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G. Tre

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University of Zagreb

University College Cork

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

University of Trento

Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID), Geneva

Dr. J. M. Ashfaque (MInstP)

Independent Researcher

New Mexico State University

The University Of Jordan

Yildiz Technical University

Tomasz Szemberg

University of the National Education Commission in Krakow

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Papers by G. Tre

A Flexible Architecture for Context-Aware Physical Hypermedia

18th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2007), 2007

In this paper we present the rationale and the main components for a modular and extensible archi... more In this paper we present the rationale and the main components for a modular and extensible architecture for building and deploying physical hypermedia software. We show that this kind of software systems poses strong requirements on supporting software (such as Web browsers) because they involve complex context-aware navigation semantics. By using some simple archetypical examples we also show how to provide context-aware assistance to the mobile user, as he explores the physical world.

Using bipolar satisfaction degrees in fuzzy querying

Dealing with Missing Information in Linguistic Summarization: A Bipolar Approach

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015

ABSTRACT Linguistic summaries of databases provide quick insight in the stored data and are impor... more ABSTRACT Linguistic summaries of databases provide quick insight in the stored data and are important facilities for understanding and grasping the meaning of large data collections. This is especially relevant in the context of big data. However, large data collections often suffer from incomplete data, which are in the case of relational databases modelled by so-called null-values. In this paper we propose a novel soft computing technique for measuring the quality of a linguistic summary in the case of missing information. More specifically we describe and illustrate how bipolar satisfaction degrees can be used to model both the validity of the summary and the hesitation about this validity that might be caused due to missing information. The extra information about the hesitation provides the users with a semantically richer description of the summarization results, which is important in view of a correct interpretation.

Dynamical construction of binary relations in coreference detection

2012 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS), 2012

ABSTRACT Modern database systems allow to describe information from the real world in a well stru... more ABSTRACT Modern database systems allow to describe information from the real world in a well structured manner. Unfortunately, many databases cope with quality problems. One of these problems is the existence of coreferent data, which means that the same real world entity is described multiple times within one database. Due to errors, inaccuracies and lack of standardization, coreferent data are not bound to be equal, which makes the finding of coreferent data a challenging topic. In this paper, we contribute to the field of coreference detection by proposing an automated and dynamical method for the construction of a binary relation R that models semantical knowledge between attribute values. The advantages of the proposed method are two folded: no effort must be put in construction of knowledge bases and mismatches between the database and the knowledge base are avoided.

Remarks on Various Aspects of Bipolarity in Database Querying

2010 Workshops on Database and Expert Systems Applications, 2010

ABSTRACT An ability to account for positive and negative information in the representation of use... more ABSTRACT An ability to account for positive and negative information in the representation of user preferences and intentions is an important facility that can enhance the functionality and usefulness of flexible database querying systems. This is in line with a growing interest in preference modeling. Bipolarity, as a formal representation of positive and negative information, is one of crucial factors in this context. We critically discuss various aspects of bipolarity in the context of database querying. It should help view various approaches and models to dealing with bipolarity in a proper perspective and clarify conceptual and implementational differences between them, and should open new perspectives for research and commercial applications with more comprehensive, enhanced querying capabilities.

Coreference detection in an XML schema

Information Sciences, 2015

Preserving data quality is an important issue in data collection management. One of the crucial i... more Preserving data quality is an important issue in data collection management. One of the crucial issues hereby is the detection of duplicate objects (called coreferent objects) which describe the same entity, but in different ways. In this paper we present a method for detecting coreferent objects in metadata, in particular in XML schemas. Our approach consists in comparing the paths from a root element to a given element in the schema. Each path precisely defines the context and location of a specific element in the schema. Path matching is based on the comparison of the different steps of which paths are composed. The uncertainty about the matching of steps is expressed with possibilistic truth values and aggregated using the Sugeno integral. The discovered coreference of paths can help for establishing a mapping between two different XML schemas. In other words, a novel approach for schema matching problem based on paths comparison only is proposed.

Inner and outer bipolarity in database querying

2014 IEEE Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century (21CW), 2014

ABSTRACT Recently a new line of research on database querying has been triggered by the observati... more ABSTRACT Recently a new line of research on database querying has been triggered by the observation that humans usually express their preferences using both positive and negative statements. This results in semantically richer bipolar queries consisting of conditions of the two types, where conditions of the former type express satisfactory or desired properties of data sought, while conditions of the latter type are used to express properties the user finds unsatisfactory or ineligible. We present a novel framework for evaluating bipolar queries - a technique that allows for a proper representation of hesitation and conflicts together with modeling needs and wishes of the user, where bipolar satisfaction degrees are implemented to model hesitation and conflicts, and possibilisic interpretation of “and possibly” operator is implemented to model user&#39;s needs and wishes. Furthermore, simple, but illustrative, examples of application of the introduced framework are presented and its properties with regard to various interpretations of implication implemented in the “and possibly” operator are studied.

Fuzzy logic and soft computing in processing of imperfect information

Dealing with Positive and Negative Query Criteria in Fuzzy Database Querying

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009

When expressing their information needs in a (database) query, users sometimes prefer to state wh... more When expressing their information needs in a (database) query, users sometimes prefer to state what has to be rejected rather than what has to be accepted. In general, what has to be rejected is not necessarily the complement of what has to be accepted. This phenomenon is commonly known as the heterogeneous bipolar nature of expressing information needs. Satisfaction degrees

A Concept of Bipolar Queries in Textual Information Retrieval

2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2009

... q = qC ∧p qP (1) where qC and qP are subqueries assumed to be regular Boolean queries. ... Th... more

Bipolar database querying using bipolar satisfaction degrees

International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 2011

When expressing their information needs in a (database) query, users sometimes prefer to state wh... more When expressing their information needs in a (database) query, users sometimes prefer to state what has to be rejected rather than what has to be accepted. In general, what has to be rejected is not necessarily the complement of what has to be accepted. This phenomenon is commonly known as the heterogeneous bipolar nature of expressing information needs. Satisfaction degrees in regular fuzzy querying approaches are based on the "symmetric" assumption that the extent to which a database record, respectively, satisfies and does not satisfy a given query are complements of each other and are therefore less suited to adequately handle heterogeneous bipolarity in query specifications and query processing. In this paper, we present a bipolar query satisfaction modeling framework which is based on pairs that consist of an independent degree of satisfaction and degree of dissatisfaction. The use and advantages of the framework are illustrated in the context of fuzzy query evaluation in regular relational databases. More specifically, the evaluation of heterogeneous bipolar queries that contain both positive, negative, and bipolar criteria is studied.

Bipolar queries in textual information retrieval: A new perspective

Information Processing & Management, 2012

ABSTRACT A new concept of a bipolar query against collections of textual documents, i.e. in the c... more ABSTRACT A new concept of a bipolar query against collections of textual documents, i.e. in the context of information retrieval (IR), is introduced using recent developments in bipolar information modeling and bipolar database queries. Specifically, a particular approach to bipolar queries with an explicit “and possibly” type of an aggregation operator is used. An effective and efficient processing of such bipolar queries using standard IR data structures is briefly discussed. The bipolar queries proposed combine a flexibility provided by fuzzy logic with a more sophisticated representation of user preferences and intentions. This combination can make the search of vast resources of textual document, notably those available via the Internet, more intelligent.

On modeling bipolarity of preferences in data querying

Developments in flexible database querying

Current issues in data and knowledge engineering

Building a 4D Voxel-Based Decision Support System for a Sustainable Management of Marine Geological Resources

Oceanographic and Marine Cross-Domain Data Management for Sustainable Development

For sustainable management of marine geological resources, a geological knowledge base is being b... more For sustainable management of marine geological resources, a geological knowledge base is being built for the Belgian and southern Netherlands part of the North Sea. Voxel models of the subsurface are used for predictions on sand and gravel quantities and qualities, to ensure long-term resource use. The voxels are filled with geological data from boreholes and seismic lines, but other information can be added also. The geology provides boundary conditions needed to run environmental impact models that calculate resource depletion and regeneration under various scenarios of aggregate extraction. Such analyses are important in monitoring progress towards good environmental status, as outlined in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. By including uncertainty, data products can be generated with confidence limits, which is critical for assessing the significance of changes in the habitat or in any other resource-relevant parameter. All of the information is integrated into a cross-do...

Bipolarity and Multipolarity in Aggregation Structures

Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, 2016

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in handling (heterogeneous) bipolarity in ... more In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in handling (heterogeneous) bipolarity in order to deal more adequately with user preferences in information management. Different approaches have been presented. With respect to criteria specification in either flexible database querying or decision support, a main distinction can be made between bipolarity that is specified inside a single criterion and bipolarity that is specified among multiple criteria. Consider criteria that are defined over the values of a given domain. With bipolarity inside a criterion specification, a user might for example state which domain values she likes (positive pole) and which domain values she doesn't like (negative pole). Herewith, both poles do not have to be the complement of each other. With bipolarity among multiple criteria, in general two poles of criteria are given different semantics and handled in a different way. In this paper we survey different forms of bipolarity among multiple criteria from the standpoint of aggregation and try to classify them into two groups: bipolarity based on positive (desirable) and negative (undesirable) criteria and bipolarity based on nonuniform inputdependent annihilators. Moreover, we present canonical forms of aggregators of the two groups.

LSP based comparison of 3D ear models

2014 IEEE Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century (21CW), 2014

Ear biometric authentication is considered to be an important aspect of human identification and ... more Ear biometric authentication is considered to be an important aspect of human identification and is, among other techniques, used in victim identification for practical reasons. State-of-the-art techniques transform 2D ear photos to 3D ear models to adequately cope with geometrical and photometric normalisation issues. From each 3D ear model a feature list is extracted and used in the comparison process. In this paper we study how automated comparison of 3D ear models can be improved by soft computing techniques. More specifically we investigate and illustrate how multiple-criteria decision support techniques, which are based on fuzzy set theory, can be used for fine-tuning the ear comparison process. Point-to-point matching schemes are enriched with Logic Scoring of Preference (LSP) multiple-criteria decision support facilities. In this way valuable knowledge of forensic experts on ear identification aspects can be incorporated in the comparison process. The benefits and added value of the approach are discussed and demonstrated by an illustrative example.

Semantical mapping of attribute values for data integration

2014 IEEE Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century (21CW), 2014

Nowadays the amount of data is increasing very fast. Moreover, useful information is scattered ov... more Nowadays the amount of data is increasing very fast. Moreover, useful information is scattered over multiple sources. Therefore, automatic data integration that guarantees high data quality is extremely important. One of the crucial operations in integration of information from independent databases is detection of different representations of the same piece of information (called coreferent data) and translation of the representation of data from one source into the representation of the other source. That translation is also known as object mapping. In this paper, we investigate automatic mapping methods for attributes the values of which may need semantical comparison and can be sorted by means of an order relation that reflects a notion of generality. These mapping methods are investigated closely in terms of their effectiveness. An experimental evaluation of our method shows that using different mapping methods can enlarge a set of true positive mappings.

Coreference detection in XML metadata

2013 Joint IFSA World Congress and NAFIPS Annual Meeting (IFSA/NAFIPS), 2013

Preserving data quality is an important issue in data collection management. One of the crucial i... more Preserving data quality is an important issue in data collection management. One of the crucial issues hereby is the detection of duplicate objects (called coreferent objects) which describe the same entity, but in different ways. In this paper we present a method for detecting coreferent objects in metadata, in particular in XML schemas. Our approach consists in comparing the paths from a root element to a given element in the schema. Each path precisely defines the context and location of a specific element in the schema. Path matching is based on the comparison of the different steps of which paths are composed. The uncertainty about the matching of steps is expressed with possibilistic truth values and aggregated using the Sugeno integral. The discovered coreference of paths can help for determining the coreference of different XML schemas.

A Flexible Architecture for Context-Aware Physical Hypermedia

18th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2007), 2007

In this paper we present the rationale and the main components for a modular and extensible archi... more In this paper we present the rationale and the main components for a modular and extensible architecture for building and deploying physical hypermedia software. We show that this kind of software systems poses strong requirements on supporting software (such as Web browsers) because they involve complex context-aware navigation semantics. By using some simple archetypical examples we also show how to provide context-aware assistance to the mobile user, as he explores the physical world.

Using bipolar satisfaction degrees in fuzzy querying

Dealing with Missing Information in Linguistic Summarization: A Bipolar Approach

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015

ABSTRACT Linguistic summaries of databases provide quick insight in the stored data and are impor... more ABSTRACT Linguistic summaries of databases provide quick insight in the stored data and are important facilities for understanding and grasping the meaning of large data collections. This is especially relevant in the context of big data. However, large data collections often suffer from incomplete data, which are in the case of relational databases modelled by so-called null-values. In this paper we propose a novel soft computing technique for measuring the quality of a linguistic summary in the case of missing information. More specifically we describe and illustrate how bipolar satisfaction degrees can be used to model both the validity of the summary and the hesitation about this validity that might be caused due to missing information. The extra information about the hesitation provides the users with a semantically richer description of the summarization results, which is important in view of a correct interpretation.

Dynamical construction of binary relations in coreference detection

2012 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS), 2012

ABSTRACT Modern database systems allow to describe information from the real world in a well stru... more ABSTRACT Modern database systems allow to describe information from the real world in a well structured manner. Unfortunately, many databases cope with quality problems. One of these problems is the existence of coreferent data, which means that the same real world entity is described multiple times within one database. Due to errors, inaccuracies and lack of standardization, coreferent data are not bound to be equal, which makes the finding of coreferent data a challenging topic. In this paper, we contribute to the field of coreference detection by proposing an automated and dynamical method for the construction of a binary relation R that models semantical knowledge between attribute values. The advantages of the proposed method are two folded: no effort must be put in construction of knowledge bases and mismatches between the database and the knowledge base are avoided.

Remarks on Various Aspects of Bipolarity in Database Querying

2010 Workshops on Database and Expert Systems Applications, 2010

ABSTRACT An ability to account for positive and negative information in the representation of use... more ABSTRACT An ability to account for positive and negative information in the representation of user preferences and intentions is an important facility that can enhance the functionality and usefulness of flexible database querying systems. This is in line with a growing interest in preference modeling. Bipolarity, as a formal representation of positive and negative information, is one of crucial factors in this context. We critically discuss various aspects of bipolarity in the context of database querying. It should help view various approaches and models to dealing with bipolarity in a proper perspective and clarify conceptual and implementational differences between them, and should open new perspectives for research and commercial applications with more comprehensive, enhanced querying capabilities.

Coreference detection in an XML schema

Information Sciences, 2015

Preserving data quality is an important issue in data collection management. One of the crucial i... more Preserving data quality is an important issue in data collection management. One of the crucial issues hereby is the detection of duplicate objects (called coreferent objects) which describe the same entity, but in different ways. In this paper we present a method for detecting coreferent objects in metadata, in particular in XML schemas. Our approach consists in comparing the paths from a root element to a given element in the schema. Each path precisely defines the context and location of a specific element in the schema. Path matching is based on the comparison of the different steps of which paths are composed. The uncertainty about the matching of steps is expressed with possibilistic truth values and aggregated using the Sugeno integral. The discovered coreference of paths can help for establishing a mapping between two different XML schemas. In other words, a novel approach for schema matching problem based on paths comparison only is proposed.

Inner and outer bipolarity in database querying

2014 IEEE Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century (21CW), 2014

ABSTRACT Recently a new line of research on database querying has been triggered by the observati... more ABSTRACT Recently a new line of research on database querying has been triggered by the observation that humans usually express their preferences using both positive and negative statements. This results in semantically richer bipolar queries consisting of conditions of the two types, where conditions of the former type express satisfactory or desired properties of data sought, while conditions of the latter type are used to express properties the user finds unsatisfactory or ineligible. We present a novel framework for evaluating bipolar queries - a technique that allows for a proper representation of hesitation and conflicts together with modeling needs and wishes of the user, where bipolar satisfaction degrees are implemented to model hesitation and conflicts, and possibilisic interpretation of “and possibly” operator is implemented to model user&#39;s needs and wishes. Furthermore, simple, but illustrative, examples of application of the introduced framework are presented and its properties with regard to various interpretations of implication implemented in the “and possibly” operator are studied.

Fuzzy logic and soft computing in processing of imperfect information

Dealing with Positive and Negative Query Criteria in Fuzzy Database Querying

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009

When expressing their information needs in a (database) query, users sometimes prefer to state wh... more When expressing their information needs in a (database) query, users sometimes prefer to state what has to be rejected rather than what has to be accepted. In general, what has to be rejected is not necessarily the complement of what has to be accepted. This phenomenon is commonly known as the heterogeneous bipolar nature of expressing information needs. Satisfaction degrees

A Concept of Bipolar Queries in Textual Information Retrieval

2009 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2009

... q = qC ∧p qP (1) where qC and qP are subqueries assumed to be regular Boolean queries. ... Th... more

Bipolar database querying using bipolar satisfaction degrees

International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 2011

When expressing their information needs in a (database) query, users sometimes prefer to state wh... more When expressing their information needs in a (database) query, users sometimes prefer to state what has to be rejected rather than what has to be accepted. In general, what has to be rejected is not necessarily the complement of what has to be accepted. This phenomenon is commonly known as the heterogeneous bipolar nature of expressing information needs. Satisfaction degrees in regular fuzzy querying approaches are based on the "symmetric" assumption that the extent to which a database record, respectively, satisfies and does not satisfy a given query are complements of each other and are therefore less suited to adequately handle heterogeneous bipolarity in query specifications and query processing. In this paper, we present a bipolar query satisfaction modeling framework which is based on pairs that consist of an independent degree of satisfaction and degree of dissatisfaction. The use and advantages of the framework are illustrated in the context of fuzzy query evaluation in regular relational databases. More specifically, the evaluation of heterogeneous bipolar queries that contain both positive, negative, and bipolar criteria is studied.

Bipolar queries in textual information retrieval: A new perspective

Information Processing & Management, 2012

ABSTRACT A new concept of a bipolar query against collections of textual documents, i.e. in the c... more ABSTRACT A new concept of a bipolar query against collections of textual documents, i.e. in the context of information retrieval (IR), is introduced using recent developments in bipolar information modeling and bipolar database queries. Specifically, a particular approach to bipolar queries with an explicit “and possibly” type of an aggregation operator is used. An effective and efficient processing of such bipolar queries using standard IR data structures is briefly discussed. The bipolar queries proposed combine a flexibility provided by fuzzy logic with a more sophisticated representation of user preferences and intentions. This combination can make the search of vast resources of textual document, notably those available via the Internet, more intelligent.

On modeling bipolarity of preferences in data querying

Developments in flexible database querying

Current issues in data and knowledge engineering

Building a 4D Voxel-Based Decision Support System for a Sustainable Management of Marine Geological Resources

Oceanographic and Marine Cross-Domain Data Management for Sustainable Development

For sustainable management of marine geological resources, a geological knowledge base is being b... more For sustainable management of marine geological resources, a geological knowledge base is being built for the Belgian and southern Netherlands part of the North Sea. Voxel models of the subsurface are used for predictions on sand and gravel quantities and qualities, to ensure long-term resource use. The voxels are filled with geological data from boreholes and seismic lines, but other information can be added also. The geology provides boundary conditions needed to run environmental impact models that calculate resource depletion and regeneration under various scenarios of aggregate extraction. Such analyses are important in monitoring progress towards good environmental status, as outlined in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. By including uncertainty, data products can be generated with confidence limits, which is critical for assessing the significance of changes in the habitat or in any other resource-relevant parameter. All of the information is integrated into a cross-do...

Bipolarity and Multipolarity in Aggregation Structures

Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, 2016

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in handling (heterogeneous) bipolarity in ... more In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in handling (heterogeneous) bipolarity in order to deal more adequately with user preferences in information management. Different approaches have been presented. With respect to criteria specification in either flexible database querying or decision support, a main distinction can be made between bipolarity that is specified inside a single criterion and bipolarity that is specified among multiple criteria. Consider criteria that are defined over the values of a given domain. With bipolarity inside a criterion specification, a user might for example state which domain values she likes (positive pole) and which domain values she doesn't like (negative pole). Herewith, both poles do not have to be the complement of each other. With bipolarity among multiple criteria, in general two poles of criteria are given different semantics and handled in a different way. In this paper we survey different forms of bipolarity among multiple criteria from the standpoint of aggregation and try to classify them into two groups: bipolarity based on positive (desirable) and negative (undesirable) criteria and bipolarity based on nonuniform inputdependent annihilators. Moreover, we present canonical forms of aggregators of the two groups.

LSP based comparison of 3D ear models

2014 IEEE Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century (21CW), 2014

Ear biometric authentication is considered to be an important aspect of human identification and ... more Ear biometric authentication is considered to be an important aspect of human identification and is, among other techniques, used in victim identification for practical reasons. State-of-the-art techniques transform 2D ear photos to 3D ear models to adequately cope with geometrical and photometric normalisation issues. From each 3D ear model a feature list is extracted and used in the comparison process. In this paper we study how automated comparison of 3D ear models can be improved by soft computing techniques. More specifically we investigate and illustrate how multiple-criteria decision support techniques, which are based on fuzzy set theory, can be used for fine-tuning the ear comparison process. Point-to-point matching schemes are enriched with Logic Scoring of Preference (LSP) multiple-criteria decision support facilities. In this way valuable knowledge of forensic experts on ear identification aspects can be incorporated in the comparison process. The benefits and added value of the approach are discussed and demonstrated by an illustrative example.

Semantical mapping of attribute values for data integration

2014 IEEE Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century (21CW), 2014

Nowadays the amount of data is increasing very fast. Moreover, useful information is scattered ov... more Nowadays the amount of data is increasing very fast. Moreover, useful information is scattered over multiple sources. Therefore, automatic data integration that guarantees high data quality is extremely important. One of the crucial operations in integration of information from independent databases is detection of different representations of the same piece of information (called coreferent data) and translation of the representation of data from one source into the representation of the other source. That translation is also known as object mapping. In this paper, we investigate automatic mapping methods for attributes the values of which may need semantical comparison and can be sorted by means of an order relation that reflects a notion of generality. These mapping methods are investigated closely in terms of their effectiveness. An experimental evaluation of our method shows that using different mapping methods can enlarge a set of true positive mappings.

Coreference detection in XML metadata

2013 Joint IFSA World Congress and NAFIPS Annual Meeting (IFSA/NAFIPS), 2013

Preserving data quality is an important issue in data collection management. One of the crucial i... more Preserving data quality is an important issue in data collection management. One of the crucial issues hereby is the detection of duplicate objects (called coreferent objects) which describe the same entity, but in different ways. In this paper we present a method for detecting coreferent objects in metadata, in particular in XML schemas. Our approach consists in comparing the paths from a root element to a given element in the schema. Each path precisely defines the context and location of a specific element in the schema. Path matching is based on the comparison of the different steps of which paths are composed. The uncertainty about the matching of steps is expressed with possibilistic truth values and aggregated using the Sugeno integral. The discovered coreference of paths can help for determining the coreference of different XML schemas.