The article seeks to investigate urban phenomena in São Paulo’s 19th and 20th centuries by utiliz... more The article seeks to investigate urban phenomena in São Paulo’s 19th and 20th centuries by utilizing Henri Lefebvre’s concept of appropriation. Thus I focus on the relations between urban space(s) and its inhabitants, and the analysis of the city – usually perceived as space – becomes a spatio-temporal and relational analysis regarding dynamic practices, conflicts, etc. understood as urban phenomena. How did the inhabitants appropriate São Paulo? May we state special forms by comparing it to other Latin American cities of former times? How did the migrants arriving at the end of 19th century change old forms of living in the city? I conclude with remarks and critics on the potential of using the concept of appropriation in urban studies.
INTRODUÇÃO 4 PARTE I: MIRAGENS 24 1 Uma utopia sociológica recente de espaço urbano no Brasil 25 ... more INTRODUÇÃO 4 PARTE I: MIRAGENS 24 1 Uma utopia sociológica recente de espaço urbano no Brasil 25 2 Utopias (urbanas) do pensamento sociológico 43 PARTE II: APROXIMAÇÕES 60 3 O "uso do espaço" lefebvriano nos lugares públicos do centro da São Paulo contemporânea 61 4 O começo do fim da São Paulo caipira 82 PARTE III: ESPELHOS 150 5 Usos da rua 151 6 Troca de olhares: A sociologia urbana alemã de um ponto de vista brasileiro 169 7 A sociologia do espaço de Erving Goffman 188 PARTE IV: (RE)APROXIMAÇÕES 208 8 Os tempos (diferentes) do uso das praças da Sé em Lisboa e em São Paulo 209 9 Tempos no corpo, diferença "em e por" São Paulo: o método regressivoprogressivo 252 10 Quando os ritmos corporais dos pedestres nos espaços públicos urbanos revelam ritmos da urbanização 285 PARTE V: REFLEXOS 304 11 A rua no Brasil em questão (etnográfica) 305 12 Da desigualdade social nos espaços públicos centrais latinoamericanos 334 13 Espaço relacional através do tempo historicamente relacionalnos corpos dos pedestres de São Paulo 364 14 Da história cotidiana dos corpos dos pedestres no centro de São Paulo em meio à metropolização (1950-2000) 393 CONCLUSÃO 421 BIBLIOGRAFIA 424 ACERVOS ICONOGRÁFICOS 458 "O espelho? [...] Esta superfície pura e impura, quase material, quase irreal, faz aparecer diante do ego sua presença material; ela suscita seu inverso, sua ausência e sua inerência nesse espaço 'outro'. [...] De modo que o idêntico é também o absolutamente outro, o absolutamente diferente, e a transparência equivale à opacidade".
Architektur und Baukultur: Reflexionen aus Praxis und Wissenschaft, 2010
Mit Hinsicht auf den Zweck dieser Festschrift möchte ich hier einen Beitrag leisten zu einem enge... more Mit Hinsicht auf den Zweck dieser Festschrift möchte ich hier einen Beitrag leisten zu einem engeren Dialog der Soziologie mit der Architektur und dem Städtebau, indem ich einige Überlegungen zu der folgenden Frage anstelle: Wie kann die Soziologie dem Architekten und dem Städtebauer in seiner beruflichen Praxis dienlich sein? Auf diese Frage gibt es mehrere Antworten, doch sollen hier insbesondere diejenigen genannt werden, welche mich bei meinen Forschungen zum sozialen Leben in den Straßen und Plätzen der Innenstadt São Paulos in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart geleitet haben. Es geht hier darum, einen kleinen „imaginären Spaziergang“ durch die Straßen und Plätze des Paulistaner Stadtzentrums zu unternehmen, bei dem diese Orte als empirische Beobachtungsräume dienen sollen, um dieser Frage nachzugehen. Eine bestimmte Ebene der vermittelnden Dimension des Alltagslebens in den Straßen und Plätzen soll hier analytisch in den Blick genommen werden: die alltägliche Nutzung der Straßen und Plätze des Paulistaner Zentrums, bei welcher sich alltäglich gelebte Muster des Körperverhaltens und der sozialen Interaktionen herausheben. Was können die Straßen und Plätze als soziokulturelle Räume Architekten und Städtebauern in dieser Hinsicht lehren? In dem hier gegebenen Rahmen werde ich zwei solcher Beiträge ansprechen, die am Ende den sozialwissenschaftlichen Charakter der Berufe des Architekten und des Städtebauers in der heutigen Welt erkennen lassen werden.
Social science research on social inequality in Latin America emphasizes the role that residentia... more Social science research on social inequality in Latin America emphasizes the role that residential distribution of social groups in urban space plays in the production and/or reproduction of asymmetries of social positioning there in conjunction with the acceleration of economic globalization in the 1990s. Meanwhile, spaces absolutely receptive to social diversity, such as public streets and squares in Latin American historical centers during the shop opening hours, are less studied. This paper presents the analysis of a Brazilian case, São Paulo's cathedral square, where I gathered ethnographic data on 39 occasions (Monday and Friday afternoons) in 2013. Applying particular dialectical and phenomenological perspectives, a Lefebvrean and Goffmanian one, I aim to answer how and why the bodily use pedestrians made of this place may interfere in the (re)production of social equality in São Paulo at this point in time. From this research, secular body-behavioral and moral inequalities emerge as important issues.
In this paper I summarize how a particular “(re-)reading” of the work by the French sociologist a... more In this paper I summarize how a particular “(re-)reading” of the work by the French sociologist and philosopher Henri Lefebvre may provide methodological contributions to contemporary research as to the role of time in the production/construction/constitution of urban space (depending on the theoretical approach respectively adopted). My (re-)reading chiefly approaches rhythmanalysis and its association with the regressive-progressive method. While the former focuses on an analytical differentiation of the sequential repetitions that permeate and envelop the human body in everyday life, the latter is an operational as well as interpretive approach for analytically identifying and conceptually explaining the possibilities of social transformation in varied empirically given research locations. My statement is that what I call regressive-progressive rhythmanalysis carries at least two major contributions for spatial-temporal researches on the generation of urban space – and here I am especially concerned with establishing a dialogue with some recent efforts to conceptualize spatial transformations in cities with the methodological aid of temporal categories.
Social science research on social inequality in Latin America emphasizes the role that residentia... more Social science research on social inequality in Latin America emphasizes the role that residential distribution of social groups in urban space plays in the production and/or reproduction of asymmetries of social positioning there in conjunction with the acceleration of economic globalization in the 1990s. Meanwhile, spaces absolutely receptive to social diversity, such as public streets and squares in Latin American historical centers during the shop opening hours, are less studied. This paper presents the analysis of a Brazilian case, São Paulo’s cathedral square, where I gathered ethnographic data on 39 occasions (Monday and Friday afternoons) in 2013. Applying particular dialectical and phenomenological perspectives, a Lefebvrean and Goffmanian one, I aim to answer how and why the bodily use pedestrians made of this place may interfere in the (re)production of social equality in São Paulo at this point in time. From this research, secular body-behavioral and moral inequalities e...
The alleged conceptual parsimony of Brazilian urban studies as of the 1980s is addressed by focus... more The alleged conceptual parsimony of Brazilian urban studies as of the 1980s is addressed by focusing on sociological conceptualizations of urban space in Brazil. These only seldom bring to the fore the ways in which Brazilian cities and/or metropolises differ from the North American and European urban contexts that inspire these theoretical conceptualizations. This becomes clear by pursuing from a Lefebvrian standpoint the sociological representations of urban space in the recent Brazilian debate (1998-2008) – thus disclosing a specific utopia implicit in this research. Resumo Este paper problematiza a suposta parsimonia conceitual dos estudos urbanos brasileiros da decada de 1980 em diante enfocando as conceituacoes sociologicas de espaco urbano no Brasil. E raro que essas revelem diferencas das cidades e/ou metropoles brasileiras em relacao aos contextos norte-americanos e europeus que costumam inspirar tais conceituacoes em termos teoricos. Basta rastrear, na perspectiva teorico...
Gostaria de propor que o projeto simultaneamente aproxima e distancia Restiffe da história da fot... more Gostaria de propor que o projeto simultaneamente aproxima e distancia Restiffe da história da fotografia de rua em São Paulo. No caso, da tradição difusa que tem sido forjada desde as primeiras vias, largos e ladeiras captadas por Militão Augusto de Azevedo entre 1860 e 1862 (e depois comparativamente em 1887).
Este estudo, integrante de outro maior (FREHSE, 2004), nasceu do anseio de encontrar uma via meto... more Este estudo, integrante de outro maior (FREHSE, 2004), nasceu do anseio de encontrar uma via metodológica para demonstrar de forma sintética a minha interpretação sobre o impacto cultural de transformações socioeconômicas e tecnológicas ligadas ao advento histórico da modernidade no espaço urbano paulistano ao longo do século XIX.
By considering that the immediacy of situations is precisely the temporal-spatial realm within wh... more By considering that the immediacy of situations is precisely the temporal-spatial realm within which the practice of architecture and urban design takes place on a daily basis—in the framework of the various social contacts involved in projecting, planning, and designing urban elements from scratch—I argue that Erving Goffman’s sociology of physical space bears two conceptual contributions, particularly for architects and urban designers. These inputs underlie the argumentative structure of a former critical review of mine about Goffman’s sociology of space originally conceived for social-scientific debate. Goffman’s hexadimensional sociological conception of space first shows that the daily professional interaction of architects and urban designers involuntarily bears a crucial spatial dimension that should not be ignored in favor of socially inclusive and just projects, plans, and designs. Second, physical space is only one spatial element among various others symbolically mobilized by human beings in their daily situations of interaction. Goffman suggests that physical space may simultaneously be a setting, a conditioning, a sign, and an idiom of social interaction. An awareness of this circumstance may help architects and urban designers not to essentialize the projected, planned, and designed physical space as “telling its own tale,” and hence to deliver socially better enrooted projects, plans, and designs.
Given that during the second half of the twentieth century São Paulo has become both the demograp... more Given that during the second half of the twentieth century São Paulo has become both the demographically largest South American metropolis and the second largest Latin American metropolitan region after Mexico City, this chapter hopes to shed a particular sociological light at the social history behind this sociospatial process of urban expansion. What may the everyday history of pedestrians’ body relations in the streets and squares of São Paulo’s historically oldest nucleus between 1950 and 2000 reveal about the production of public spaces therein amid the so-called metropolization during those decades?
Resumo Quais as contribuicoes que, para a conceituacao da diferenca no mundo urbano atual, podem ... more Resumo Quais as contribuicoes que, para a conceituacao da diferenca no mundo urbano atual, podem oferecer pesquisas sobre cidades latino-americanas orientadas pelo metodo regressivo-progressivo lefebvriano? Enfocar, sob tal prisma metodologico, em particular a historicidade das regras de comportamento corporal na Praca da Se da Sao Paulo tal qual investigada documental e etnograficamente entre 1997 e 2012, traz para o primeiro plano analitico um espaco definido: o corpo de quem e pedestre naquele logradouro. Esse carrega indicios de quatro contribuicoes conceituais do metodo para a pesquisa urbana latino-americana e os estudos urbanos internacionais em geral, quando o assunto e diferenca. O metodo incentiva a compreensao da complexa coexistencia de tempos historicos nos corpos tanto dos seres humanos quanto das edificacoes e equipamentos urbanos; favorece o reconhecimento da dimensao historica das contradicoes sociais implicitas no uso de ruas e pracas publicas; evidencia diferencas...
What does the category “time” disclose in conceptual terms about the spatialization of social phe... more What does the category “time” disclose in conceptual terms about the spatialization of social phenomena, the so-called production of space? By considering that since the 1950s sociology has embraced various theoretical frameworks for tackling the sociospatial process at hand, the paper answers this question in four analytic steps. Based on the ascertainment that (Section 1) these approaches address the temporalities of the respective research objects by means of definite spatialities, one peculiar history of sociology comes to the forefront. This history comprises (Section 2) four original ways of addressing the spatialization of social phenomena methodologically which were developed by Erving Goffman, Henri Lefebvre, Pierre Bourdieu, and Martina Löw. The seven temporal-spatial scales implicit in these accounts suggest (Section 3) that the production of space is a simultaneously poly-temporal and poly-spatial social phenomenon. Its temporalities and spatialities contain (Section 4) ...
The implicitness of historicity This chapter aims to contribute to the "refguration of spaces" ap... more The implicitness of historicity This chapter aims to contribute to the "refguration of spaces" approach by critically addressing the concept of historicity on which it relies. Assuming historicity as a "time determination" based on links between past, present, and future events (Weidenhaus 2015, 24), the issue concerns the historicity that underlies this fgurational approach to the so-called production of space, which in sociology summarizes the macro-and micro-social processes involved in the generation and/ or regeneration of space as a set of bodily and materially mediated social relations (Frehse 2020, 3-4). Since Karl Marx's pioneering conceptualization of societal historicity (Weidenhaus 2015, 194), various social scientists have developed their own approaches to the socially specifc rhythms of historic change in diferent societies. If we, against the backdrop of this debate, consider that the refguration of spaces was conceived as a "diagnosis of the present time" (Knoblauch 2017, 16-17, 381-398) that "makes it possible to explain the dynamics of contemporary societies" (Knoblauch and Löw 2017, 16), the historicity of the sociospatial process inquired by the approach becomes a conceptually unescapable issue. So far, however, the historicity of the refguration of spaces has only been addressed implicitly. By assuming the "acceleration of social life" as an overall empirical assessment, Hubert Knoblauch and Martina Löw (2017, 1) emphasize their conceptual commitment to Hartmut Rosa's (2005, 11) thesis on social acceleration as a historically speedier-than-before orientation of social change that particularizes "our present society." Indeed, Rosa's temporal diagnosis also corroborates alternative conceptualizations of the relationship between time and the production of space by authors who use the "refguration of spaces" approach
Sociedade como interação simbólica 1 Herbert Blumer Tradução: Caio Moraes Reis a Revisão Técnica:... more Sociedade como interação simbólica 1 Herbert Blumer Tradução: Caio Moraes Reis a Revisão Técnica: Fraya Frehse b Uma visão de sociedade humana como interação simbólica tem sido mais perseguida do que formulada. Indicações parciais e geralmente fragmentárias se encontram nos escritos de um número considerável de eminentes estudiosos, alguns do campo da sociologia, outros de fora. Dentre os primeiros, podemos
This article methodologically develops one theoretical issue regarding the sociological debate on... more This article methodologically develops one theoretical issue regarding the sociological debate on relational space: How do past, present and future times interfere in the relations between human bodies and in their interconnectedness with material and/or symbolic goods in places, by considering that space is generated through these relations? After demonstrating the absence of this issue in the debate, the article presents a methodology for analytically identifying and conceptually interpreting the relational space produced through historically relational time in relational bodies in places, with the aid of Henri Lefebvre’s dialectical concerns with everyday life and the production of space. In order to show the approach ‘in action’, the study focuses on the rules of pedestrians’ body conduct in the cathedral square of the Brazilian city of São Paulo in 2013–2014. Hence the approach is analytically complemented by Erving Goffman’s phenomenological approach to the bodily dimension of...
Resumo As ciências sociais dedicadas à desigualdade social nas cidades brasileiras ressaltam o pa... more Resumo As ciências sociais dedicadas à desigualdade social nas cidades brasileiras ressaltam o papel que a distribuição residencial dos grupos sociais no espaço urbano tem exercido na produção e/ou reprodução das assimetrias de posicionamento social, com a aceleração da globalização econômica desde a década de 1990. Mas o que ocorre em espaços receptivos à diversidade social como a Praça da Sé, em São Paulo, nos dias úteis da semana? Submeto dados etnográficos registrados em 39 tardes de segundas e sextas-feiras úteis em 2013 ao prisma metodológico dialético e fenomenológico lefebvriano e goffmaniano. Busco responder como e por que o uso que os pedestres fizeram corporalmente desse logradouro então pode interferir na (re)produção da desigualdade social na São Paulo desta segunda década de século XXI. Virão à tona, assim, seculares desigualdades comportamental-corporais e morais.
The article seeks to investigate urban phenomena in São Paulo’s 19th and 20th centuries by utiliz... more The article seeks to investigate urban phenomena in São Paulo’s 19th and 20th centuries by utilizing Henri Lefebvre’s concept of appropriation. Thus I focus on the relations between urban space(s) and its inhabitants, and the analysis of the city – usually perceived as space – becomes a spatio-temporal and relational analysis regarding dynamic practices, conflicts, etc. understood as urban phenomena. How did the inhabitants appropriate São Paulo? May we state special forms by comparing it to other Latin American cities of former times? How did the migrants arriving at the end of 19th century change old forms of living in the city? I conclude with remarks and critics on the potential of using the concept of appropriation in urban studies.
INTRODUÇÃO 4 PARTE I: MIRAGENS 24 1 Uma utopia sociológica recente de espaço urbano no Brasil 25 ... more INTRODUÇÃO 4 PARTE I: MIRAGENS 24 1 Uma utopia sociológica recente de espaço urbano no Brasil 25 2 Utopias (urbanas) do pensamento sociológico 43 PARTE II: APROXIMAÇÕES 60 3 O "uso do espaço" lefebvriano nos lugares públicos do centro da São Paulo contemporânea 61 4 O começo do fim da São Paulo caipira 82 PARTE III: ESPELHOS 150 5 Usos da rua 151 6 Troca de olhares: A sociologia urbana alemã de um ponto de vista brasileiro 169 7 A sociologia do espaço de Erving Goffman 188 PARTE IV: (RE)APROXIMAÇÕES 208 8 Os tempos (diferentes) do uso das praças da Sé em Lisboa e em São Paulo 209 9 Tempos no corpo, diferença "em e por" São Paulo: o método regressivoprogressivo 252 10 Quando os ritmos corporais dos pedestres nos espaços públicos urbanos revelam ritmos da urbanização 285 PARTE V: REFLEXOS 304 11 A rua no Brasil em questão (etnográfica) 305 12 Da desigualdade social nos espaços públicos centrais latinoamericanos 334 13 Espaço relacional através do tempo historicamente relacionalnos corpos dos pedestres de São Paulo 364 14 Da história cotidiana dos corpos dos pedestres no centro de São Paulo em meio à metropolização (1950-2000) 393 CONCLUSÃO 421 BIBLIOGRAFIA 424 ACERVOS ICONOGRÁFICOS 458 "O espelho? [...] Esta superfície pura e impura, quase material, quase irreal, faz aparecer diante do ego sua presença material; ela suscita seu inverso, sua ausência e sua inerência nesse espaço 'outro'. [...] De modo que o idêntico é também o absolutamente outro, o absolutamente diferente, e a transparência equivale à opacidade".
Architektur und Baukultur: Reflexionen aus Praxis und Wissenschaft, 2010
Mit Hinsicht auf den Zweck dieser Festschrift möchte ich hier einen Beitrag leisten zu einem enge... more Mit Hinsicht auf den Zweck dieser Festschrift möchte ich hier einen Beitrag leisten zu einem engeren Dialog der Soziologie mit der Architektur und dem Städtebau, indem ich einige Überlegungen zu der folgenden Frage anstelle: Wie kann die Soziologie dem Architekten und dem Städtebauer in seiner beruflichen Praxis dienlich sein? Auf diese Frage gibt es mehrere Antworten, doch sollen hier insbesondere diejenigen genannt werden, welche mich bei meinen Forschungen zum sozialen Leben in den Straßen und Plätzen der Innenstadt São Paulos in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart geleitet haben. Es geht hier darum, einen kleinen „imaginären Spaziergang“ durch die Straßen und Plätze des Paulistaner Stadtzentrums zu unternehmen, bei dem diese Orte als empirische Beobachtungsräume dienen sollen, um dieser Frage nachzugehen. Eine bestimmte Ebene der vermittelnden Dimension des Alltagslebens in den Straßen und Plätzen soll hier analytisch in den Blick genommen werden: die alltägliche Nutzung der Straßen und Plätze des Paulistaner Zentrums, bei welcher sich alltäglich gelebte Muster des Körperverhaltens und der sozialen Interaktionen herausheben. Was können die Straßen und Plätze als soziokulturelle Räume Architekten und Städtebauern in dieser Hinsicht lehren? In dem hier gegebenen Rahmen werde ich zwei solcher Beiträge ansprechen, die am Ende den sozialwissenschaftlichen Charakter der Berufe des Architekten und des Städtebauers in der heutigen Welt erkennen lassen werden.
Social science research on social inequality in Latin America emphasizes the role that residentia... more Social science research on social inequality in Latin America emphasizes the role that residential distribution of social groups in urban space plays in the production and/or reproduction of asymmetries of social positioning there in conjunction with the acceleration of economic globalization in the 1990s. Meanwhile, spaces absolutely receptive to social diversity, such as public streets and squares in Latin American historical centers during the shop opening hours, are less studied. This paper presents the analysis of a Brazilian case, São Paulo's cathedral square, where I gathered ethnographic data on 39 occasions (Monday and Friday afternoons) in 2013. Applying particular dialectical and phenomenological perspectives, a Lefebvrean and Goffmanian one, I aim to answer how and why the bodily use pedestrians made of this place may interfere in the (re)production of social equality in São Paulo at this point in time. From this research, secular body-behavioral and moral inequalities emerge as important issues.
In this paper I summarize how a particular “(re-)reading” of the work by the French sociologist a... more In this paper I summarize how a particular “(re-)reading” of the work by the French sociologist and philosopher Henri Lefebvre may provide methodological contributions to contemporary research as to the role of time in the production/construction/constitution of urban space (depending on the theoretical approach respectively adopted). My (re-)reading chiefly approaches rhythmanalysis and its association with the regressive-progressive method. While the former focuses on an analytical differentiation of the sequential repetitions that permeate and envelop the human body in everyday life, the latter is an operational as well as interpretive approach for analytically identifying and conceptually explaining the possibilities of social transformation in varied empirically given research locations. My statement is that what I call regressive-progressive rhythmanalysis carries at least two major contributions for spatial-temporal researches on the generation of urban space – and here I am especially concerned with establishing a dialogue with some recent efforts to conceptualize spatial transformations in cities with the methodological aid of temporal categories.
Social science research on social inequality in Latin America emphasizes the role that residentia... more Social science research on social inequality in Latin America emphasizes the role that residential distribution of social groups in urban space plays in the production and/or reproduction of asymmetries of social positioning there in conjunction with the acceleration of economic globalization in the 1990s. Meanwhile, spaces absolutely receptive to social diversity, such as public streets and squares in Latin American historical centers during the shop opening hours, are less studied. This paper presents the analysis of a Brazilian case, São Paulo’s cathedral square, where I gathered ethnographic data on 39 occasions (Monday and Friday afternoons) in 2013. Applying particular dialectical and phenomenological perspectives, a Lefebvrean and Goffmanian one, I aim to answer how and why the bodily use pedestrians made of this place may interfere in the (re)production of social equality in São Paulo at this point in time. From this research, secular body-behavioral and moral inequalities e...
The alleged conceptual parsimony of Brazilian urban studies as of the 1980s is addressed by focus... more The alleged conceptual parsimony of Brazilian urban studies as of the 1980s is addressed by focusing on sociological conceptualizations of urban space in Brazil. These only seldom bring to the fore the ways in which Brazilian cities and/or metropolises differ from the North American and European urban contexts that inspire these theoretical conceptualizations. This becomes clear by pursuing from a Lefebvrian standpoint the sociological representations of urban space in the recent Brazilian debate (1998-2008) – thus disclosing a specific utopia implicit in this research. Resumo Este paper problematiza a suposta parsimonia conceitual dos estudos urbanos brasileiros da decada de 1980 em diante enfocando as conceituacoes sociologicas de espaco urbano no Brasil. E raro que essas revelem diferencas das cidades e/ou metropoles brasileiras em relacao aos contextos norte-americanos e europeus que costumam inspirar tais conceituacoes em termos teoricos. Basta rastrear, na perspectiva teorico...
Gostaria de propor que o projeto simultaneamente aproxima e distancia Restiffe da história da fot... more Gostaria de propor que o projeto simultaneamente aproxima e distancia Restiffe da história da fotografia de rua em São Paulo. No caso, da tradição difusa que tem sido forjada desde as primeiras vias, largos e ladeiras captadas por Militão Augusto de Azevedo entre 1860 e 1862 (e depois comparativamente em 1887).
Este estudo, integrante de outro maior (FREHSE, 2004), nasceu do anseio de encontrar uma via meto... more Este estudo, integrante de outro maior (FREHSE, 2004), nasceu do anseio de encontrar uma via metodológica para demonstrar de forma sintética a minha interpretação sobre o impacto cultural de transformações socioeconômicas e tecnológicas ligadas ao advento histórico da modernidade no espaço urbano paulistano ao longo do século XIX.
By considering that the immediacy of situations is precisely the temporal-spatial realm within wh... more By considering that the immediacy of situations is precisely the temporal-spatial realm within which the practice of architecture and urban design takes place on a daily basis—in the framework of the various social contacts involved in projecting, planning, and designing urban elements from scratch—I argue that Erving Goffman’s sociology of physical space bears two conceptual contributions, particularly for architects and urban designers. These inputs underlie the argumentative structure of a former critical review of mine about Goffman’s sociology of space originally conceived for social-scientific debate. Goffman’s hexadimensional sociological conception of space first shows that the daily professional interaction of architects and urban designers involuntarily bears a crucial spatial dimension that should not be ignored in favor of socially inclusive and just projects, plans, and designs. Second, physical space is only one spatial element among various others symbolically mobilized by human beings in their daily situations of interaction. Goffman suggests that physical space may simultaneously be a setting, a conditioning, a sign, and an idiom of social interaction. An awareness of this circumstance may help architects and urban designers not to essentialize the projected, planned, and designed physical space as “telling its own tale,” and hence to deliver socially better enrooted projects, plans, and designs.
Given that during the second half of the twentieth century São Paulo has become both the demograp... more Given that during the second half of the twentieth century São Paulo has become both the demographically largest South American metropolis and the second largest Latin American metropolitan region after Mexico City, this chapter hopes to shed a particular sociological light at the social history behind this sociospatial process of urban expansion. What may the everyday history of pedestrians’ body relations in the streets and squares of São Paulo’s historically oldest nucleus between 1950 and 2000 reveal about the production of public spaces therein amid the so-called metropolization during those decades?
Resumo Quais as contribuicoes que, para a conceituacao da diferenca no mundo urbano atual, podem ... more Resumo Quais as contribuicoes que, para a conceituacao da diferenca no mundo urbano atual, podem oferecer pesquisas sobre cidades latino-americanas orientadas pelo metodo regressivo-progressivo lefebvriano? Enfocar, sob tal prisma metodologico, em particular a historicidade das regras de comportamento corporal na Praca da Se da Sao Paulo tal qual investigada documental e etnograficamente entre 1997 e 2012, traz para o primeiro plano analitico um espaco definido: o corpo de quem e pedestre naquele logradouro. Esse carrega indicios de quatro contribuicoes conceituais do metodo para a pesquisa urbana latino-americana e os estudos urbanos internacionais em geral, quando o assunto e diferenca. O metodo incentiva a compreensao da complexa coexistencia de tempos historicos nos corpos tanto dos seres humanos quanto das edificacoes e equipamentos urbanos; favorece o reconhecimento da dimensao historica das contradicoes sociais implicitas no uso de ruas e pracas publicas; evidencia diferencas...
What does the category “time” disclose in conceptual terms about the spatialization of social phe... more What does the category “time” disclose in conceptual terms about the spatialization of social phenomena, the so-called production of space? By considering that since the 1950s sociology has embraced various theoretical frameworks for tackling the sociospatial process at hand, the paper answers this question in four analytic steps. Based on the ascertainment that (Section 1) these approaches address the temporalities of the respective research objects by means of definite spatialities, one peculiar history of sociology comes to the forefront. This history comprises (Section 2) four original ways of addressing the spatialization of social phenomena methodologically which were developed by Erving Goffman, Henri Lefebvre, Pierre Bourdieu, and Martina Löw. The seven temporal-spatial scales implicit in these accounts suggest (Section 3) that the production of space is a simultaneously poly-temporal and poly-spatial social phenomenon. Its temporalities and spatialities contain (Section 4) ...
The implicitness of historicity This chapter aims to contribute to the "refguration of spaces" ap... more The implicitness of historicity This chapter aims to contribute to the "refguration of spaces" approach by critically addressing the concept of historicity on which it relies. Assuming historicity as a "time determination" based on links between past, present, and future events (Weidenhaus 2015, 24), the issue concerns the historicity that underlies this fgurational approach to the so-called production of space, which in sociology summarizes the macro-and micro-social processes involved in the generation and/ or regeneration of space as a set of bodily and materially mediated social relations (Frehse 2020, 3-4). Since Karl Marx's pioneering conceptualization of societal historicity (Weidenhaus 2015, 194), various social scientists have developed their own approaches to the socially specifc rhythms of historic change in diferent societies. If we, against the backdrop of this debate, consider that the refguration of spaces was conceived as a "diagnosis of the present time" (Knoblauch 2017, 16-17, 381-398) that "makes it possible to explain the dynamics of contemporary societies" (Knoblauch and Löw 2017, 16), the historicity of the sociospatial process inquired by the approach becomes a conceptually unescapable issue. So far, however, the historicity of the refguration of spaces has only been addressed implicitly. By assuming the "acceleration of social life" as an overall empirical assessment, Hubert Knoblauch and Martina Löw (2017, 1) emphasize their conceptual commitment to Hartmut Rosa's (2005, 11) thesis on social acceleration as a historically speedier-than-before orientation of social change that particularizes "our present society." Indeed, Rosa's temporal diagnosis also corroborates alternative conceptualizations of the relationship between time and the production of space by authors who use the "refguration of spaces" approach
Sociedade como interação simbólica 1 Herbert Blumer Tradução: Caio Moraes Reis a Revisão Técnica:... more Sociedade como interação simbólica 1 Herbert Blumer Tradução: Caio Moraes Reis a Revisão Técnica: Fraya Frehse b Uma visão de sociedade humana como interação simbólica tem sido mais perseguida do que formulada. Indicações parciais e geralmente fragmentárias se encontram nos escritos de um número considerável de eminentes estudiosos, alguns do campo da sociologia, outros de fora. Dentre os primeiros, podemos
This article methodologically develops one theoretical issue regarding the sociological debate on... more This article methodologically develops one theoretical issue regarding the sociological debate on relational space: How do past, present and future times interfere in the relations between human bodies and in their interconnectedness with material and/or symbolic goods in places, by considering that space is generated through these relations? After demonstrating the absence of this issue in the debate, the article presents a methodology for analytically identifying and conceptually interpreting the relational space produced through historically relational time in relational bodies in places, with the aid of Henri Lefebvre’s dialectical concerns with everyday life and the production of space. In order to show the approach ‘in action’, the study focuses on the rules of pedestrians’ body conduct in the cathedral square of the Brazilian city of São Paulo in 2013–2014. Hence the approach is analytically complemented by Erving Goffman’s phenomenological approach to the bodily dimension of...
Resumo As ciências sociais dedicadas à desigualdade social nas cidades brasileiras ressaltam o pa... more Resumo As ciências sociais dedicadas à desigualdade social nas cidades brasileiras ressaltam o papel que a distribuição residencial dos grupos sociais no espaço urbano tem exercido na produção e/ou reprodução das assimetrias de posicionamento social, com a aceleração da globalização econômica desde a década de 1990. Mas o que ocorre em espaços receptivos à diversidade social como a Praça da Sé, em São Paulo, nos dias úteis da semana? Submeto dados etnográficos registrados em 39 tardes de segundas e sextas-feiras úteis em 2013 ao prisma metodológico dialético e fenomenológico lefebvriano e goffmaniano. Busco responder como e por que o uso que os pedestres fizeram corporalmente desse logradouro então pode interferir na (re)produção da desigualdade social na São Paulo desta segunda década de século XXI. Virão à tona, assim, seculares desigualdades comportamental-corporais e morais.
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