Neuroscientists have established for decades that all vertebrates, humans and nonhumans alike, sh... more Neuroscientists have established for decades that all vertebrates, humans and nonhumans alike, share the same brain structures and processes that govern cognition, emotions, and consciousness. In addition to passing the mirror self-recognition test (Plotnik, de Waal and Reiss, 2006), having the ability to perform complicated cognitive tasks including numeracy, means-end reasoning, and tool use (Hart et al., 2001; Foerder et al., 201; Irie-Sugimoto et al., 2009), using a complex and multi-channeled system of social language and learning (Plotnik and de Waal, 2014; McComb et al., 2001), and having the capacity to experience profound grief, empathy, and other emotions, elephants share with humans psychobiological structures and processes vulnerable to trauma (Bradshaw, 2009). As neuropsychology predicts, elephants subjected to a series of human-caused traumatogenic disturbances exhibit symptoms consistent with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD (Bradshaw 2005; Bradshaw et al 2005; ...
Environmental Information Management And Analysis, 1994
As GIS-based and satellite data have become increasingly accessible, it is possible to integrate ... more As GIS-based and satellite data have become increasingly accessible, it is possible to integrate empirical and simulation approaches to pattern analysis and to translate knowledge of ecosystem processes at the stand level to landscape and regional scales. As a result, there has become an increased reliance on pattern to provide insight into understanding ecological processes. Because afferent processes may produce similar patterns, there is a critical need to uiiderstand what information regarding ecosystem processes (e.g.. disturbance) is retained and detectable from quantitative measures of spatial pattern. The relationship between statistical and ecological measures of pattern and process in the Pacific Northwest, USA, is explored using simulated landscapes generated by varying disturbance events. Simulation results indicate that statistical significance of pattern does not correspond systematically . to ecological significance. A predictable correspondence between process (i.e.. fine-scale disturbance) and pattern (i.e., large-scale landscape structure) only occurred consistently under the restricted conditions of intense or multiple-event disturbances. focus from fine-scale sampling to landscape and higher order scales where the spatial and temporal patterns of data are considered explicitly. Ecosystem
More praise for Elephants on the Edge: "This book. .. is fascinating. .. [and] sheds light on dis... more More praise for Elephants on the Edge: "This book. .. is fascinating. .. [and] sheds light on disturbing phenomena relevant to the future not only of elephants but also of humans subjected to similar disruption. Read it."-Robert M. May, Professor Lord May of Oxford om ac kt frs
There has been an increased interest in the quantification of pattern in ecological systems over ... more There has been an increased interest in the quantification of pattern in ecological systems over the past years. This interest is motivated by the desire to construct valid models which extend across many scales. Spatial methods must quantify pattern, discriminate types of pattern, and relate hierarchical phenomena across scales. Wavelet analysis is introduced as a method to identify spatial structure in ecological transect data. The main advantage of the wavelet transform over other methods is its ability to preserve and display hierarchical information while allowing for pattern decomposition. Two applications of wavelet analysis are illustrated, as a means to: (1) quantify known spatial patterns in Douglas-fir forests at several scales, and (2) construct spatially-explicit hypotheses regarding pattern generating mechanisms. Application of the wavelet variance, derived from the wavelet transform, is developed for forest ecosystem analysis to obtain additional insight into spatiall...
Mutual Accompaniment and the Creation of the Commons, 2019
erer og visualiserer energibruk, gjerne i kombinasjon med automatisering og nye prissignaler, vil... more erer og visualiserer energibruk, gjerne i kombinasjon med automatisering og nye prissignaler, vil påvirke når og hvordan vi bruker energi, og derfor også indirekte, hvordan vi lever vårt liv. Fra et systemperspektiv beskrives den digitalt medierte viljen til å endre og avstå fra energibruk som «sluttbrukerfleksibilitet». Innbakt i fremtidsnarrativene ligger tydelige forventninger til menneskelig rasjonalitet, fremtidig teknologi-og samfunnsutvikling samt forestillinger om fremtidig samspill mellom disse. Vi diskuterer videre de digitale energiteknologienes politikk, og hvordan de potensielt kan vaere med å produsere et hverdagslig tidsmarked hvor tjenesten som selges er å avstå fra å forbruke elektrisitet i gitte tidsrom. Dette vil sannsynligvis kunne forsterke eksisterende sosiale skiller. I lys av dette etterspør vi mer kritisk samfunnsforskning som motvekt til de enorme ressursene som i dag brukes på å fremme en såkalt «smart» teknologiutvikling og som gjerne betraktes som politisk og sosialt nøytral.
Back in 1974, an unusual report from Jane Goodall at the Gombe Stream Wildlife Research Centre in... more Back in 1974, an unusual report from Jane Goodall at the Gombe Stream Wildlife Research Centre in Tanzania caught the public eye. Chimpanzees had committed infanticide and were engaging in war. Not only were they acting in unanticipated ways, chimpanzees were acting like humans. Goodall’s discovery bridged the divide between Homo sapiens and other species. In and of itself, similarity between species is no surprise. Scientists have long experimented on animals in place of people; the resulting insights form the backbone of biomedicine and anthropology. We accept that human beings and nonhuman animals share a common ancestry. In biology and psychology, this relationship is the scientific rationale for a system of inference—the process and convention used to draw logical conclusions from observations—that allows humans to benefit from research with animal subjects. As such, it was not Goodall’s discovery of species similarity per se that provoked such curiosity; it was the specific na...
Neuroscientists have established for decades that all vertebrates, humans and nonhumans alike, sh... more Neuroscientists have established for decades that all vertebrates, humans and nonhumans alike, share the same brain structures and processes that govern cognition, emotions, and consciousness. In addition to passing the mirror self-recognition test (Plotnik, de Waal and Reiss, 2006), having the ability to perform complicated cognitive tasks including numeracy, means-end reasoning, and tool use (Hart et al., 2001; Foerder et al., 201; Irie-Sugimoto et al., 2009), using a complex and multi-channeled system of social language and learning (Plotnik and de Waal, 2014; McComb et al., 2001), and having the capacity to experience profound grief, empathy, and other emotions, elephants share with humans psychobiological structures and processes vulnerable to trauma (Bradshaw, 2009). As neuropsychology predicts, elephants subjected to a series of human-caused traumatogenic disturbances exhibit symptoms consistent with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD (Bradshaw 2005; Bradshaw et al 2005; ...
Environmental Information Management And Analysis, 1994
As GIS-based and satellite data have become increasingly accessible, it is possible to integrate ... more As GIS-based and satellite data have become increasingly accessible, it is possible to integrate empirical and simulation approaches to pattern analysis and to translate knowledge of ecosystem processes at the stand level to landscape and regional scales. As a result, there has become an increased reliance on pattern to provide insight into understanding ecological processes. Because afferent processes may produce similar patterns, there is a critical need to uiiderstand what information regarding ecosystem processes (e.g.. disturbance) is retained and detectable from quantitative measures of spatial pattern. The relationship between statistical and ecological measures of pattern and process in the Pacific Northwest, USA, is explored using simulated landscapes generated by varying disturbance events. Simulation results indicate that statistical significance of pattern does not correspond systematically . to ecological significance. A predictable correspondence between process (i.e.. fine-scale disturbance) and pattern (i.e., large-scale landscape structure) only occurred consistently under the restricted conditions of intense or multiple-event disturbances. focus from fine-scale sampling to landscape and higher order scales where the spatial and temporal patterns of data are considered explicitly. Ecosystem
More praise for Elephants on the Edge: "This book. .. is fascinating. .. [and] sheds light on dis... more More praise for Elephants on the Edge: "This book. .. is fascinating. .. [and] sheds light on disturbing phenomena relevant to the future not only of elephants but also of humans subjected to similar disruption. Read it."-Robert M. May, Professor Lord May of Oxford om ac kt frs
There has been an increased interest in the quantification of pattern in ecological systems over ... more There has been an increased interest in the quantification of pattern in ecological systems over the past years. This interest is motivated by the desire to construct valid models which extend across many scales. Spatial methods must quantify pattern, discriminate types of pattern, and relate hierarchical phenomena across scales. Wavelet analysis is introduced as a method to identify spatial structure in ecological transect data. The main advantage of the wavelet transform over other methods is its ability to preserve and display hierarchical information while allowing for pattern decomposition. Two applications of wavelet analysis are illustrated, as a means to: (1) quantify known spatial patterns in Douglas-fir forests at several scales, and (2) construct spatially-explicit hypotheses regarding pattern generating mechanisms. Application of the wavelet variance, derived from the wavelet transform, is developed for forest ecosystem analysis to obtain additional insight into spatiall...
Mutual Accompaniment and the Creation of the Commons, 2019
erer og visualiserer energibruk, gjerne i kombinasjon med automatisering og nye prissignaler, vil... more erer og visualiserer energibruk, gjerne i kombinasjon med automatisering og nye prissignaler, vil påvirke når og hvordan vi bruker energi, og derfor også indirekte, hvordan vi lever vårt liv. Fra et systemperspektiv beskrives den digitalt medierte viljen til å endre og avstå fra energibruk som «sluttbrukerfleksibilitet». Innbakt i fremtidsnarrativene ligger tydelige forventninger til menneskelig rasjonalitet, fremtidig teknologi-og samfunnsutvikling samt forestillinger om fremtidig samspill mellom disse. Vi diskuterer videre de digitale energiteknologienes politikk, og hvordan de potensielt kan vaere med å produsere et hverdagslig tidsmarked hvor tjenesten som selges er å avstå fra å forbruke elektrisitet i gitte tidsrom. Dette vil sannsynligvis kunne forsterke eksisterende sosiale skiller. I lys av dette etterspør vi mer kritisk samfunnsforskning som motvekt til de enorme ressursene som i dag brukes på å fremme en såkalt «smart» teknologiutvikling og som gjerne betraktes som politisk og sosialt nøytral.
Back in 1974, an unusual report from Jane Goodall at the Gombe Stream Wildlife Research Centre in... more Back in 1974, an unusual report from Jane Goodall at the Gombe Stream Wildlife Research Centre in Tanzania caught the public eye. Chimpanzees had committed infanticide and were engaging in war. Not only were they acting in unanticipated ways, chimpanzees were acting like humans. Goodall’s discovery bridged the divide between Homo sapiens and other species. In and of itself, similarity between species is no surprise. Scientists have long experimented on animals in place of people; the resulting insights form the backbone of biomedicine and anthropology. We accept that human beings and nonhuman animals share a common ancestry. In biology and psychology, this relationship is the scientific rationale for a system of inference—the process and convention used to draw logical conclusions from observations—that allows humans to benefit from research with animal subjects. As such, it was not Goodall’s discovery of species similarity per se that provoked such curiosity; it was the specific na...
Uploads
Papers by GA Bradshaw