but there is no common effort developed for the comparison of the quality of image. We, in this paper are interested in quality evaluation of images so we are capturing the images from different cameras. The cameras we are using are of different configurations, specification and companies. The first work here is to capture the same scene with different cameras. While capturing the image, image can be affect by different types of distortion which we are discussing in this paper. The next step is to extract the special features of images. There are several features on the basis of which we can compare the quality of images. These features are contrast, luminance, edge base structure index, structural similarity(SSIM) etc. For advancement as we are extracting features of image and for quality improvement we are processing image with techniques for better result. Hence we can get the best quality imag...
The filling-in of missing region in an image, which is Called image inpainting. Image inpainting ... more The filling-in of missing region in an image, which is Called image inpainting. Image inpainting is a technique for removing undesired objects in images and reconstructing the missing regions in a visually plausible way. Recently various approaches have been proposed a large variety of examplar based image inpainting algorithms to restore the structure and texture of damaged images. In this paper we introduce a novel and efficient exemplar based Image Inpainting Algorithm with investigating the sparsity of natural image patches. Two crucial steps of patch propagation are used in the examplar-based inpainting approach. First, to measure the confidence of a patch located at the image structure (e.g., the edge or corner) structure sparsity is designed at patch level. Second, it is assumed that the patch to be filled by the sparse linear combination of candidate patches under the local patch consistency of sparse representation. The patch with larger structure sparsity will be assigned ...
The medical domain is improving day by day at an exponential rate. Thus constant monitoring of th... more The medical domain is improving day by day at an exponential rate. Thus constant monitoring of the patient’s vital body parameters will add to the advancement in the Medical Facilities available today. Currently, patient monitoring in most hospitals requires the doctor to personally examine each patient and keep a record of his health. This paper presents a method, Hospital Management System that can be used for examining the patients and maintaining their health records. It is based on a communication network with a Central Controller Unit. This Central Controller Unit wirelessly communicates with its Terminal Units. The system may comprise of multiple Terminal Units. The terminal units are used for data acquisition for a patient’s health information either by a user or automatically by some sensors. The Terminal Unit wirelessly sends this data to the Central Unit. The Central Unit receives this data and saves it in a database for all the patients. It also determines whether a pati...
Optical character recognition is a typical field of application of automatic classification metho... more Optical character recognition is a typical field of application of automatic classification methods. In this paper, we have introduced a whole new idea of recognition of isolated handwritten digits which is known to be a difficult task and still lacks a satisfactory technical solution. The present paper proposes a novel approach for recognition of handwritten digits i.e. neural network classification. Back propagation neural network is one of the simplest methods for training multilayer neural networks. In this paper, we designed a back propagated neural network and trained it with a set of handwritten digits. The average success rates of recognition of all digits are 91.2%.
It is highly desirable to develop efficient and cost-effective composite catalysts to replace nob... more It is highly desirable to develop efficient and cost-effective composite catalysts to replace noble metal Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). For an excellent HER catalyst, both the adsorption and desorption of intermediate H atoms on it should be easy. However, except metal platinum, most individual species cannot satisfy this requirement. Fe-B is an active HER catalyst with strong ability to adsorb H atoms. In our previous work, we found that when Fe-B alloy was decorated with metal Fe particles (Fe-B@Fe), the resultant composite displayed a significant synergic effect for HER compared to single Fe-B and Fe. The role of the decorated Fe on Fe-B is to improve H2 desorption. Because the desorption of H2 molecule from Ni is easier than from Fe, we expect Fe-B@Ni to be a more efficient HER catalyst than Fe-B@Fe. Herein, we transform Fe-B@Fe into Fe-B@Ni by a facile displacement reaction. As a proof of concept, the as-prepared Fe-B@Ni catalyst exhibits much higher electrocatalytic and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production than the pristine Fe-B@Fe. At the current density of -100 mA cm-2, the overpotential of Fe-B@Ni in 1.0 mol L-1 KOH is close to that of 20 wt% Pt/C. The highest apparent quantum yield (AQY) for dye-sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaches 51% at 420 nm. The possible mechanisms have been proposed. These findings provide new insights for designing and fabricating new HER composite catalysts for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
We describe a new automatic seepage meter for use in soft bottom streams and lakes. The meter uti... more We describe a new automatic seepage meter for use in soft bottom streams and lakes. The meter utilizes a thin-walled tube that is inserted into the streambed or lakebed. A hole in the side of the tube is fitted with an electric valve. Prior to the test, the valve is open and the water level inside the tube is the same as the water level outside the tube. The test starts with closure of the valve, and the water level inside the tube changes as it moves toward the equilibrium hydraulic head that exists at the bottom of the tube. The time rate of change of the water level immediately after the valve closes is a direct measure of the seepage rate (q). The meter utilizes a precision linear actuator and a conductance circuit to sense the water level to a precision of about ±0.1 mm. The meter can also provide an estimate of vertical hydraulic conductivity (K v) if data are collected for a characteristic time. The detection limit for q depends on the vertical hydraulic head gradient. For K v = 1 m/day, q of about 2 mm/day can be measured. Results from a laboratory sand tank show excellent agreement between measured and true q, and results from a field site are similar to values from calculations based on independent measurements of K v and vertical head gradients. The meter can provide rapid (30 min) q measurements for both gaining and losing systems and complements other methods for quantifying surface water groundwater interactions.
Let X be a connected space. For a map f: X-BO or f: X-BF, one can choose a filtration of f by res... more Let X be a connected space. For a map f: X-BO or f: X-BF, one can choose a filtration of f by restrictions FpX-BO(np) or FpX-BF(np), pull back the universal bundles or spherical fibrations, take Thom complexes, and so obtain a Thom spectrum Mf. These Thom spectra of maps were first introduced and studied by Barratt [unpublished] and Mahowald [10], [11]; their original work in this direction dates back to the early 1970's. A detailed analysis of this construction has recently been given by Lewis [2], [8]. Mf is independent of the choice of filtration and depends only on the homotopy class off. For f: X-BO, Mf is the same as M(jf), j: BO-BF. There is a Thom isomorphism under the evident orientability assumption. If X is an H-space and f is an H-map, then Mf admits a product Mf^Mf-Mf with two-sided unit (in the stable category). Here subtleties begin to enter. If X is homotopy associative, it need not follow that Mf is associative unless X and BO or BF admit associating homotopies compatible under f. However, the homology Thom isomorphism commutes with products and so the relevant homology algebras will be associative even if Mf is not. Lewis has determined the precise higher multiplicative structure present on Mf when X is an n-fold loop space and f is an n-fold loop map, but we shall not need anything so elaborate.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2018
A paired-watershed approach was used to compare the quality and fluxes of dissolved organic matte... more A paired-watershed approach was used to compare the quality and fluxes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during stormflow and baseflow in two lowland tropical rainforest streams located in northeastern Costa Rica. The Arboleda stream received regional groundwater (RGW) flow, whereas the Taconazo stream did not. DOM quality was assessed with absorbance and fluorescence and stable carbon isotope (δ 13 C-DOC) values. RGW DOM lacked detectable fluorescence and had specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVA 254) and absorbance slope ratio (S R) values consistent with low aromaticity and low molecular weight material, respectively. We attributed these properties to microbial degradation and sorption of humic DOM to mineral surfaces during transport through bedrock. SUVA 254 values were lower and S R values were higher in the Arboleda stream during baseflow compared to the Taconazo stream, presumably due to dilution by RGW. However, no significant difference in SUVA 254 or S R occurred between the streams during stormflow. SUVA 254 was negatively correlated to δ 13 C-DOC (r 2 = 0.61, P < 0.001), demonstrating a strong linkage between stream DOM characteristics and the relative amounts of RGW flow and local watershed runoff containing soil and throughfall C sources. Mean DOC export from the Taconazo stream during the study period was 2.62 ± 0.39 g C m À2 year À1 , consistent with other tropical streams, yet mean DOC export from the Arboleda stream was 13.79 ± 2.07 g C m À2 year À1 , one of the highest exports reported and demonstrating a substantial impact of old RGW from outside the watershed boundary can have on surface water carbon cycling. There are multiple sources of DOM to streams: soil organic matter, plant litter, in situ primary production,
L'exploration fonetionnelle pulmonaire, selon la technique de Tiffeneau, est .applicable 6 I'enfa... more L'exploration fonetionnelle pulmonaire, selon la technique de Tiffeneau, est .applicable 6 I'enfant & partir de 1'6ge de cinq ans. Cette m~thode permet-de poser un diagnostic de gravit& de I'asthme par la mesure de la sensibilit6 pulmonaire 6 I'ac&tylcholine-de d6terminer l'agent sp~cifique en cause et son seuil liminaire par les ~preuves ventilatoires aux diff6rents pneumaller-g~nes (poussi~re de maison, plume, squames d'animaux, moisissures). De cos deux ~preuyes spirom~triques on peut d6duire le degr6 d'allergie pulmonaire qui permet de poser un pronostic vis-6-vis du traitement. Des asthrnes latents et des acc&s infra-cliniques peuvent 6tre par ailleurs d~cel~s. La surveillance spirographique de la d~sensibilisation r~alis6e chez les malades observes a permis d'isoler trois types d'6volution : Type I: ~16vation isol~e du seuil des pneumallerg~nes.-Type I1: rel&vement isol~ du seuil cholinergique, qui a, chaque fois, coi'ndd~ avec une forte pouss6e staturo-pond~rale pr6-pubertaire.-Type II1: hausse simultan~e des deux seuils, correspondant probablement 6 la conjonction des effets favorables des deux types pr~c6dents. Coupl~e avec I'exploration allergique cutan~e, la spirographie est une m6thode fructueuse d'6tude de I'asthme infantile. M. P. BURTIN exprime une impression moins optimiste sur los modifications des tests ventilatoires apr~s traitements de d~sensibilisation : il n'a pas constat6 d'am6!ioration des seuils de r~aetion 6 I'ac~tylcholine ni aux pneumallerg~nes ; par contre, il a vu un abaissement des seuils malgr~ une am61ioration clinique au cours des traitements de d~sensibilisation. M m~ BRUNET rapporte son exp6rience, sur 40 explorations chez I'enfant, avec des r~sultats moins coh6rents que eeux du pr~sentateur. Les tests ventilatoires chez I'enfant se heurtent parfois 6 des difficult6s techniques qui en limitent la valeur. M. WOLFROMM, contrairement 6 ce que les auteurs ont constat6 chez I'enfant, n'a jamois observe, chez I'adu!te, d'~16vation du seuil de sensibi!it6 cholinergique. Premiers essais d'un nouveau d~riv6 de la ph~nothiazine dans le traitement de I'asthme infantile. Etude clinique et spirom~trique, m J. CHAPTAL r R. JEAN, H. BONNET, J. CI. JARRIGE, H, MALLET et R, TITAUT. L'action d'un nouveau d~riv~ de la ph~nothiazine (*), dou~ d'un puissant pouvoir ac~tylcholytique, a 6t6 ~tudi6e par spirom6trie chez des enfonts atteints d'osthme. (*) Bromure de m~thyl 1-pyrolidino 1-2 propionyl 10 ph~nothiazinc .... sp6cialisd sous le nora de Diaspasmyl (Laboratoires Diamant).
NATO initiated Operation DENY FLIGHT at the request of the UN Security Council in April of 1993, ... more NATO initiated Operation DENY FLIGHT at the request of the UN Security Council in April of 1993, in response to the ongoing war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Two and one half years later, in December of 1995, DENY FLIGHT officially ended after an almost continuous 970 day "aerial presence" constituting over 100,000 aircraft sorties. In that time, NATO aircraft dropped more than 3000 bombs while participating in combat operations for the first time in Alliance history. DENY FLIGHT's initial mission was to enforce a UN Security Council mandated "no-fly" zone over Bosnia. This mission expanded in the ensuing months to include Close Air Support, when requested, for UN Protection Forces on the ground, and to deter Serb aggression against six UN designated "safe areas." By August 1995, warring Croats,
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