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Godwin Nmegbu

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I am a professional academic scholar that research primarily on the use of biological systems to enhance oil recovery and any other methods to optimise productivity of Oil from depleting reservoirs.

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Gabriel Gutierrez-Alonso

University of Salamanca

Dublin Institute of Technology

Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

Stephen W Merkel

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Cesar Vazquez-Lorenzana

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Chrysanthos Maraveas

Agricultural University of Athens

Ataturk University

Matteo Liberati

Università degli Studi di Cagliari

Mehmet Hilal Özcanhan

Dokuz Eylül University

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Papers by Godwin Nmegbu

Optimizing Natural Gas Pipeline Design to Prevent Hydrate Formation During Gas Transportation

In this work, Natural Gas pipeline design was optimized to curb the anomalies with maintenance co... more In this work, Natural Gas pipeline design was optimized to curb the anomalies with maintenance cost and enhancing successful delivery of gas to a plant. Secondary data on the Natural gas compositional streams and field data on the pipeline were obtained and four basic design protocols namely Hydraulic, Mechanical, Geo-technical and Operational Design concepts were applied. Design equations and applicable codes from ASME B31.8, B16.10 and API 5L specifications were used to estimate the Pipe sizing, Maximum Allowable Operating Pressures, Burst Pressure, Collapse Pressure, Hydrotest Pressure. The parameters were validated with ASME codes and PIPEFLEX. The Natural Gas compositional streams were inputted to ASPEN HYSYS and simulation of the natural gas flow was done along the optimized design pipeline. Results shows that the temperature at entry was 680 F and 860 F at the exit point with an average temperature of 94.030 F along the pipeline and a pressure drop of zero as pressure at entr...

Recovery of Heavy Oil from Unconventional Source (Oil Sands) with Design Steam Injection System

The use of steam ranging from 100 o C to 280 o C in extracting and producing oil from unconventio... more The use of steam ranging from 100 o C to 280 o C in extracting and producing oil from unconventional reservoir (oil sand) was investigated. Core samples were obtained from Edo state in Nigeria. An oil sand laboratory reservoir model was used to investigate technical feasibility of the injection of steam as an enhanced oil recovery agent for tight hydrocarbon reservoirs and the effect of temperature on the petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability of oil sand reservoir. Steam was injected into the oil sand reservoir to recover bitumen at different temperatures ranging from 100 o C to 280 o C. Results showed that as the temperature of the steam increased, more hydrocarbon (bitumen) was recovered due to the reduction of its viscosity and oil-water interfacial tension. The core experiment indicates that the porosity and permeability of a tight formation such as that of oil sand at ambient temperature is 0.038 and 0.007MD respectively. An increase in reservoir temperature by the injection of steam altered the petrophysical properties (porosity and permeability) of the reservoir. Samples collected and analyzed after recovery showed a decrease in porosity and an increase in the permeability of the formation. Results indicate that the viscosity of bitumen decreased with an increasing temperature. Maximum recovery of bitumen was obtained at 280 o C. The injection of steam at temperature of 300 o C and above, would produce more bitumen at industrial scale and could be refined and upgraded to liquid fuels to supplement the drastic reduction of the conventional oil. The results obtained from this work showed good agreement with data from existing data.

Evaluation of Formation Damage Models on Effective Wellbore Radius, Economics and Flow Productivity of Niger Delta Oil Reservoirs

Evaluation of Formation Damage and Fluid Loss Control Potential of Formulated Water based MUD with Corn COB Particles

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2020

Design Mechanism for Waterfloodong in a Reservoir (A case study of a Niger Delta reservoir)

A dynamic reservoir simulation was performed using Eclipse (PETREL) to investigate the applicatio... more A dynamic reservoir simulation was performed using Eclipse (PETREL) to investigate the application of sound waterflood design principles to a Niger delta oil field. To ascertain contributions of the different schemes and techniques applied in selecting the best appropriate waterflood design, a case of recovery by natural depletion was first considered. This recovery approach, after all possible optimizations, the final EUR obtained was 28.76% with two new added wells, B1 and C2. Adding a third well could only raise it to 29.4%. Recovery is improved by shutting off completions in the water zone, watered out producers and deviation of old wells. This shows that a lot can still be squeezed out of the field, recommending it for secondary and enhanced oil recovery, implying the need for additional recovery by secondary and enhanced oil recovery technologies. The numerical reservoir model was subsequently examined under different cases to optimize a secondary recovery water scheme. Optimi...

Application Of Laplace Transform To Pressure Transient Analysis In A Reservoir With Internal Circular Boundary

International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Research, 2015

A practical pressure transient analysis method is presented for a drawdown test in a well near a ... more A practical pressure transient analysis method is presented for a drawdown test in a well near a constant pressure internal circular boundary. The problem was mathematically posed and solved using the Laplace Transformation with the Laplace solutions presented in this work. Internal boundaries are viewed as circles with infinite radii and act as a known limiting case for finite radii internal boundaries. The time it takes pressure transient to reach the internal circular boundary and the permeability of the reservoir formation bounded by an internal discontinuity is estimated using generalized type curves. Using a new generalized type curve developed in this investigation, the bounded reservoir permeability and transient time to the internal boundary was determined by generalized semi-log type curve matching without using the usual double straight line technique

Analysis of Effects of Temperature on Petrophysical Properties of Petroleum Reservoir Rocks and Fluids

This work is basically a study of the variations of the petrophysical rocks and fluids properties... more This work is basically a study of the variations of the petrophysical rocks and fluids properties with temperature. An experiment was carried out using quartz sandstone core samples to investigate the temperature effect on its permeability. The variations with temperature were calculated using published correlations at different reservoir temperature from a particular field data. The results were then used to generate graphs as a function of temperature for each property. Conclusive remarks on the observed trends are also presented.

Numerical Simulation Of The Effects Of Phase Mobility Alteration On Waterflood Oil Recovery Process

In this work, a model based on Eclipse 100 numerical simulator was developed to investigate the e... more In this work, a model based on Eclipse 100 numerical simulator was developed to investigate the effect of phase mobility alteration during waterflooding operation. The model concept on the simulator was used for properties identical to the Niger Delta formation . Three case scenarios were considered in the study of the effect of phase mobility alteration on waterflood oil recovery - the analysis of the system on a natural drive; under intense water injection; and addition of different polymer concentrations to the injected water for phase mobility study. Precisely, polymer concentrations of 0.254, 0.525 and 0.702 lb/stb were added respectively to the model. The result showed that the addition of polymers at an optimum concentration led to a significant decrease in water cut of about 57%. This indicates that polymers reduce the relative permeability of the rock to water there by reducing water flow and fractions produced. From the result obtained, it was also found that the addition ...

Analytical Model for the Effects of ReservoirFormation Matrix on the Performance ofMicrobial Enhanced Oil Recovery

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Aug 15, 2014

The performance of any EOR technique puts into critical consideration the reservoir geology, lith... more The performance of any EOR technique puts into critical consideration the reservoir geology, lithology, reservoir uniformity, pay continuity and a wide range of other rock properties. This multi-mechanism, environmental friendly and inexpensive biotechnological approach to oil recovery (MEOR) must also put into consideration the formation characteristics for an effective and productive microbial injection project. This study tends to ascertain numerically the effects of formation matrix on the performance of MEOR by presenting a mathematical model accounting for microbial concentration distribution for various formation types. Results showed that for a homogenous reservoir, the average microbial concentration in the reservoir increased linearly with increasing days of microbial injection. Variation of porosity and permeability in heterogeneous reservoir yielded a non-linear relationship as a result of the varying rock properties when averaging method of permeability and porosity was adopted. A non-averaged permeability and porosity deduction for a heterogeneous formation will result in a more distorted concentration profile of the injected microbes. An irregularity in concentration distribution of microbes in these heterogeneous reservoirs is traceable to the distorted propagation and transportation of these injected microbes.

Laboratory Investigation of Rivers State Clay Samples for Drilling Mud Preparation

Drilling fluids are an integral part of any oil and gas industry, providing the ease to which wel... more Drilling fluids are an integral part of any oil and gas industry, providing the ease to which wells are drilled to access subsurface reservoir fluids. Certain rheology and mineralogical properties of the clay material used for drilling mud preparation must be critically investigated since clay deposits in different location exhibits different characteristics. Clay samples were collected from three different geographical locations namely; Egbamini (Emolga), Afam Street (Port Harcourt) and Oboboru (onelga) local government areas in Rivers state. Their rheological and wall building properties were measured in the laboratory to determine their suitability for drilling mud formulation. Results showed that in their respective native states, they proved unsuitable for drilling mud preparation when compared to standard Bentonite because they were observed to show responses far below the required API standards for mud formulation.

Bacteria as a Filtration Loss Reducing Agent during Drilling

One of the desired properties of a drilling mud is that it should minimize fluid loss from the we... more One of the desired properties of a drilling mud is that it should minimize fluid loss from the wellbore into the surrounding permeable formation. It is preferable that the quantity of liquid lost to the surrounding formation and the thickness of the filter cake formed be held to a minimum. The fermentates employed for purposes of the invention are produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate solutions with bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas. Specific Xanthomonas organisms employed includes Xanthomonas begonia, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas hederae etc. Experimental work showed that fermentates produced by members of this genus have properties, which are used for purposes of this invention.

Model for The Diffusionof Biogenic Gases In Heterogeneous Reservoirs Undergoing Transient Flow

Microbially enhanced petroleum reservoirs confirms a recovery of about 30-40 % residual oil, with... more Microbially enhanced petroleum reservoirs confirms a recovery of about 30-40 % residual oil, with an integral composition of wide range of oil recovery mechanisms including wettability alteration by biosurfactant production, selective plugging of highly permeable channels by biopolymer production, creating fluid flow channels in carbonate reservoirs by rock dissolution attributed to bioacid formation, and a range of other exploitable recovery techniques. This study presents an investigation of biogenic gas produced in-situ and its concentration profile across the reservoir. An increasing concentration trend in the grids was observed and these increments were owed to the fact that diffusion of the biogenic occurred. It was also observed that after 40days of Desulfovibro injection, the produced CO 2 across the reservoir was tending towards being even in values of concentration, implying that diffusion rate was approaching a zero value. Also, the distorting effect of reservoir heterogeneity on biogenic gas concentration profile was also resolved by adopting the method of averaging for permeability and porosity in the reservoir.

Modeling the Wettability Alteration Tendencies of Bioproducts During Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

About 50-60% of the world's reservoirs are carbonate, and quite a significant number of them are ... more About 50-60% of the world's reservoirs are carbonate, and quite a significant number of them are naturally fractured and recoveries from these zones are significantly low. Some common EOR methods for production from these zones include thermal recovery, chemical processes (surfactant injection, caustic flooding etc.), miscible displacement etc. this study involves the modification of a generic model to facilitate the recovery of oil by the production of these biosurfactants and biogases. Since it is well established that increasing biosurfactant concentration causes a decreasing interfacial tension, it can be concluded that IFT decreases with time. a correlation of which is verified in this study. Models depicting the direct and indirect impacts of bioproducts on the wettability of a reservoir are presented. A drop in the IFT results in an instantaneous change in the wettability properties from either oil-wet or mixed wet condition to water wet.

Prediction of Formation Damage Fluid loss and Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud

European Journal of Engineering Research, 2020

The extent of damage to formation caused by water based drilling mud containing corn cob treated ... more The extent of damage to formation caused by water based drilling mud containing corn cob treated with sodium hydroxide to partially replace polyanionic cellulose (PAC) as a fluid loss control additive has been studied. Core samples were obtained from a well in Niger Delta for this study with a permeameter used to force the drilling mud into core samples at high pressures. Physio-chemical properties (moisture content, cellulose and lignin) of the samples were measured and the result after treatment showed reduction. The corn cob was combined with the PAC in the ratio of 25-75%, 50-50% and 75-25% in the mud. Analyzed drilling mud rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point and gel strength all decreased as percentage of corn cob increased in the combination and steadily decreased as temperature increased to 200 o F. Measured fluid loss and pH of the mud showed an increase in fluid loss and pH in mud sample with 100% corn cob. The extent of formati...

Prediction of Formation Damage, Fluid Loss and Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud with Corn Cob

European Journal of Engineering Research and Science

The extent of damage to formation caused by water based drilling mud containing corn cob treated ... more The extent of damage to formation caused by water based drilling mud containing corn cob treated with sodium hydroxide to partially replace polyanionic cellulose (PAC) as a fluid loss control additive has been studied. Core samples were obtained from a well in Niger Delta for this study with a permeameter used to force the drilling mud into core samples at high pressures. Physio-chemical properties (moisture content, cellulose and lignin) of the samples were measured and the result after treatment showed reduction. The corn cob was combined with the PAC in the ratio of 25-75%, 50-50% and 75-25% in the mud. Analyzed drilling mud rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point and gel strength all decreased as percentage of corn cob increased in the combination and steadily decreased as temperature increased to 200oF. Measured fluid loss and pH of the mud showed an increase in fluid loss and pH in mud sample with 100% corn cob. The extent of formation...

An Integrated Well-Reservoir Steam Injection Modelling for Steam Injection Optimization

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science

The limitation of Steam Injection to depths has been a subject of concern in the application of S... more The limitation of Steam Injection to depths has been a subject of concern in the application of Steam Injection for heavy and extra heavy oil recovery. This is usually as a result of the complex mechanism of heat loses occurring in the wellbore and consequently the heat loss distribution in the reservoir. A conventional approach to the optimization of steam injection has been based on isolated analysis of the well system aimed at maintaining adequate steam quality at the sandface at optimal injection rate, pressure, temperature and overall heat transfer coefficient. This often results to total neglect of the effect of the interaction between the well system and the reservoir system in the Model results. This research presents an integrated approach in the modelling of steam injection project that incorporates both the well system and the reservoir system. In this study, a three case-study wells were analyzed which are located at INJ1 (1, 1), PROD1 (5, 5) and PROD2 (9, 1) respectively. The results of the findings reveals that the conventional practice of maintaining sufficient SQ at the sandface is not the last optimization strategy in real field scenario. This is because the efficiency of the heavy oil displacement by the steam is a co-function of the effective SQ at the sandface, the FHLR/FHLT and the relative distance of the injector(s) from the producer(s) which are characterized by the thermal properties of the reservoirs. As part of the objectives of this study, a novel numerical approach using PROSPER wellbore simulator is presented for analysing the impact of reservoir back pressure on the estimated SQ. The results as presented in the work shows that wrong estimations of downhole SQ can result from the total neglect of Reservoir Pressure especially in relatively deeper wells.

Predictive Modeling of the Effects of Reservoir Properties on the Effective Application of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (Meor)

International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, Jul 30, 2014

ABSTRACT The increasing need to improve recovery of residual oil from the reservoir had prompted ... more ABSTRACT The increasing need to improve recovery of residual oil from the reservoir had prompted the discovery of Microbially Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) technology as an enviable and effective method of enhancing oil recovery. For optimum recovery, this technique requires the prediction of favourable conditions of reservoir parameters in addition to microbial and operating parameters. To achieve this, this work incorporates reaction engineering into the reservoir engineering aspects of MEOR, treating the bounded reservoir as a bioreactor. The models developed are based on the principle of mass conservation. A C++ program source code was used to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the models. Results from the simulation show that reservoir properties greatly affect the applicability, suitability and performance of any MEOR project.

Modeling the Pressure Distribution in a Reservoir Undergoing MEOR for a 2-Dimensional Flow System

The inexpensive and environmental friendly examination of MEOR as an integrated lab and field res... more The inexpensive and environmental friendly examination of MEOR as an integrated lab and field research effort in the identification and comprehension its mechanisms of oil recovery has been a dynamic trend for researchers in the oil and gas industry for the past few years. For this study, a mathematical model was developed to account for the pressure distribution across the reservoir for 2-Dimensional fluid flow system. A significant pressure increase was observed in the well producing block during the Microbial flooding process. This pressure increase was traceable to the formation of a strong gas cap in the reservoir by produced CO 2 and N 2 .

Bacteria as a Filtration Loss Reducing Agent during Drilling

Analysis of Effects of Temperature on Petrophysical Properties of Petroleum Reservoir Rocks and Fluids

Optimizing Natural Gas Pipeline Design to Prevent Hydrate Formation During Gas Transportation

In this work, Natural Gas pipeline design was optimized to curb the anomalies with maintenance co... more In this work, Natural Gas pipeline design was optimized to curb the anomalies with maintenance cost and enhancing successful delivery of gas to a plant. Secondary data on the Natural gas compositional streams and field data on the pipeline were obtained and four basic design protocols namely Hydraulic, Mechanical, Geo-technical and Operational Design concepts were applied. Design equations and applicable codes from ASME B31.8, B16.10 and API 5L specifications were used to estimate the Pipe sizing, Maximum Allowable Operating Pressures, Burst Pressure, Collapse Pressure, Hydrotest Pressure. The parameters were validated with ASME codes and PIPEFLEX. The Natural Gas compositional streams were inputted to ASPEN HYSYS and simulation of the natural gas flow was done along the optimized design pipeline. Results shows that the temperature at entry was 680 F and 860 F at the exit point with an average temperature of 94.030 F along the pipeline and a pressure drop of zero as pressure at entr...

Recovery of Heavy Oil from Unconventional Source (Oil Sands) with Design Steam Injection System

The use of steam ranging from 100 o C to 280 o C in extracting and producing oil from unconventio... more The use of steam ranging from 100 o C to 280 o C in extracting and producing oil from unconventional reservoir (oil sand) was investigated. Core samples were obtained from Edo state in Nigeria. An oil sand laboratory reservoir model was used to investigate technical feasibility of the injection of steam as an enhanced oil recovery agent for tight hydrocarbon reservoirs and the effect of temperature on the petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability of oil sand reservoir. Steam was injected into the oil sand reservoir to recover bitumen at different temperatures ranging from 100 o C to 280 o C. Results showed that as the temperature of the steam increased, more hydrocarbon (bitumen) was recovered due to the reduction of its viscosity and oil-water interfacial tension. The core experiment indicates that the porosity and permeability of a tight formation such as that of oil sand at ambient temperature is 0.038 and 0.007MD respectively. An increase in reservoir temperature by the injection of steam altered the petrophysical properties (porosity and permeability) of the reservoir. Samples collected and analyzed after recovery showed a decrease in porosity and an increase in the permeability of the formation. Results indicate that the viscosity of bitumen decreased with an increasing temperature. Maximum recovery of bitumen was obtained at 280 o C. The injection of steam at temperature of 300 o C and above, would produce more bitumen at industrial scale and could be refined and upgraded to liquid fuels to supplement the drastic reduction of the conventional oil. The results obtained from this work showed good agreement with data from existing data.

Evaluation of Formation Damage Models on Effective Wellbore Radius, Economics and Flow Productivity of Niger Delta Oil Reservoirs

Evaluation of Formation Damage and Fluid Loss Control Potential of Formulated Water based MUD with Corn COB Particles

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2020

Design Mechanism for Waterfloodong in a Reservoir (A case study of a Niger Delta reservoir)

A dynamic reservoir simulation was performed using Eclipse (PETREL) to investigate the applicatio... more A dynamic reservoir simulation was performed using Eclipse (PETREL) to investigate the application of sound waterflood design principles to a Niger delta oil field. To ascertain contributions of the different schemes and techniques applied in selecting the best appropriate waterflood design, a case of recovery by natural depletion was first considered. This recovery approach, after all possible optimizations, the final EUR obtained was 28.76% with two new added wells, B1 and C2. Adding a third well could only raise it to 29.4%. Recovery is improved by shutting off completions in the water zone, watered out producers and deviation of old wells. This shows that a lot can still be squeezed out of the field, recommending it for secondary and enhanced oil recovery, implying the need for additional recovery by secondary and enhanced oil recovery technologies. The numerical reservoir model was subsequently examined under different cases to optimize a secondary recovery water scheme. Optimi...

Application Of Laplace Transform To Pressure Transient Analysis In A Reservoir With Internal Circular Boundary

International Journal of Technology Enhancements and Emerging Engineering Research, 2015

A practical pressure transient analysis method is presented for a drawdown test in a well near a ... more A practical pressure transient analysis method is presented for a drawdown test in a well near a constant pressure internal circular boundary. The problem was mathematically posed and solved using the Laplace Transformation with the Laplace solutions presented in this work. Internal boundaries are viewed as circles with infinite radii and act as a known limiting case for finite radii internal boundaries. The time it takes pressure transient to reach the internal circular boundary and the permeability of the reservoir formation bounded by an internal discontinuity is estimated using generalized type curves. Using a new generalized type curve developed in this investigation, the bounded reservoir permeability and transient time to the internal boundary was determined by generalized semi-log type curve matching without using the usual double straight line technique

Analysis of Effects of Temperature on Petrophysical Properties of Petroleum Reservoir Rocks and Fluids

This work is basically a study of the variations of the petrophysical rocks and fluids properties... more This work is basically a study of the variations of the petrophysical rocks and fluids properties with temperature. An experiment was carried out using quartz sandstone core samples to investigate the temperature effect on its permeability. The variations with temperature were calculated using published correlations at different reservoir temperature from a particular field data. The results were then used to generate graphs as a function of temperature for each property. Conclusive remarks on the observed trends are also presented.

Numerical Simulation Of The Effects Of Phase Mobility Alteration On Waterflood Oil Recovery Process

In this work, a model based on Eclipse 100 numerical simulator was developed to investigate the e... more In this work, a model based on Eclipse 100 numerical simulator was developed to investigate the effect of phase mobility alteration during waterflooding operation. The model concept on the simulator was used for properties identical to the Niger Delta formation . Three case scenarios were considered in the study of the effect of phase mobility alteration on waterflood oil recovery - the analysis of the system on a natural drive; under intense water injection; and addition of different polymer concentrations to the injected water for phase mobility study. Precisely, polymer concentrations of 0.254, 0.525 and 0.702 lb/stb were added respectively to the model. The result showed that the addition of polymers at an optimum concentration led to a significant decrease in water cut of about 57%. This indicates that polymers reduce the relative permeability of the rock to water there by reducing water flow and fractions produced. From the result obtained, it was also found that the addition ...

Analytical Model for the Effects of ReservoirFormation Matrix on the Performance ofMicrobial Enhanced Oil Recovery

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Aug 15, 2014

The performance of any EOR technique puts into critical consideration the reservoir geology, lith... more The performance of any EOR technique puts into critical consideration the reservoir geology, lithology, reservoir uniformity, pay continuity and a wide range of other rock properties. This multi-mechanism, environmental friendly and inexpensive biotechnological approach to oil recovery (MEOR) must also put into consideration the formation characteristics for an effective and productive microbial injection project. This study tends to ascertain numerically the effects of formation matrix on the performance of MEOR by presenting a mathematical model accounting for microbial concentration distribution for various formation types. Results showed that for a homogenous reservoir, the average microbial concentration in the reservoir increased linearly with increasing days of microbial injection. Variation of porosity and permeability in heterogeneous reservoir yielded a non-linear relationship as a result of the varying rock properties when averaging method of permeability and porosity was adopted. A non-averaged permeability and porosity deduction for a heterogeneous formation will result in a more distorted concentration profile of the injected microbes. An irregularity in concentration distribution of microbes in these heterogeneous reservoirs is traceable to the distorted propagation and transportation of these injected microbes.

Laboratory Investigation of Rivers State Clay Samples for Drilling Mud Preparation

Drilling fluids are an integral part of any oil and gas industry, providing the ease to which wel... more Drilling fluids are an integral part of any oil and gas industry, providing the ease to which wells are drilled to access subsurface reservoir fluids. Certain rheology and mineralogical properties of the clay material used for drilling mud preparation must be critically investigated since clay deposits in different location exhibits different characteristics. Clay samples were collected from three different geographical locations namely; Egbamini (Emolga), Afam Street (Port Harcourt) and Oboboru (onelga) local government areas in Rivers state. Their rheological and wall building properties were measured in the laboratory to determine their suitability for drilling mud formulation. Results showed that in their respective native states, they proved unsuitable for drilling mud preparation when compared to standard Bentonite because they were observed to show responses far below the required API standards for mud formulation.

Bacteria as a Filtration Loss Reducing Agent during Drilling

One of the desired properties of a drilling mud is that it should minimize fluid loss from the we... more One of the desired properties of a drilling mud is that it should minimize fluid loss from the wellbore into the surrounding permeable formation. It is preferable that the quantity of liquid lost to the surrounding formation and the thickness of the filter cake formed be held to a minimum. The fermentates employed for purposes of the invention are produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate solutions with bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas. Specific Xanthomonas organisms employed includes Xanthomonas begonia, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas hederae etc. Experimental work showed that fermentates produced by members of this genus have properties, which are used for purposes of this invention.

Model for The Diffusionof Biogenic Gases In Heterogeneous Reservoirs Undergoing Transient Flow

Microbially enhanced petroleum reservoirs confirms a recovery of about 30-40 % residual oil, with... more Microbially enhanced petroleum reservoirs confirms a recovery of about 30-40 % residual oil, with an integral composition of wide range of oil recovery mechanisms including wettability alteration by biosurfactant production, selective plugging of highly permeable channels by biopolymer production, creating fluid flow channels in carbonate reservoirs by rock dissolution attributed to bioacid formation, and a range of other exploitable recovery techniques. This study presents an investigation of biogenic gas produced in-situ and its concentration profile across the reservoir. An increasing concentration trend in the grids was observed and these increments were owed to the fact that diffusion of the biogenic occurred. It was also observed that after 40days of Desulfovibro injection, the produced CO 2 across the reservoir was tending towards being even in values of concentration, implying that diffusion rate was approaching a zero value. Also, the distorting effect of reservoir heterogeneity on biogenic gas concentration profile was also resolved by adopting the method of averaging for permeability and porosity in the reservoir.

Modeling the Wettability Alteration Tendencies of Bioproducts During Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery

About 50-60% of the world's reservoirs are carbonate, and quite a significant number of them are ... more About 50-60% of the world's reservoirs are carbonate, and quite a significant number of them are naturally fractured and recoveries from these zones are significantly low. Some common EOR methods for production from these zones include thermal recovery, chemical processes (surfactant injection, caustic flooding etc.), miscible displacement etc. this study involves the modification of a generic model to facilitate the recovery of oil by the production of these biosurfactants and biogases. Since it is well established that increasing biosurfactant concentration causes a decreasing interfacial tension, it can be concluded that IFT decreases with time. a correlation of which is verified in this study. Models depicting the direct and indirect impacts of bioproducts on the wettability of a reservoir are presented. A drop in the IFT results in an instantaneous change in the wettability properties from either oil-wet or mixed wet condition to water wet.

Prediction of Formation Damage Fluid loss and Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud

European Journal of Engineering Research, 2020

The extent of damage to formation caused by water based drilling mud containing corn cob treated ... more The extent of damage to formation caused by water based drilling mud containing corn cob treated with sodium hydroxide to partially replace polyanionic cellulose (PAC) as a fluid loss control additive has been studied. Core samples were obtained from a well in Niger Delta for this study with a permeameter used to force the drilling mud into core samples at high pressures. Physio-chemical properties (moisture content, cellulose and lignin) of the samples were measured and the result after treatment showed reduction. The corn cob was combined with the PAC in the ratio of 25-75%, 50-50% and 75-25% in the mud. Analyzed drilling mud rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point and gel strength all decreased as percentage of corn cob increased in the combination and steadily decreased as temperature increased to 200 o F. Measured fluid loss and pH of the mud showed an increase in fluid loss and pH in mud sample with 100% corn cob. The extent of formati...

Prediction of Formation Damage, Fluid Loss and Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud with Corn Cob

European Journal of Engineering Research and Science

The extent of damage to formation caused by water based drilling mud containing corn cob treated ... more The extent of damage to formation caused by water based drilling mud containing corn cob treated with sodium hydroxide to partially replace polyanionic cellulose (PAC) as a fluid loss control additive has been studied. Core samples were obtained from a well in Niger Delta for this study with a permeameter used to force the drilling mud into core samples at high pressures. Physio-chemical properties (moisture content, cellulose and lignin) of the samples were measured and the result after treatment showed reduction. The corn cob was combined with the PAC in the ratio of 25-75%, 50-50% and 75-25% in the mud. Analyzed drilling mud rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point and gel strength all decreased as percentage of corn cob increased in the combination and steadily decreased as temperature increased to 200oF. Measured fluid loss and pH of the mud showed an increase in fluid loss and pH in mud sample with 100% corn cob. The extent of formation...

An Integrated Well-Reservoir Steam Injection Modelling for Steam Injection Optimization

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science

The limitation of Steam Injection to depths has been a subject of concern in the application of S... more The limitation of Steam Injection to depths has been a subject of concern in the application of Steam Injection for heavy and extra heavy oil recovery. This is usually as a result of the complex mechanism of heat loses occurring in the wellbore and consequently the heat loss distribution in the reservoir. A conventional approach to the optimization of steam injection has been based on isolated analysis of the well system aimed at maintaining adequate steam quality at the sandface at optimal injection rate, pressure, temperature and overall heat transfer coefficient. This often results to total neglect of the effect of the interaction between the well system and the reservoir system in the Model results. This research presents an integrated approach in the modelling of steam injection project that incorporates both the well system and the reservoir system. In this study, a three case-study wells were analyzed which are located at INJ1 (1, 1), PROD1 (5, 5) and PROD2 (9, 1) respectively. The results of the findings reveals that the conventional practice of maintaining sufficient SQ at the sandface is not the last optimization strategy in real field scenario. This is because the efficiency of the heavy oil displacement by the steam is a co-function of the effective SQ at the sandface, the FHLR/FHLT and the relative distance of the injector(s) from the producer(s) which are characterized by the thermal properties of the reservoirs. As part of the objectives of this study, a novel numerical approach using PROSPER wellbore simulator is presented for analysing the impact of reservoir back pressure on the estimated SQ. The results as presented in the work shows that wrong estimations of downhole SQ can result from the total neglect of Reservoir Pressure especially in relatively deeper wells.

Predictive Modeling of the Effects of Reservoir Properties on the Effective Application of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (Meor)

International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, Jul 30, 2014

ABSTRACT The increasing need to improve recovery of residual oil from the reservoir had prompted ... more ABSTRACT The increasing need to improve recovery of residual oil from the reservoir had prompted the discovery of Microbially Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) technology as an enviable and effective method of enhancing oil recovery. For optimum recovery, this technique requires the prediction of favourable conditions of reservoir parameters in addition to microbial and operating parameters. To achieve this, this work incorporates reaction engineering into the reservoir engineering aspects of MEOR, treating the bounded reservoir as a bioreactor. The models developed are based on the principle of mass conservation. A C++ program source code was used to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the models. Results from the simulation show that reservoir properties greatly affect the applicability, suitability and performance of any MEOR project.

Modeling the Pressure Distribution in a Reservoir Undergoing MEOR for a 2-Dimensional Flow System

The inexpensive and environmental friendly examination of MEOR as an integrated lab and field res... more The inexpensive and environmental friendly examination of MEOR as an integrated lab and field research effort in the identification and comprehension its mechanisms of oil recovery has been a dynamic trend for researchers in the oil and gas industry for the past few years. For this study, a mathematical model was developed to account for the pressure distribution across the reservoir for 2-Dimensional fluid flow system. A significant pressure increase was observed in the well producing block during the Microbial flooding process. This pressure increase was traceable to the formation of a strong gas cap in the reservoir by produced CO 2 and N 2 .

Bacteria as a Filtration Loss Reducing Agent during Drilling

Analysis of Effects of Temperature on Petrophysical Properties of Petroleum Reservoir Rocks and Fluids