Papers by Frantisek Veselovsky
Research Square (Research Square), Nov 22, 2022
Soil solution chemistry depends largely on mineralogy and organic matter properties of soil horiz... more Soil solution chemistry depends largely on mineralogy and organic matter properties of soil horizons with which they interact. Differing lithologies within a given catchment area can in uence variability in soil cation exchange capacities and affect solute transport. Zero-tension and tension lysimeters were used to evaluate fast transport of solutes in the topsoil vs. slow diffusional matrix ow at the subsoil of three contrasting lithology catchments in a mid-elevation mountain forest. Our aim was to test the feasibility of lysimeters hydrochemical data as a gauge for legacy subsoil pollution. Due to contrasting lithologies, atmospheric legacy pollution prevailing at the soil-regolith interface is differently yet consistently re ected by beryllium, lead, and chromium soil solution concentrations of the three catchments. Geochemical (dis)equilibrium between the soil and soil matrix water governed the hydrochemistry of the soil solutions at the time of collection, potentially contributing to decreased dissolved concentrations with increased depths at sites with higher soil pH. A complementary isotopic data constrained potential seasonal responses and pointed to su ciently long water-regolith interactions as to permit important seasonal contributions of groundwater enriched in chemical species to the topsoil levels. Our study also re ects subsoil equilibration with atmospheric solutes deposited at the topsoil, and thus provides guidance for evaluating legacy pollution in soil pro les derived from contrasting lithology.
E3S web of conferences, 2019
Three small forested catchments in the Czech Republic, each underlain by chemically contrasting s... more Three small forested catchments in the Czech Republic, each underlain by chemically contrasting silicate rocks, were investigated with focus on long-term atmospheric deposition of S, and pools and fluxes of Ca and Mg. Pools of Ca and Mg reflected geological substrate (granite: Ca, Mg poor, amphibolite: Ca, Mg rich, serpentinite: Ca poor, Mg rich). Longterm fluxes of S, Ca and Mg were tightly connected.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Feb 8, 2023
Soil solution chemistry depends largely on mineralogy and organic matter properties of soil horiz... more Soil solution chemistry depends largely on mineralogy and organic matter properties of soil horizons with which they interact. Differing lithologies within a given catchment area can influence variability in soil cation exchange capacities and affect solute transport. Zero-tension and tension lysimeters were used to evaluate the fast transport of solutes in the topsoil vs. slow diffusional matrix flow at the subsoil of three contrasting lithology catchments in a mid-elevation mountain forest. Our aim was to test the feasibility of lysimeters' hydrochemical data as a gauge for legacy subsoil pollution. Due to contrasting lithologies, atmospheric legacy pollution prevailing at the soil-regolith interface is differently yet consistently reflected by beryllium, lead, and chromium soil solution concentrations of the three catchments. Geochemical (dis)equilibrium between the soil and soil matrix water governed the hydrochemistry of the soil solutions at the time of collection, potentially contributing to decreased dissolved concentrations with increased depths at sites with higher soil pH. A complementary isotopic δ 18 O runoff generation model constrained potential seasonal responses and pointed to sufficiently long water-regolith interactions as to permit important seasonal contributions of groundwater enriched in chemical species to the topsoil levels. Our study also reflects subsoil equilibration with atmospheric solutes deposited at the topsoil and thus provides guidance for evaluating legacy pollution in soil profiles derived from contrasting lithology.
Soil, Jul 31, 2019
To interpret spatial patterns of soil nutrient partitioning and compare these with runoff in a te... more To interpret spatial patterns of soil nutrient partitioning and compare these with runoff in a temperate forest with a history of acidification-related spruce die-back, the chemistry of mineral soil solutions were collected by suction lysimeters and evaluated relative to concurrent loads of anions and cations in precipitation. Lysimeters nest were installed in the 33-ha U dvou loucek (UDL) mountain catchment at different topographic positions (hilltops, slopes and valley). Following equilibration, monthly soil solution samples were collected over a 2-year period. In the vicinity of each lysimeter nest, soil pits were excavated for constraining soil chemistry. Soil solutions were analyzed for SO4 2-, NO3 -, NH4 + , Na+, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and total dissolved Al concentrations and organic matter (DOC), and pH. For a P release estimation, ammonium oxalate extraction of soil samples was performed. Comparison of soil water data with other previously acidified monitored European sites indicated that environmentally relevant chemical species at UDL had concentrations similar to median concentrations observed in sites with similar bedrock lithology and vegetation cover. Cation exchange capacity (CEC ≤ 58 meq kg -1 ) and base saturation (BS ≤ 13 %), however, were significantly lower at UDL, documenting incomplete recovery from acidification. Spatial trends and seasonality in soil water chemistry support belowground inputs from mineral-stabilized legacy pollutants. Overall, the soil-solution data suggest the system is out of balance chemically, relative to the present loads of anions and cations in precipitation. Higher concentrations of SO4 2-, NO3 -, and base cations in runoff than in soil solutions are explained by lateral surficial leaching of pollutants and nutrients from shallow soil horizons. Nearly 30 years after peak acidification, UDL exhibited similar soil solution concentrations of SO4 2 , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ as median values at the Pan-European International Cooperative Program (ICP) Forest sites, yet NO3 -concentrations were an order of magnitude higher. In the mid-20th century, high anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced sulfuric and nitric acids (H2SO4, HNO3) that affected forest ecosystems via wet and dry deposition. The largest point sources of these
Mineralium Deposita, Mar 28, 2023
Black shales may serve as an important source of metals such as Co, Ni, or As, largely due to ano... more Black shales may serve as an important source of metals such as Co, Ni, or As, largely due to anoxic to euxinic conditions in association with high concentrations of sulfur leading to efficient scavenging and transport of metals from seawater into the seafloor sediment. We report on an unusual type of Au mineralization newly discovered in Ediacaran trench-slope black shales in the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. The Au enrichment is related to the formation of a quartz-sulfide vein system and a progressive evolution of ore-forming fluids with decreasing temperature, from Sb-to As-rich to final precipitation of native gold from silica and Au-bearing low-temperature hydrothermal colloidal solutions. The hydrothermal nature of these solutions is also documented by Li contents and isotope compositions which differ markedly between barren black shales and those carrying significant late-stage quartz-rich veins. The structural relationships and orientation of the associated quartz veins point to a close connection between vein emplacement and high heat flow in response to Ordovician rifting, and breakup of the northern margin of Gondwana, and opening of the Rheic Ocean. This triggered metal and sulfur remobilization, including Au, from the associated Neoproterozoic-Cambrian volcanosedimentary successions. The documented Au mineralization and its association with the Ordovician rift-related magmatic activity is different from the widespread Variscan Au occurrences in the Bohemian Massif. Our study thus provides a new genetic model potentially important for future exploration of Au also in other terrains underlain by a rifted Cadomian basement.
Journal of Geosciences, 2003
The paper presents biographic data of persons, after whom new primary minerals discovered at Jách... more The paper presents biographic data of persons, after whom new primary minerals discovered at Jáchymov were named (K. Sternberg, W. H. Miller, G. A. Krutov), as well as the recently discovered secondary minerals (J. Vajdák, J. Èejka, J. venek). Biographies of scientists who described new minerals from Jáchymov are given in the following part (F. E. Brückmann, I. Born, A. G. Werner, H. Dauber, G. A. Kenngott, W. Sartorius v. Waltershausen, F. Sandberger, R. Nováèek, R. A. Vinogradova). Biographies of persons who significantly contributed to mineralogy of the Jáchymov ore district are presented in the last section (F. Babánek, J. tìp, R. Zückert, R. P. Dubinkina, R. V. Geceva, F. Mròa, M. Komárek, D. Pavlù). This contribution is a continuation of the 1997 article Who was who? In names of secondary minerals discovered in Jáchymov [561] dealing exclusively with secondary minerals.
EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2018
The paper presents biographic data of persons, after whom new primary minerals discovered at Jách... more The paper presents biographic data of persons, after whom new primary minerals discovered at Jáchymov were named (K. Sternberg, W. H. Miller, G. A. Krutov), as well as the recently discovered secondary minerals (J. Vajdák, J. Èejka, J. venek). Biographies of scientists who described new minerals from Jáchymov are given in the following part (F. E. Brückmann, I. Born, A. G. Werner, H. Dauber, G. A. Kenngott, W. Sartorius v. Waltershausen, F. Sandberger, R. Nováèek, R. A. Vinogradova). Biographies of persons who significantly contributed to mineralogy of the Jáchymov ore district are presented in the last section (F. Babánek, J. tìp, R. Zückert, R. P. Dubinkina, R. V. Geceva, F. Mròa, M. Komárek, D. Pavlù). This contribution is a continuation of the 1997 article Who was who? In names of secondary minerals discovered in Jáchymov [561] dealing exclusively with secondary minerals.
Environmental Science & Technology, 2021
In highly industrialized, densely populated parts of Central Europe, mobilization of legacy Zn po... more In highly industrialized, densely populated parts of Central Europe, mobilization of legacy Zn pollution from forest ecosystems may negatively affect the quality of water resources. To test this hypothesis, we determined the 66Zn/64Zn isotope ratios of 15 Zn reservoirs and fluxes in an acidified, spruce die-back affected mountain-slope catchment in northern Czech Republic. The δ66Zn values of precipitation, organic horizon, and runoff were statistically indistinguishable. In contrast, δ66Zn values of bedrock orthogneiss and mineral soil were significantly different from δ66Zn values of runoff. The magnitude of within-site Zn isotope fractionations appeared to be relatively small. Despite the large potential source of Zn in bedrock, runoff exported mostly young pollutant Zn that had been temporarily stored in the organic horizon. This conclusion was corroborated by comparing Zn input-output mass balances in the polluted northern catchment and in a relatively unpolluted catchment situated 250 km to the south. Seven-times higher Zn export via runoff at the northern site was controlled by a combination of 10-times higher atmospheric Zn input and five-times higher DOC leaching, compared to the southern site. In industrial areas, atmospherically deposited Zn is leached from headwater catchments in a direct analogy to leaching of highly toxic pollutant Pb.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2020
The Upper Silesian basin belongs to the largest industrial pollution sources in Europe and the ci... more The Upper Silesian basin belongs to the largest industrial pollution sources in Europe and the city of Ostrava ranks among the worst-polluted urban areas in the European Union. To assess temporal and spatial trends in atmospheric pollution, we determined concentrations of S, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Al in snow in downtown Ostrava and at the Lysa Hora Mt. (LH), situated 33 km southeast. Snowpack surfaces were sampled in February 2011/2012, 2018, and 2019. At LH, we collected snow samples at four elevations (700, 900, 1100, and 1300 m) in order to quantify mountain slope gradients in the pollution that, in turn, might reflect vertical stratification of air masses in a region frequently affected by temperature inversions. 206 Pb/ 207 Pb and 208 Pb/ 207 Pb isotope ratios and back trajectories of air masses were used for pollution source apportionment. In year 1, there were clear-cut upslope decreases in concentrations of soluble pollutants. By year 3, the concentrations of soluble pollutants at LH decreased by 90% and the concentration gradients ceased to exist. Because annual precipitation totals at LH increase upslope by 75%, rates of deposition of soluble pollutants are now higher at the summit than those at the foot of the mountain. Hydrological control of deposition rates of soluble pollutants thus plays a more important role under lower pollution levels. Concentrations of soluble pollutants in Ostrava were up to 36 times higher compared with those at LH and also decreased by 90%. Lead isotopes indicated the continuing presence of gasoline Pb in the atmosphere, despite its ban in 2000.
Chemical Geology, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Hydrological Processes, 2019
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) originating in peatlands can be mineralized to carbon dioxide (CO2... more Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) originating in peatlands can be mineralized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), two potent greenhouse gases. Knowledge of the dynamics of DOC export via run‐off is needed for a more robust quantification of C cycling in peatland ecosystems, a prerequisite for realistic predictions of future climate change. We studied dispersion pathways of DOC in a mountain‐top peat bog in the Czech Republic (Central Europe), using a dual isotope approach. Although δ13CDOC values made it possible to link exported DOC with its within‐bog source, δ18OH2O values of precipitation and run‐off helped to understand run‐off generation. Our 2‐year DOC–H2O isotope monitoring was complemented by a laboratory peat incubation study generating an experimental time series of δ13CDOC values. DOC concentrations in run‐off during high‐flow periods were 20–30 mg L−1. The top 2 cm of the peat profile, composed of decaying green moss, contained isotopically lighter C than deeper pea...
CATENA, 2019
In the near future, climate change will increasingly affect export of carbon (C) from peatlands. ... more In the near future, climate change will increasingly affect export of carbon (C) from peatlands. Terminal mineralization of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a source of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, CO 2 , and methane, CH 4 ) for the atmosphere, and may contribute to climatic warming. Quantitative understanding of sources, dispersion pathways, and degradation of DOC produced in peat bogs is important for predictions of global change dynamics. Here we explore the potential of combining C isotope ratios of isotopically stratified, 210 Pbdated peat deposits and C isotope ratios of DOC exported via runoff to determine the depth and age of the predominant DOC source. In a poorly drained, Sphagnum-derived peat bog in the Czech Republic, δ 13 C values of bulk peat increased downcore to a depth of 10 cm. The C isotope signatures of fresh DOC and bulk peat differ only insignificantly, because C isotope changes in maturating peat require multiple microbial modifications of the organic matter taking place over relatively long time periods. Based on 41 samplings of runoff, 70% of exported DOC originated from peat substrate 1 to 10 years old, 2-10 cm deep. Recently photosynthesized DOC (< 1 year old) contributed about 5% to runoff DOC, whereas approximately 25% of exported DOC was derived from peat layers older than 10 years. Because biogenic methane at the study site contained isotopically extremely light C (δ 13 C values of -64.2 to -53.2‰), it would seem reasonable to expect residual DOC following partial decomposition to become isotopically heavier. A short-term laboratory incubation of wet peat samples from four depths at mid-summer temperatures indicated more complicated δ 13 C systematics. The initial limited amount of DOC in the leachate was isotopically heavy, compared to bulk peat, but after 18 days δ 13 C DOC became lower, converging to the C isotope signature of bulk peat. Such δ 13 C systematics can be explained by multi-step isotope effects associated with different reaction rates during substrate decomposition. Limitations of using the combination of within-bog δ 13 C systematics and 210 Pb dating of recent peat accretion are discussed. Horizontal heterogeneity in substrate C isotope signatures is one of the main sources of uncertainty of this approach to DOC source apportionment in peaty soils. 2006). Mineralization of DOC is dominated by heterotrophic aerobic
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Papers by Frantisek Veselovsky