Human cloning, surrogate motherhood, embryo tissue transplant, in vitro fertilization, assisted s... more Human cloning, surrogate motherhood, embryo tissue transplant, in vitro fertilization, assisted suicide, patients in persistent vegetative state and hydration-nutrition, genetic counseling, advance directives... These are some of the bioethical issues which continue making the headlines of our newspapers. What is their morality? Are they ethical or unethical? How do we judge them? When do we condemn or justify them? To answer these questions, we need the guide of Bioethics. We need sound bioethical principles. On this occasion, I want to offer some reflections on "Relevant Bioethical Principles." Specifically, on the importance and meaning of principles in Bioethics; on respect for persons and other relevant principles; and on other significant bioethical categories, particularly virtues. Obviously, we can only offer an introduction to the complex topic; hopefully, a good appetizer. Do we really need bioethical principles?
As human beings, as Christians, we look around us and see injustice with different names. We need... more As human beings, as Christians, we look around us and see injustice with different names. We need to continue talking on justice, one of the basic social virtues. We watch our people-near us and far from us-and we percieve poverty with many faces. We see that the majority of the people of our country, of our region, of our world are poor in various ways. We have to go on speaking on the priority of justice, that is, the preferential option for the poor and of their right to property.
Le Jubile 2000 est, selon l'A., un appel urgent qui nous est fait de combattre l'injustic... more Le Jubile 2000 est, selon l'A., un appel urgent qui nous est fait de combattre l'injustice et de pratiquer la justice. A cette occasion l'A. reflechit ici sur le theme, le Jubile 2000, appel a la justice et a l'amour. Il developpe successivement les points suivants : Le Jubile dans la Bible et la justice ; le Jubile 2000 et la justice ; justice / amour ; et pour finir, l'amour preferentiel pour les pauvres, comme priorite de justice/amour. Il s'inspire principalement de la Lettre Apostolique de Jean-Paul II Tertio Millennio Adveniente et de la Bulle d'Indiction du Grand Jubile de l'an 2000.
Saint Augustine said that all things desire peace, and Saint Thomas Aquinas commented that becaus... more Saint Augustine said that all things desire peace, and Saint Thomas Aquinas commented that because we, all human beings, desire peace we desire to obtain what we desire. Christians in particular are called by their faith in Jesus Christ to have peace and to work for peace-to be peacemakers. May we speak today of the so-called "Just War Theory" as a path to peace?
Why are we going to reflect on Aging in Ethical and Christian Perspective? Two main reasons. One ... more Why are we going to reflect on Aging in Ethical and Christian Perspective? Two main reasons. One is substantial: our world, which worships youth, is aging; we need to reaffirm the dignity and rights, the mission and responsibilities of the elderly. The second reason is circumstantial: 1999 has been declared by the United Nations as The Year of Older Persons. We shall reflect, within a global perspective, on the following points: first, on the ethics of aging; second, on the human dignity of the elderly; third on the right to life of the elderly; fourth,on finitude, autonomy and active aging; and fifth, on death as the ultimate question of human life.
On this study, I will reflect on "Bioethics, Theological Bioethics, and Human Life." I will deal ... more On this study, I will reflect on "Bioethics, Theological Bioethics, and Human Life." I will deal first with the nature of bioethics; then with theological bioethics; and, finally, with human life as the central concern of bioethics. There is not need to insist on the relevance of bioethics. We read newspapers, magazines and journals of public interest; we watch the news on television or movies; we navigate on the web..., what do we read and see very often? Issues and problems directly connected with bioethics. A few examples: Dolly the sheep and human cloning, Dr. Kevorkian, and physician assisted suicide (PAS), the Human Genome Project (to map and sequence our genetic code), IVF and ET (in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, respectively), Baby Fae with a baboon heart and organ transplants and xenotransplants (or organ transplants from other species of animals to humans), surrogate motherhood (imagine: a child today may have five parents), genetic engineering and so forth. And the latest issue? A possible implantation of brain chips to improve mental capacity and memory. Facing these issues, the ethical question is: What can he done should it be done? Is it right, good? A challenging question in our world dominated by science and technology!
H. H. Schrey writes: "The Bible, taken as a whole, has one theme: The history of the revelation o... more H. H. Schrey writes: "The Bible, taken as a whole, has one theme: The history of the revelation of God's justice." This modest study tries to unfold some of the meanings of the rich and complex biblical message on justice. The study considers biblical justice from the perspective of theological ethics, particularly from the viewpoint of Christian Social Ethics.
Throughout the world today, there is a great scarcity of human organs for transplant. The limited... more Throughout the world today, there is a great scarcity of human organs for transplant. The limited supply of organs for transplant comes mainly from organ donations.
Natural law or natural moral law refers to the nature of the human person, a rational ethical bei... more Natural law or natural moral law refers to the nature of the human person, a rational ethical being. Natural law in moral theology focuses on Christian theological ethics, and today refers to our modern times, meaning concretely from the time of the Second Vatican Council or Vatican II (1962-1865) and onward. Tree subtopics are developed in the following pages: first, some highlights of the historical development of the natural law theory; second, natural law theology today; and, third, the teaching of natural law through other relevant current expressions of or connected with natural law. 1. Historical Development of the Natural Law Theory This section underlines, first, some points of the history of the natural law theory and, second, some criticisms to the traditional conception of natural law. Highlights in the Development of the Natural Law Theory The natural law theory is greatly influenced by Greek philosophy, particularly Aristotle, by the Stoic School, principally by Cicero, by Roman law, represented by Gratian and Ulpian, and by Christian tradition, in particular by St Augustine and, above
2019 IEEE International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)
To achieve Tb/s throughput in the near-infrared window that is required for FSO feeder-links, coh... more To achieve Tb/s throughput in the near-infrared window that is required for FSO feeder-links, coherent beam combining appears as a promising candidate to increase output power of single-mode lasers. In this article, we demonstrate the use of an MPLC for coherent beam combining. Based on the unitary conversion we show that it is possible to perform a theoretically perfect combining. Using a supermode approach we propose several architectures to improve beam combining even when phase-locking is not perfect.
2022 IEEE International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)
Current LEO satellites are generating more and more data which needs to be brought back to Earth ... more Current LEO satellites are generating more and more data which needs to be brought back to Earth for processing and analysis. Robust optical communications links are compulsory to be able to follow this growing demand for high-speed downlink with targets ranging from 10Gbps to 1Tbps. Atmospheric turbulences compensation is a key element to achieve such throughput. Here we investigate the capacity of turbulence mitigation via the use of a MPLC followed by an active optical recombiner, also called Tilba-Atmo. The MPLC demultiplexes the incoming turbulent beam into a set of gaussians beams whose relative energy distribution and relative phase evolves according to turbulence fluctuations. These gaussians are then sent into an active system based on a photonic integrated chip where the channels are optically recombined two-by-two in separate Mach-Zehnder interferometers. An 8-HGmode MPLC was placed at the reception end of a free space optical link in C or L-band. Different configurations where tried such as different levels of turbulence. Two different link lengths were tested, a 200m link with a 20cm telescope and a 10 km link at the DLR with a 10cm telescope which is normally use for testing and developing adaptive optics solutions. The first link showed high level of phase degradation on the received beam whilst on the second link the main effect of atmospheric turbulence was scintillation inside the pupil. In both cases tip-tilt was compensated via an auxiliary system and was not implemented inside the Tilba-Atmo component. The results are focused on comparison of fading in CW condition and in OOK communication between an SMF channel and the Tilba-Atmo channel. As this first version Tilba-Atmo is contributing to optical losses and optical recombining might be limited by the control electronics, a numerical sum of the demultiplexed modes is also performed to determine the upper limits of such a system.
Free-space optical links are being considered for high throughput feeder links in satellite commu... more Free-space optical links are being considered for high throughput feeder links in satellite communication. Optical power up to 500 W is required at the optical ground terminal, which represents a challenge for current technologies. One way to scale power whilst preserving beam quality is coherent beam combining. Here, we present a novel technique based on Multi-Plane Light Conversion, consisting in a spatial multiplexer whose output modes form a Gaussian beam when superimposed constructively. The beam combiner is fully reflective, enabling kW optical power. We demonstrate a mode purity and a total efficiency higher than the conventional tiled apertures technique.
As the new Obama-Biden Administration begins to plan for the implementation of a stimulus plan to... more As the new Obama-Biden Administration begins to plan for the implementation of a stimulus plan to jump-start the economy and create new jobs by various tax cuts and spending programs, this panel of experts shows how a multimodal approach could enhance the infrastructure benefits expected from the infrastructure expenditures proposed. By proposing unique public-private partnerships in connection with new transit communities, immediate and long-term economic growth can be projected. Specific methods, applications and implications are presented and discussed, and a specific stimulus policy is recommended. Among the common themes that urban studies in America share, two are critically important. One is the need to return to denser urban planning, which contributes to economic development and commerce, while facilitating a high quality of life, social and economic integration, and environmental sensitivity. The second is the need to mitigate traffic congestion that has persisted even with the continuing expansion of the road network. Negative and destructive consequences from traffic congestion include: environmental and global weather consequences, public health threats, and productivity losses. By coordinating investments in mass transit with housing and mixed-use development at passenger rail station sites and transit stops, passenger rail and transit use will significantly increase. Only by providing for high quality pedestrian linkages to and within these new American transit communities and providing for enhanced opportunities for higher education and job training, will such communities substantially contribute in the near and long term to growth of the economy. Only with a proper concern for the impacts of such built environments, will the quality of life for residents and visitors be improved and sustainable natural environments preserved. Merely rebuilding aging bridges, rail beds, and creating new highways will not solve our mobility, energy, and economic problems. A change from past transportation and community planning is necessary and a new integration of policy, political, and implementation efforts must evolve. Public-private partnerships leverage public investment and allow market-based economics to support synergies of interest. Substantial public investments in infrastructure serve as the catalyst. By focusing on pedestrian urban mobility, education and a decision to build a globally competitive multimodal transportation system, we can move people to employment through investment in infrastructure, growth in the economy, and predictable improvements in the quality of life. The authors (26 individuals with expertise in community development, public finance, and public policy development) welcome opportunities to discuss these matters with national and state policy makers. The following article describes proposed tools for economic growth and the preferred community in the 21th Century and clearly defines these unique pedestrian-oriented, educationally enhanced transit communities. The Author Resumé Statements, Endnotes and Appendices are available from Tom Gustafson on request at: [email protected] or [email protected]
Esta monografia contiene cuatro capitulos, el primero se refiere a la empresa "ARTE RUSTICO&... more Esta monografia contiene cuatro capitulos, el primero se refiere a la empresa "ARTE RUSTICO", su resena historica; para dar una idea general de las actividades y funciones que desempena. El segundo capitulo expone la materia de administracion de riesgos de fraude, sus conceptos basicos, el metodo Risicar, mapas y matrices; con el proposito de contribuir a un manejo objetivo de los riesgos de fraude. El capitulo III realizamos la aplicacion practica de la Administracion de Riesgos de Fraude en los macroprocesos de comercializacion y compras de la empresa "ARTE RUSTICO", finalmente en el capitulo IV se expone las conclusiones y recomendaciones pertinentes.
Human cloning, surrogate motherhood, embryo tissue transplant, in vitro fertilization, assisted s... more Human cloning, surrogate motherhood, embryo tissue transplant, in vitro fertilization, assisted suicide, patients in persistent vegetative state and hydration-nutrition, genetic counseling, advance directives... These are some of the bioethical issues which continue making the headlines of our newspapers. What is their morality? Are they ethical or unethical? How do we judge them? When do we condemn or justify them? To answer these questions, we need the guide of Bioethics. We need sound bioethical principles. On this occasion, I want to offer some reflections on "Relevant Bioethical Principles." Specifically, on the importance and meaning of principles in Bioethics; on respect for persons and other relevant principles; and on other significant bioethical categories, particularly virtues. Obviously, we can only offer an introduction to the complex topic; hopefully, a good appetizer. Do we really need bioethical principles?
As human beings, as Christians, we look around us and see injustice with different names. We need... more As human beings, as Christians, we look around us and see injustice with different names. We need to continue talking on justice, one of the basic social virtues. We watch our people-near us and far from us-and we percieve poverty with many faces. We see that the majority of the people of our country, of our region, of our world are poor in various ways. We have to go on speaking on the priority of justice, that is, the preferential option for the poor and of their right to property.
Le Jubile 2000 est, selon l'A., un appel urgent qui nous est fait de combattre l'injustic... more Le Jubile 2000 est, selon l'A., un appel urgent qui nous est fait de combattre l'injustice et de pratiquer la justice. A cette occasion l'A. reflechit ici sur le theme, le Jubile 2000, appel a la justice et a l'amour. Il developpe successivement les points suivants : Le Jubile dans la Bible et la justice ; le Jubile 2000 et la justice ; justice / amour ; et pour finir, l'amour preferentiel pour les pauvres, comme priorite de justice/amour. Il s'inspire principalement de la Lettre Apostolique de Jean-Paul II Tertio Millennio Adveniente et de la Bulle d'Indiction du Grand Jubile de l'an 2000.
Saint Augustine said that all things desire peace, and Saint Thomas Aquinas commented that becaus... more Saint Augustine said that all things desire peace, and Saint Thomas Aquinas commented that because we, all human beings, desire peace we desire to obtain what we desire. Christians in particular are called by their faith in Jesus Christ to have peace and to work for peace-to be peacemakers. May we speak today of the so-called "Just War Theory" as a path to peace?
Why are we going to reflect on Aging in Ethical and Christian Perspective? Two main reasons. One ... more Why are we going to reflect on Aging in Ethical and Christian Perspective? Two main reasons. One is substantial: our world, which worships youth, is aging; we need to reaffirm the dignity and rights, the mission and responsibilities of the elderly. The second reason is circumstantial: 1999 has been declared by the United Nations as The Year of Older Persons. We shall reflect, within a global perspective, on the following points: first, on the ethics of aging; second, on the human dignity of the elderly; third on the right to life of the elderly; fourth,on finitude, autonomy and active aging; and fifth, on death as the ultimate question of human life.
On this study, I will reflect on "Bioethics, Theological Bioethics, and Human Life." I will deal ... more On this study, I will reflect on "Bioethics, Theological Bioethics, and Human Life." I will deal first with the nature of bioethics; then with theological bioethics; and, finally, with human life as the central concern of bioethics. There is not need to insist on the relevance of bioethics. We read newspapers, magazines and journals of public interest; we watch the news on television or movies; we navigate on the web..., what do we read and see very often? Issues and problems directly connected with bioethics. A few examples: Dolly the sheep and human cloning, Dr. Kevorkian, and physician assisted suicide (PAS), the Human Genome Project (to map and sequence our genetic code), IVF and ET (in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, respectively), Baby Fae with a baboon heart and organ transplants and xenotransplants (or organ transplants from other species of animals to humans), surrogate motherhood (imagine: a child today may have five parents), genetic engineering and so forth. And the latest issue? A possible implantation of brain chips to improve mental capacity and memory. Facing these issues, the ethical question is: What can he done should it be done? Is it right, good? A challenging question in our world dominated by science and technology!
H. H. Schrey writes: "The Bible, taken as a whole, has one theme: The history of the revelation o... more H. H. Schrey writes: "The Bible, taken as a whole, has one theme: The history of the revelation of God's justice." This modest study tries to unfold some of the meanings of the rich and complex biblical message on justice. The study considers biblical justice from the perspective of theological ethics, particularly from the viewpoint of Christian Social Ethics.
Throughout the world today, there is a great scarcity of human organs for transplant. The limited... more Throughout the world today, there is a great scarcity of human organs for transplant. The limited supply of organs for transplant comes mainly from organ donations.
Natural law or natural moral law refers to the nature of the human person, a rational ethical bei... more Natural law or natural moral law refers to the nature of the human person, a rational ethical being. Natural law in moral theology focuses on Christian theological ethics, and today refers to our modern times, meaning concretely from the time of the Second Vatican Council or Vatican II (1962-1865) and onward. Tree subtopics are developed in the following pages: first, some highlights of the historical development of the natural law theory; second, natural law theology today; and, third, the teaching of natural law through other relevant current expressions of or connected with natural law. 1. Historical Development of the Natural Law Theory This section underlines, first, some points of the history of the natural law theory and, second, some criticisms to the traditional conception of natural law. Highlights in the Development of the Natural Law Theory The natural law theory is greatly influenced by Greek philosophy, particularly Aristotle, by the Stoic School, principally by Cicero, by Roman law, represented by Gratian and Ulpian, and by Christian tradition, in particular by St Augustine and, above
2019 IEEE International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)
To achieve Tb/s throughput in the near-infrared window that is required for FSO feeder-links, coh... more To achieve Tb/s throughput in the near-infrared window that is required for FSO feeder-links, coherent beam combining appears as a promising candidate to increase output power of single-mode lasers. In this article, we demonstrate the use of an MPLC for coherent beam combining. Based on the unitary conversion we show that it is possible to perform a theoretically perfect combining. Using a supermode approach we propose several architectures to improve beam combining even when phase-locking is not perfect.
2022 IEEE International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS)
Current LEO satellites are generating more and more data which needs to be brought back to Earth ... more Current LEO satellites are generating more and more data which needs to be brought back to Earth for processing and analysis. Robust optical communications links are compulsory to be able to follow this growing demand for high-speed downlink with targets ranging from 10Gbps to 1Tbps. Atmospheric turbulences compensation is a key element to achieve such throughput. Here we investigate the capacity of turbulence mitigation via the use of a MPLC followed by an active optical recombiner, also called Tilba-Atmo. The MPLC demultiplexes the incoming turbulent beam into a set of gaussians beams whose relative energy distribution and relative phase evolves according to turbulence fluctuations. These gaussians are then sent into an active system based on a photonic integrated chip where the channels are optically recombined two-by-two in separate Mach-Zehnder interferometers. An 8-HGmode MPLC was placed at the reception end of a free space optical link in C or L-band. Different configurations where tried such as different levels of turbulence. Two different link lengths were tested, a 200m link with a 20cm telescope and a 10 km link at the DLR with a 10cm telescope which is normally use for testing and developing adaptive optics solutions. The first link showed high level of phase degradation on the received beam whilst on the second link the main effect of atmospheric turbulence was scintillation inside the pupil. In both cases tip-tilt was compensated via an auxiliary system and was not implemented inside the Tilba-Atmo component. The results are focused on comparison of fading in CW condition and in OOK communication between an SMF channel and the Tilba-Atmo channel. As this first version Tilba-Atmo is contributing to optical losses and optical recombining might be limited by the control electronics, a numerical sum of the demultiplexed modes is also performed to determine the upper limits of such a system.
Free-space optical links are being considered for high throughput feeder links in satellite commu... more Free-space optical links are being considered for high throughput feeder links in satellite communication. Optical power up to 500 W is required at the optical ground terminal, which represents a challenge for current technologies. One way to scale power whilst preserving beam quality is coherent beam combining. Here, we present a novel technique based on Multi-Plane Light Conversion, consisting in a spatial multiplexer whose output modes form a Gaussian beam when superimposed constructively. The beam combiner is fully reflective, enabling kW optical power. We demonstrate a mode purity and a total efficiency higher than the conventional tiled apertures technique.
As the new Obama-Biden Administration begins to plan for the implementation of a stimulus plan to... more As the new Obama-Biden Administration begins to plan for the implementation of a stimulus plan to jump-start the economy and create new jobs by various tax cuts and spending programs, this panel of experts shows how a multimodal approach could enhance the infrastructure benefits expected from the infrastructure expenditures proposed. By proposing unique public-private partnerships in connection with new transit communities, immediate and long-term economic growth can be projected. Specific methods, applications and implications are presented and discussed, and a specific stimulus policy is recommended. Among the common themes that urban studies in America share, two are critically important. One is the need to return to denser urban planning, which contributes to economic development and commerce, while facilitating a high quality of life, social and economic integration, and environmental sensitivity. The second is the need to mitigate traffic congestion that has persisted even with the continuing expansion of the road network. Negative and destructive consequences from traffic congestion include: environmental and global weather consequences, public health threats, and productivity losses. By coordinating investments in mass transit with housing and mixed-use development at passenger rail station sites and transit stops, passenger rail and transit use will significantly increase. Only by providing for high quality pedestrian linkages to and within these new American transit communities and providing for enhanced opportunities for higher education and job training, will such communities substantially contribute in the near and long term to growth of the economy. Only with a proper concern for the impacts of such built environments, will the quality of life for residents and visitors be improved and sustainable natural environments preserved. Merely rebuilding aging bridges, rail beds, and creating new highways will not solve our mobility, energy, and economic problems. A change from past transportation and community planning is necessary and a new integration of policy, political, and implementation efforts must evolve. Public-private partnerships leverage public investment and allow market-based economics to support synergies of interest. Substantial public investments in infrastructure serve as the catalyst. By focusing on pedestrian urban mobility, education and a decision to build a globally competitive multimodal transportation system, we can move people to employment through investment in infrastructure, growth in the economy, and predictable improvements in the quality of life. The authors (26 individuals with expertise in community development, public finance, and public policy development) welcome opportunities to discuss these matters with national and state policy makers. The following article describes proposed tools for economic growth and the preferred community in the 21th Century and clearly defines these unique pedestrian-oriented, educationally enhanced transit communities. The Author Resumé Statements, Endnotes and Appendices are available from Tom Gustafson on request at: [email protected] or [email protected]
Esta monografia contiene cuatro capitulos, el primero se refiere a la empresa "ARTE RUSTICO&... more Esta monografia contiene cuatro capitulos, el primero se refiere a la empresa "ARTE RUSTICO", su resena historica; para dar una idea general de las actividades y funciones que desempena. El segundo capitulo expone la materia de administracion de riesgos de fraude, sus conceptos basicos, el metodo Risicar, mapas y matrices; con el proposito de contribuir a un manejo objetivo de los riesgos de fraude. El capitulo III realizamos la aplicacion practica de la Administracion de Riesgos de Fraude en los macroprocesos de comercializacion y compras de la empresa "ARTE RUSTICO", finalmente en el capitulo IV se expone las conclusiones y recomendaciones pertinentes.
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