ABSTRACT The study of the social and interindividual relationships associated with the use of the... more ABSTRACT The study of the social and interindividual relationships associated with the use of the psychoactive products, frequently leads to the idea of an initiation which would fail to establish a social link. This paper reconsiders this hypothesis. For this purpose, we use the principal models in anthropology and sociology and analyze the symbolic and imaginary functions of the ritual (sacred or layman) to show all its importance within the framework of drug-addiction. The effects of drugs, as vehicles of excess, lead to the finding of an already existing Real in the human kind. In our clinical experience with drug addicts, initiation with drugs would aim, by a process of domestication that is usually compulsive and erratic, the symbolic and imaginary articulation of this Real, but also the search of a transformation in the relationship with the social Other.
Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, 2007
ABSTRACT In modern societies, school difficulties that some children or adolescents encounte, con... more ABSTRACT In modern societies, school difficulties that some children or adolescents encounte, constitute a frequent reason for consultation in medicine, psychiatry or psychology. About school refusal, in the epidemiologic plan, an important issue is to know what are factors of worsening risk: recurrence of the pathological interactions within the family framework, lower school achievement, even failure in learning, possible marginalisation opposite others pupils and, finally, development of others troubles (delinquency or addictive behaviours, conduct disorders). Through results of a preliminary investigation carried out general practitioners in France, the authors engage a general reflection on the difficulties of diagnosis as therapeutic strategies adopted on currently.
Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental, 2008
Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Askofaré, S.; Gaspard... more Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Askofaré, S.; Gaspard, J.-L.; Macary-Garipuy, P.; Sauret, M.-J.
Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, 2014
ABSTRACT Background The practices of body marking are today a current phenomenon found in all soc... more ABSTRACT Background The practices of body marking are today a current phenomenon found in all social strata, with broad inclusion in all age groups. Motivations are usually associated with an aesthetic approach, a search for identity or an interest in body art. In the field of psychopathology, these references, however, are insufficient to understand the “hidden face” of these body experiments. Indeed, many young people are looking for compulsive and low fantasized experiences of pain. When the image also plays a key role in contemporary processes of subjectivation as to allow a positive inclusion in the social link. Methods This article gives an account of the first results of an international research about the tattoos and scarifications in modernity. It allows a new apprehension of the singular functions that the body mark fulfils in the psychic economy for a population of adolescents and young adults who attend conventions and places of body art or also met in care centers. In a psychodynamic orientation, the impact of these modes of body practices on subjectivity is studied with reference to different structures of personality (including borderline personality disorder). In a context where using scales or tests were not possible, we chose to study the “subjective position” (relation with the body, the family system, the sexuality, the law and finally with the consumer society). Three methods of data collection were chosen to correspond to specific objectives: questionnaire (quantitative analysis), research interview (qualitative analysis), extensive research from an online questionnaire (French, Spanish, Portuguese) and blogs on the Internet. Results In three presentations of cases, this article shows how the uses of body can be the support of a deep “work on oneself” and lead to a subjective solution for some teenagers or young grown ups. Marking the body cannot be reduced to the function of representation or distinction but can also help to integrate some conflicting elements, to restore a psychic homeostasis and to open the possibility of secondary elaborations. It may well have the function to crystallize and register an event or a turning point in personal life. Discussions This article refutes negative and pathological studies of these body experiments. Above all, the specific use of the body may, in certain circumstances, allow a change of the “subjective position” (relation with the body, the pain, the family system, the sexuality, the law and finally with the consumer society). As part of psychosis or borderline personality disorder, the experience can lead to a deep psychic redevelopment and change bodily perceptions, especially when the body is paradoxically useful for personal limit (subject/social). That is why, nowadays, many young people invest different forms of marking the body, transforming this one into a privileged surface for insignia of the self. Therefore, this contribution is an essential complement to the present psychological and sociological approaches.
It is with great pleasure that I dedicate this thesis to the five people who have touched my life... more It is with great pleasure that I dedicate this thesis to the five people who have touched my life in so many wonderful ways, my husband Larry, my daughters Katie, Alyssa, and Lauren, and my mother-in-law Mary.
ABSTRACT The study of the social and interindividual relationships associated with the use of the... more ABSTRACT The study of the social and interindividual relationships associated with the use of the psychoactive products, frequently leads to the idea of an initiation which would fail to establish a social link. This paper reconsiders this hypothesis. For this purpose, we use the principal models in anthropology and sociology and analyze the symbolic and imaginary functions of the ritual (sacred or layman) to show all its importance within the framework of drug-addiction. The effects of drugs, as vehicles of excess, lead to the finding of an already existing Real in the human kind. In our clinical experience with drug addicts, initiation with drugs would aim, by a process of domestication that is usually compulsive and erratic, the symbolic and imaginary articulation of this Real, but also the search of a transformation in the relationship with the social Other.
Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, 2007
ABSTRACT In modern societies, school difficulties that some children or adolescents encounte, con... more ABSTRACT In modern societies, school difficulties that some children or adolescents encounte, constitute a frequent reason for consultation in medicine, psychiatry or psychology. About school refusal, in the epidemiologic plan, an important issue is to know what are factors of worsening risk: recurrence of the pathological interactions within the family framework, lower school achievement, even failure in learning, possible marginalisation opposite others pupils and, finally, development of others troubles (delinquency or addictive behaviours, conduct disorders). Through results of a preliminary investigation carried out general practitioners in France, the authors engage a general reflection on the difficulties of diagnosis as therapeutic strategies adopted on currently.
Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental, 2008
Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Askofaré, S.; Gaspard... more Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Askofaré, S.; Gaspard, J.-L.; Macary-Garipuy, P.; Sauret, M.-J.
Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, 2014
ABSTRACT Background The practices of body marking are today a current phenomenon found in all soc... more ABSTRACT Background The practices of body marking are today a current phenomenon found in all social strata, with broad inclusion in all age groups. Motivations are usually associated with an aesthetic approach, a search for identity or an interest in body art. In the field of psychopathology, these references, however, are insufficient to understand the “hidden face” of these body experiments. Indeed, many young people are looking for compulsive and low fantasized experiences of pain. When the image also plays a key role in contemporary processes of subjectivation as to allow a positive inclusion in the social link. Methods This article gives an account of the first results of an international research about the tattoos and scarifications in modernity. It allows a new apprehension of the singular functions that the body mark fulfils in the psychic economy for a population of adolescents and young adults who attend conventions and places of body art or also met in care centers. In a psychodynamic orientation, the impact of these modes of body practices on subjectivity is studied with reference to different structures of personality (including borderline personality disorder). In a context where using scales or tests were not possible, we chose to study the “subjective position” (relation with the body, the family system, the sexuality, the law and finally with the consumer society). Three methods of data collection were chosen to correspond to specific objectives: questionnaire (quantitative analysis), research interview (qualitative analysis), extensive research from an online questionnaire (French, Spanish, Portuguese) and blogs on the Internet. Results In three presentations of cases, this article shows how the uses of body can be the support of a deep “work on oneself” and lead to a subjective solution for some teenagers or young grown ups. Marking the body cannot be reduced to the function of representation or distinction but can also help to integrate some conflicting elements, to restore a psychic homeostasis and to open the possibility of secondary elaborations. It may well have the function to crystallize and register an event or a turning point in personal life. Discussions This article refutes negative and pathological studies of these body experiments. Above all, the specific use of the body may, in certain circumstances, allow a change of the “subjective position” (relation with the body, the pain, the family system, the sexuality, the law and finally with the consumer society). As part of psychosis or borderline personality disorder, the experience can lead to a deep psychic redevelopment and change bodily perceptions, especially when the body is paradoxically useful for personal limit (subject/social). That is why, nowadays, many young people invest different forms of marking the body, transforming this one into a privileged surface for insignia of the self. Therefore, this contribution is an essential complement to the present psychological and sociological approaches.
It is with great pleasure that I dedicate this thesis to the five people who have touched my life... more It is with great pleasure that I dedicate this thesis to the five people who have touched my life in so many wonderful ways, my husband Larry, my daughters Katie, Alyssa, and Lauren, and my mother-in-law Mary.
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Papers by J. Gaspard