Dural ectasia is widening or ballooning of the dural sac surrounding the spinal cord. This usuall... more Dural ectasia is widening or ballooning of the dural sac surrounding the spinal cord. This usually occurs in the lumbosacral region, as this is where the cerebrospinal fluid pressure is greatest, but the spinal canal can be affected in any plane. Case courtesy of Dr Franco Ruales, Radiopaedia.org. From the case rID: 16114 Most common symptoms include low back pain, headaches, weakness, numbness above and below the involved limb, leg pain, and sometimes there can be rectal and genital pain. Bowel and bladder dysfunction, urinary retention or even incontinence may occur. The symptoms are usually exacerbated by upright posture and often but not always relieved by lying down. However, in many patients it is asymptomatic.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2014
Software cost estimation is one of the most challenging tasks in software engineering. Over the p... more Software cost estimation is one of the most challenging tasks in software engineering. Over the past years the estimators have used parametric cost estimation models to establish software cost, however the challenges to accurate cost estimation keep evolving with the advancing technology. A detailed review of various cost estimation methods developed so far is presented in this paper. Planned effort and actual effort has been comparison in detail through applying on NASA projects. This paper uses Back-Propagation neural networks for software cost estimation. A model based on Neural Network has been proposed that takes KLOC of the project as input, uses COCOMO model parameters and gives effort as output. Artificial Neural Network represents a complex set of relationship between the effort and the cost drivers and is a potential tool for estimation. The proposed model automates the software cost estimation task and helps project manager to provide fast and realistic estimate for the project effort and development time that in turn gives software cost.
Dural ectasia is widening or ballooning of the dural sac surrounding the spinal cord. This usuall... more Dural ectasia is widening or ballooning of the dural sac surrounding the spinal cord. This usually occurs in the lumbosacral region, as this is where the cerebrospinal fluid pressure is greatest, but the spinal canal can be affected in any plane. Case courtesy of Dr Franco Ruales, Radiopaedia.org. From the case rID: 16114 Most common symptoms include low back pain, headaches, weakness, numbness above and below the involved limb, leg pain, and sometimes there can be rectal and genital pain. Bowel and bladder dysfunction, urinary retention or even incontinence may occur. The symptoms are usually exacerbated by upright posture and often but not always relieved by lying down. However, in many patients it is asymptomatic.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2014
Software cost estimation is one of the most challenging tasks in software engineering. Over the p... more Software cost estimation is one of the most challenging tasks in software engineering. Over the past years the estimators have used parametric cost estimation models to establish software cost, however the challenges to accurate cost estimation keep evolving with the advancing technology. A detailed review of various cost estimation methods developed so far is presented in this paper. Planned effort and actual effort has been comparison in detail through applying on NASA projects. This paper uses Back-Propagation neural networks for software cost estimation. A model based on Neural Network has been proposed that takes KLOC of the project as input, uses COCOMO model parameters and gives effort as output. Artificial Neural Network represents a complex set of relationship between the effort and the cost drivers and is a potential tool for estimation. The proposed model automates the software cost estimation task and helps project manager to provide fast and realistic estimate for the project effort and development time that in turn gives software cost.
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Papers by Gaurav Kumar