Transport of animals handling, welfare by Francisco Ernesto Bernal
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 2018
A B S T R A C T Pre-loading handling and conditions of transport are related to welfare, disease ... more A B S T R A C T Pre-loading handling and conditions of transport are related to welfare, disease risk and product quality of production animals. These steps continue to be one of the major animal management problems in Brazil. This study evaluated the effects of different types of pre-loading handling and road transport times on the haema-tological and biochemical traits of cattle. Eighteen male cattle were submitted to three travel times (24, 48 and 72 h) in a truck soon after load using different types of pre-loading handling: traditional (rough handling), training (gentle handling) and use of flags to movement cattle. Haematological traits, blood biochemical measures as well as blood and faecal cortisol were analysed in order to assess animal welfare and physiological status. The traditional management showed to be more stressful, also had animals with a greater number of neutrophils and lower numbers of lymphocytes than handling with flags, showing that animals submitted to more stressful situations can have compromised immune system. Serum aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were within the reference levels and when taken together with increased creatine kinase patterns observed indicate muscle damage in traditional management. Decrease in glucose concentrations over time from traditional management to flag management was observed, while fructosamine was increased in traditional management with 72 h of travel. When taken together, all reported factors, immune, enzymatic, energetic and hormonal, indicate that the quality of pre-loading handling and time of transport were determinant for animal welfare, its homeostatic balance and sanitary conditions.
Sena Brunel, H.S., Dallago, B.S.L., Bezerra de Almeida, A.M., Zorzan de Assis, A., Calzada, R.J.B., Brasileiro de Alvarenga, A.B., Menezes, A.M., Barbosa, J.P., Lopes, P.R., González, F.H.D., McManus C., Broom, D.M. and Bernal, F.E.M.
Papers by Francisco Ernesto Bernal
PLOS ONE, 2020
The goal of this research was to evaluate the microclimate (temperature, relative humidity and EC... more The goal of this research was to evaluate the microclimate (temperature, relative humidity and ECI-enthalpy comfort index) of commercial loads of broiler chickens at different transport distances: Dist15 (15 km on average) and Dist90 (90 km on average) in the summer and winter seasons and their effects on the production parameters body weight difference (BWD), mortality (%) and bruising prevalence (%). Twelve broiler loads were monitored using dataloggers to record temperature and humidity, with a total of 24 target crates per load. The experiment followed a factorial design [2 seasons (rainy and dry) × 2 distances (Dist15 and Dist90)] with a randomized complete block arrangement, 3 sexes (all males, all females, or mixed shipments) and one shipment per combination. BWD had a heterogeneous distribution throughout the load, and this distribution was not significantly correlated with the mean ECI measured during transport at 12 positions along the load. In terms of comfort, summer is the most critical period for broiler transport. In the interaction between rainy season and Dist90, the highest ECI was scored in the lethal zone (where physiological mechanisms are not enough to control body temperature). Mortality during the rainy season was not significantly different between distances. However, during the dry season, mortality was twice as high as broilers that travelled for 15 km. The prevalence of bruising on carcasses was not affected by the interaction between season and distance. As we know, broiler chicken performance, during transport, can be also related to road conditions, being hard to evaluate the real impact of seasons and distances on animal welfare. Load microclimate can compromise broiler chicken welfare during transport and it does not necessary reflect significant losses pre and post-slaughter.
Viscosidade do Sangue como Parâmetro de Diagnóstico da Síndrome Ascítica em Linhagens de Frangos de Corte com Diferentes Suscetibilidade
Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola
O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o desenvolvimento de ascites em duas linhagens diferente... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o desenvolvimento de ascites em duas linhagens diferentes de frangos de corte, Hubbard e Pescoço-pelado, através da variação da viscosidade do sangue. As aves foram criadas até 45 dias de idade em duas temperaturas ambiente diferentes (termoneutra e fria) e com dieta de ração à base de milho e farelo de soja, peletizada e de alta energia. Aos 28 e 45 dias de idade, amostras de 8 mL de sangue foram obtidas para determinação da viscosidade aparente em um viscosímetro de cilindros concêntricos da marca Brookfield, modelo LVDII+ e para determinação do hematócrito. Aos 28 dias de idade foram verificadas algumas ocorrências de ascite nas aves da linhagem Hubbard criadas à temperatura ambiente fria, e aos 45 dias de idade, todos os frangos de corte dessa linhagem criados no ambiente frio apresentaram ascite. A linhagem Pescoço-pelado foi resistente ao desenvolvimento de ascite em todas as idades e temperaturas ambiente. A análise dos resultados da v...
Physiological Parameters in Different Breeds of Rams as a Measure of Adaptation to Environmental Conditions in the Federal District-Brazil
International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances
Revista Brasileira de Ciência Veterinária
Efeito da luz ultravioleta na eclodibilidade e viabilidade de pintos provenientes de ovos férteis... more Efeito da luz ultravioleta na eclodibilidade e viabilidade de pintos provenientes de ovos férteis sujos* Effect of ultraviolet light in hatchability and viability of chicks from dirty fertile eggs
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
Flooded areas of reservoirs and artificial lakes have been increasingly used for fish production;... more Flooded areas of reservoirs and artificial lakes have been increasingly used for fish production; however, the waste generated by aquaculture has become a concern for the sustainable development of this activity. One of the main strategies adopted by management and regulatory agencies is the use of hydrodynamic models that calculate the carrying or nutrient load capacity of a particular water body and the effect of fish farming. These models are precise in the development of optimal strategies for feeding and waste calculation. This review paper addresses this topic and describes the methodology developed for the analysis and simulation of the carrying capacity for fish production, based on the integration of the Fish-PrFEQ nutritional bioenergetic model and the hydrodynamic model of Dillon & Rigler. This methodology allows evaluating the real contribution of aquaculture waste and assists in the planning and management of aquaculture in these aquatic environments, besides enabling and encouraging producers and the aquaculture industry to use fish food with better nutritional quality and lower environmental impact. Index terms: hydrodynamic modeling, mass balance, nutritional bioenergetics, solid waste, sustainable aquaculture. Modelagem matemática para gestão da capacidade de suporte de empreendimentos aquícolas em lagos e reservatórios Resumo-Áreas inundadas de reservatórios e lagos artificiais estão sendo cada vez mais utilizadas para a produção de peixes; contudo, os resíduos lançados pela aquicultura tornaram-se uma preocupação para o desenvolvimento sustentável desta atividade. Uma das principais estratégias adotadas pelos órgãos gestores e fiscalizadores consiste no uso de modelos hidrodinâmicos que calculam a capacidade de suporte ou de carga de nutrientes de um determinado corpo hídrico e a influência dos cultivos de peixes. Esses modelos são precisos no desenvolvimento de estratégias ideais de alimentação e cálculo de resíduos. Este trabalho de revisão aborda esta temática e traz uma descrição da metodologia desenvolvida para análise e simulação da capacidade de suporte para produção de pescados, baseada na integração do modelo bioenergético nutricional "Fish-PrFEQ" com o modelo hidrodinâmico de Dillon & Rigler. Esta metodologia permite avaliar a real contribuição de resíduos aquícolas e auxilia no planejamento e na gestão da aquicultura nestes ambientes aquáticos, além de possibilitar e incentivar que os produtores e a indústria aquícola utilizem rações de melhor qualidade nutricional e menor impacto ambiental. Termos para indexação: modelagem hidrodinâmica, balanço de massa, bioenergética nutricional, resíduos sólidos, aquicultura sustentável.
Archives of Veterinary Science, 2016
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da ingestão de ractopamina nas concentrações 0 pp... more Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da ingestão de ractopamina nas concentrações 0 ppm (controle), 10 ppm, 20 ppm e 40 ppm na ração, sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos e imunológicos, por meio da análise dos parâmetros hematológicos e da concentração sérica de cortisol e lactato, em 80 tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) da linhagem GIFT, com peso médio de 500 gramas, distribuídas aleatoriamente em 16 caixas d'água, com capacidade para 500 litros, com a densidade de 5 animais. Retirando-se ao dia 0 1 animal de cada caixa e cada 20 dias, 2 peixes por caixa, totalizando 8 peixes de cada tratamento. Coletaram-se amostras de sangue para dosagem de cortisol, lactato e parâmetros hematológicos (contagem de hemácias, leucócitos, proteínas totais - PPT, volume globular – VG, hemoglobina. O lactato apresentou uma diminuição significativa (p<0,05) nos dois tempos de coleta com 10 ppm (3,79 mmol/L aos 20 dias e 1,58 mmol/L aos 40 dias) e quando comparado ao controle (4,61...
Ciencia Animal Brasileira, Jun 29, 2014
This study compared the adaptation traits in common crosses of crossbred dairy cattle in central ... more This study compared the adaptation traits in common crosses of crossbred dairy cattle in central Brazil. Twenty animals of each of three genetic groups were used: zebu (Bos indicus), Simmental x Zebu (SZ) and Holstein x Zebu (HZ). The test measured variations in rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) of animals in the shade and after exposure to the sun, as well as mean daily milk production throughout the lactation period. The procedure was repeated three times. There were significant interactions between test group and genetic group for the traits investigated and the
DINAMIC OF NATURAL INFECTION IN NEWBORN CALVES EXPOSED TO BY Babesia bigemina AS DETECTED BY POLIMERASE REACTION CHAIN DINÂMICA DA INFECÇÃO NATURAL POR Babesia bigemina EM BEZERROS A PARTIR DO NASCIMENTO DETECTADO PELA REAÇÃO EM CADEIA DA POLIMERASE
ABSTRACT With the objetive of using PCR to study the dynamic of natural infection caused by Babes... more ABSTRACT With the objetive of using PCR to study the dynamic of natural infection caused by Babesia bigemina in calves livestock in extensive system, 266 samples of blood were collected from a group of 37 calves from birth to approximately 165 days old. The samples were collected with an average intervale of 19 days and distributed according to age 0 to 15 days old, 16 to 30 days and successively until 165 days. Out of the total of the 266 samples, 116 (43.60%) were PCR positive. The reaction detected the presence of the parasite in all the intervals of collection and most of the prime infection, 12 in 37 (32.43%) were detected in the period between 31 and 45 days. Out of the 37 calves analysed, only one presented a positive PCR result within the two groups aged under 31 days. This animal was two days old at the moment of the collection. This result suggest a case of transplacentary transmission of Babesia bigemina.KEY WORD: Babesia bigemina, bovine, infection, PCR. Com o objetivo de estudar por PCR a dinâmica da infecção natural da Babesia bigemina em bezerros criados em sistema extensivo, foram colhidas 266 amostras de sangue de um grupo de 37 bezerros, a partir do nascimento até aproximadamente 165 dias de vida, com intervalo médio de 19 dias entre as colheitas. Distribuíram-se as amostras de acordo com os grupos de diferentes faixas etárias (entre 0 e 15 dias, entre 16 e 30 dias e assim sucessivamente até 165 dias). Do total de 266 amostras, 116 (43,60%) mostraram-se positivas para a PCR. A reação foi capaz de detectar a presença do parasito em todos os intervalos das colheitas e registrou-se o maior número de primo-infecções – 12 em 37 (32,43%) – no período de 31 a 45 dias. Dos 37 bezerros estudados, apenas um apresentou resultado da PCR positivo nos dois grupos de faixa etária inferior a 31 dias. Este animal apresentava dois dias de vida no momento da colheita, sugerindo um caso de transmissão transplacentária de B. bigemina.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Babesia bigemina, bovino, infecção, PCR.
Blood Viscosity as Diagnostic Parameter for Ascites in Broiler Chickens Strains of Different Susceptibility
Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola
ABSTRACT
Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 2010
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the African swine fever (ASF) outbreak that began in 1978 in... more The aim of this paper is to evaluate the African swine fever (ASF) outbreak that began in 1978 in Paracambi municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and the steps taken by the Brazilian authorities to eradicate the disease. The presence of ASF in the country was confirmed by isolating the virus, and its pathogenicity was certified by the laboratory of the Plum Island Disease Center, New York, United States. Even before the laboratory results became available, the Brazilian Agriculture Ministry declared an Animal Health Emergency, in which the official Veterinary Services adopted rapid control measures to restrain and eradicate the disease. These control measures contributed to the reorganisation of the national swine industry and stimulated the use of high-technology production techniques, as well as an improvement in herd health consciousness. All this contributed to Brazil becoming the largest meat exporter in the world.
DINAMIC OF NATURAL INFECTION IN NEWBORN CALVES EXPOSED TO BY Babesia bigemina AS DETECTED BY POLIMERASE REACTION CHAIN DINÂMICA DA INFECÇÃO NATURAL POR Babesia bigemina EM BEZERROS A PARTIR DO NASCIMENTO DETECTADO PELA REAÇÃO EM CADEIA DA POLIMERASE
With the objetive of using PCR to study the dynamic of natural infection caused by Babesia bigemi... more With the objetive of using PCR to study the dynamic of natural infection caused by Babesia bigemina in calves livestock in extensive system, 266 samples of blood were collected from a group of 37 calves from birth to approximately 165 days old. The samples were collected with an average intervale of 19 days and distributed according to age 0 to 15 days old, 16 to 30 days and successively until 165 days. Out of the total of the 266 samples, 116 (43.60%) were PCR positive. The reaction detected the presence of the parasite in all the intervals of collection and most of the prime infection, 12 in 37 (32.43%) were detected in the period between 31 and 45 days. Out of the 37 calves analysed, only one presented a positive PCR result within the two groups aged under 31 days. This animal was two days old at the moment of the collection. This result suggest a case of transplacentary transmission of Babesia bigemina.KEY WORD: Babesia bigemina, bovine, infection, PCR. Com o objetivo de estudar...
Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2012
The Trypanosoma cruzi acute infections acquired in infancy and childhood seem asymptomatic, but a... more The Trypanosoma cruzi acute infections acquired in infancy and childhood seem asymptomatic, but approximately one third of the chronically infected cases show Chagas disease up to three decades or later. Autoimmunity and parasite persistence are competing theories to explain the pathogenesis of Chagas disease 1, 2. To separate roles played by parasite persistence and autoimmunity in Chagas disease we inoculate the T. cruzi in the air chamber of fertilized eggs. The mature chicken immune system is a tight biological barrier against T. cruzi and the infection is eradicated upon development of its immune system by the end of the first week of growth 3. The chicks are parasite-free at hatching, but they retain integrated parasite mitochondrial kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle within their genome that are transferred to their progeny. Documentation of the kDNA minicircle integration in the chicken genome was obtained by a targeted prime TAIL-PCR, Southern hybridizations, cloning, and sequencing 3, 4. The kDNA minicircle integrations rupture open reading frames for transcription and immune system factors, phosphatase (GTPase), adenylate cyclase and phosphorylases (PKC, NF-Kappa B activator, PI-3K) associated with cell physiology, growth, and differentiation 3, 5-7 , and other gene functions. Severe myocarditis due to rejection of target heart fibers by effectors cytotoxic lymphocytes is seen in the kDNA mutated chickens, showing an inflammatory cardiomyopathy similar to that seen in human Chagas disease. Notably, heart failure and skeletal muscle weakness are present in adult chickens with kDNA rupture of the dystrophin gene in chromosome 1 8. Similar genotipic alterations are associated with tissue destruction carried out by effectors CD45+, CD8γδ+, CD8α lymphocytes. Thus this protozoan infection can induce genetically driven autoimmune disease. 1. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from chickens: a) hatched from T. cruzi inoculated eggs; b) controls; c) mocks receiving 10 μl of culture medium; d) hatched from Lb inoculated eggs; White blood cells from chickens are processed for DNA extraction according with a standard protocol 11 .
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2011
The order for observation of behaviour of the six selected birds was performed randomly at every ... more The order for observation of behaviour of the six selected birds was performed randomly at every thirty minutes, totalling 16 periods or 80 minutes/bird/day. Fourteen types of behaviour were observed. There were differences among ages for behaviour like standing, walking, running, ingesting stones, ingesting feces, picking and attacking. Non-parametric-tests were used to analyse the behaviour according to age of the bird and to the periods of the day. There was a statistical difference between in the morning and at noon periods on behaviours standing, walking, eating ration and in litophagia, which were observed more frequently at the first hours of the day. When periods of the morning and afternoon were compared, the birds' age had a significant effect on behaviour sand bathing. When the periods noon/afternoon were compared, the behaviours which presented significant differences were walking, running, drinking water, eating ration, litophagia, coprophagia, dancing, sand bathing, whose occurrence was the highest during dusk. It was observed that the behaviour of young ostriches diverge according to the age and to day period.
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2002
Como em outros seres vivos, também nas células das aves ocorre a síntese das proteínas de baixo p... more Como em outros seres vivos, também nas células das aves ocorre a síntese das proteínas de baixo peso molecular (Hsp), cujo aumento é induzido sob condições de estresse. As Hsps têm um papel importante na manutenção da integridade celular, questiona-se o seu envolvimento no mecanismo de proteção celular de órgãos alvos na ocorrência da síndrome ascítica (SA). Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a temperatura corporal e os níveis da Hsp70 no coração e pulmão de frangos de corte Hubbard (sensível à SA) e caipira de pescoço-pelado (resistente), criados em termoneutralidade (25°C) e frio (16°C) entre 10 e 45 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 192 pintos machos, 96 de cada linhagem. Não houve mortalidade por SA nas aves caipiras. Nas aves Hubbard, a mortalidade devida à SA foi de 4% e 41% em ambiente termoneutro e frio, respectivamente. Em ambiente frio, a temperatura corporal das aves Hubbard foi menor que a das caipiras. A temperatura corporal e o nível de Hsp70 do coração das aves Hubbard dim...
Ciência Animal Brasileira, 2014
This study compared the adaptation traits in common crosses of crossbred dairy cattle in central ... more This study compared the adaptation traits in common crosses of crossbred dairy cattle in central Brazil. Twenty animals of each of three genetic groups were used: zebu (Bos indicus), Simmental x Zebu (SZ) and Holstein x Zebu (HZ). The test measured variations in rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) of animals in the shade and after exposure to the sun, as well as mean daily milk production throughout the lactation period. The procedure was repeated three times. There were significant interactions between test group and genetic group for the traits investigated and the correlations among traits were low. The RR of the crossbred groups may be controlling body temperature in such a way as not to cause an increase in RT. Milk production influenced RR in crossbred cows exposed to the sun, confirming their poorer adaptation in comparison with zebu cows. We observed that the adaptation can be measured in terms of production within the same genetic group. In co...
Chemical restraint of peccaries with tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine or tiletamine/zolazepam and butorphanol
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2003
To evaluate the use of a combination of tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine (TZX) in collared and w... more To evaluate the use of a combination of tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine (TZX) in collared and white-lipped peccaries and to compare its efficacy as an anesthetic technique with that of tiletamine/zolazepam and butorphanol (TZB). Prospective experimental trial. Seven white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) (four females and three males) and four collared peccaries (Tayasu tajacu) (two males and two females). Animal immobilization was attempted with TZX and TZB (IM) on two different occasions. Heart and respiratory rates (HR, RR), rectal temperature (RT), sedation, muscle relaxation, posture, auditory response and analgesia were evaluated every 15 minutes during immobilization. Induction, anesthesia, standing and walking time were determined after drug administration. Doses for white-lipped peccaries were 1.23 +/- 0.26 mg kg(-1) (mean +/- SD) of TZ and 1.23 +/- 0.26 mg kg(-1) of X, and 1.46 +/- 0.09 mg kg(-1) of TZ and 0.14 +/- 0.008 mg kg(-1) of B; doses for collared peccaries were 1.51 +/- 0.29 mg kg(-1) of TZ and 1.51 +/- 0.29 mg kg(-1) of X and 1.68 +/- 0.02 mg kg(-1) of TZ and 0.17 +/- 0.002 mg kg(-1) of B. In white-lipped peccaries, both drug combinations provided a smooth induction and good immobilization for more than an hour. Anesthesia and standing times were significantly longer in animals given TZB, whereas walking time was significantly longer in animals given TZX. A significant decrease in HR was observed with both treatments. Respiratory rate decreased significantly with TZX, but the rate remained higher than with TZB. Induction and recovery quality in white-lipped peccaries was better with TZB than with TZX. Neither protocol provided adequate immobilization in collared peccaries. At the doses described, TZB is effective in providing a long period of immobilization, whereas TZX is adequate for short to medium immobilization in white-lipped peccaries. Neither drug combination was effective in collared peccaries at the doses given.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2011
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare physical parameters in groups of sheep wi... more The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare physical parameters in groups of sheep with different phenotypic characteristics in the Centre-west region of Brazil. Five groups of sheep, with nine animals per group, were selected, three groups of Santa Inês animals with different coat colours (white, brown and black), one group with crossbred animals (Santa Inês × Bergamasca) and one group with animals of the Bergamasca breed. The following traits were evaluated: coat thickness, number and length of hair, pigmentation level in the coat and the skin as well as the percentage area of sweats glands in the skin tissue, carried out by histological analysis. The number of hairs and the area of sweats glands were not significantly different between the evaluated groups. The Bergamasca breed showed low pigmentation of the skin and long hairs. The levels of pigmentation of the hair and of the skin were highly correlated. Between the Santa Inês groups, the group with white hair showed the better parameters for heat adaptation, while the brown hair group showed the lower heat adaptation when compared with another hair breed groups.
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2001
O presente experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da restrição protéica ou ... more O presente experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da restrição protéica ou energética, entre o 8º e o 14º dia de idade, sobre o crescimento e a composição da carcaça de frangos de corte criados em diferentes temperaturas ambientes. Foram utilizados 900 pintos de um dia, machos, da linhagem Ross, os quais foram alojados em três diferentes câmaras climatizadas nas temperaturas de 18, 25 ou 33°C, do 1º ao 42º dia de idade. Para cada temperatura, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que as parcelas corresponderam ao programa alimentar (controle - 2850 kcal EM/kg e 20% de proteína bruta do 1º ao 21º dia de idade e 3040 kcal EM/kg e 17% de PB do 22º ao 42º dia; restrição energética - 2565 kcal EM/kg e 20% de PB e restrição protéica - 2850 kcal EM/kg e 15% de PB entre o 8º e o 14º dia de idade) e as subparcelas, à idade das aves. Entre o 1º e o 7º dia de idade e após o período de restrição as ave...
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Transport of animals handling, welfare by Francisco Ernesto Bernal
Sena Brunel, H.S., Dallago, B.S.L., Bezerra de Almeida, A.M., Zorzan de Assis, A., Calzada, R.J.B., Brasileiro de Alvarenga, A.B., Menezes, A.M., Barbosa, J.P., Lopes, P.R., González, F.H.D., McManus C., Broom, D.M. and Bernal, F.E.M.
Papers by Francisco Ernesto Bernal
Sena Brunel, H.S., Dallago, B.S.L., Bezerra de Almeida, A.M., Zorzan de Assis, A., Calzada, R.J.B., Brasileiro de Alvarenga, A.B., Menezes, A.M., Barbosa, J.P., Lopes, P.R., González, F.H.D., McManus C., Broom, D.M. and Bernal, F.E.M.