Papers by Faustin P. Maganga
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Mar 17, 2023
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Mar 17, 2023
164-177, 2019
publishedVersio
African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2019
Climate change and variability threatens food security globally making life uncertain mostly for ... more Climate change and variability threatens food security globally making life uncertain mostly for agropastoral communities in semi-arid areas. This has necessitated exploration of designed pathways with potentials to increase resilience among agro-pastoralists. This work investigates agro-pastoralists' innovative pathways for enhancing resilience to the impacts of climate change and variability in Kiteto and Kilindi districts. Mixed method research approach under correlation case study design was employed. Primary data were collected using household survey which sampled 384 households, Focus group discussion (n=6), in-depth interviews (key informants) and field visits. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used in analyzing and presenting the findings. Majority of the respondents (81%) noted a decline and changes in seasonal rainfall and amount and increase in temperature trends (91.4%) in their areas for the past 30 years linked to reduced livestock production and cereals and pulses crop yields. These findings corroborate that from the Tanzania meteorological data (TMA). About 91.1% of the respondents said the major impacts of climate change and variability are decline in grazing/pasture lands, cultivated lands and water resources causing decreasing number of their livestock and crop productivity, ultimately food insecurity for a decade. To increase resilience, agropastoralists developed different innovative pathways, though most are similar. The main innovated pathways were livestock seasonal mobility, construction of traditional water points (Njoro), traditional grazing management system through traditional by-laws for pastures conservation/rotational use, growing of droughts-resistant mixed crops, Maasai traditional constructed water reservoirs (Mboutu), reducing stock numbers by selling, drought-tolerant forage species(cactus plants for Animal's fodder), keeping mixtures of herds and women transporting water by donkeys from traditional wells/Njoro. Government and other stakeholders are called upon to improve agro-pastoralists' adaptive capacity and increase households' food security status in the study areas.
Tanzania is at an advanced stage of drafting a new legal framework for water resources management... more Tanzania is at an advanced stage of drafting a new legal framework for water resources management, aimed at attaining the objectives of the National Water Policy of 2002. Three separate pieces of legislation will result from the proposed legal framework to cover water resources management, rural water supply and urban water supply and sewerage. This paper discusses the government’s efforts in trying to fix property regimes and formalizing informal arrangements related to the use of water resources. The paper traces historically the process of formalising customary laws, then presents four case studies that display interactions between traditional water management systems and the modern, formal systems. The paper also contains a discussion of the proposed policy and legal changes focusing on the extent to which the proposed legislative dispensation will protect the existing traditional or customary water rights. It is argued that, despite the early initiatives at providing space for ...
... boom in safari tourism as well as new climate mitigation initiatives such as REDD is accelera... more ... boom in safari tourism as well as new climate mitigation initiatives such as REDD is accelerating this process. ... 1999, Sachedina 2008, Jansen 2009, Nelson 2009 and 2010). Tanzania is also the ... This under-‐pricing creates opportunities for personal rent seeking for key ...
Tanzania Journal of Development Studies, Sep 28, 2018
Formal individual land titling is often posed as a foundational ingredient to economic and social... more Formal individual land titling is often posed as a foundational ingredient to economic and social development in Africa. Many have questioned this proposition with evidence from across the region. Our paper goes one step further in suggesting that an international community of actors created a fetish around land title that engenders chaos and conflict. We document the emergence of crowded field of land formalization efforts focused on technocratic solutions in Tanzania. The result is a pluralistic landscape with competing procedures and technologies, different justifications, and disparate outcomes. Despite the large allocations of funds support these efforts only 3% of all rural parcels have been surveyed since 2004. We use a mixed methods approach that includes analyses of government policies and project documents; interviews with government officials, project implementers and NGO staff; and rural household surveys in districts with and without titling. We argue that it is time to re-orient efforts by returning to a broader, integrated approach to rural development and abandon this myopic obsession with formalization, which has failed to fulfill its touted benefits. Our findings have relevance beyond land titling to other areas where duplicative efforts implemented in the name of progress might be counterproductive to achieving economic and social development goals. Keywords: formalization, property rights, land titling, land conflicts, Tanzania, World Bank
This paper presents the preliminary findings of a WARFSA-funded study, whose objective is to faci... more This paper presents the preliminary findings of a WARFSA-funded study, whose objective is to facilitate the formulation of better policies and guidelines for implementing IWRM through case study of local water conflicts. It is observed that, although the current water reforms in the country focus on the use of statutory legal systems to regulate the use of water resources, the country operates under a plural legal system. Apart from the statutory laws, diverse customary systems are relied upon in resolving water-related conflicts, and, neglect of these norms and laws may have negative consequences for the majority of the villagers who rely on them. The paper presents some of the water-related conflicts in the study areas and the views of government authorities and river basin managers regarding customary norms and laws for water resource management. Also, the paper describes how different types of conflicts over water resources are handled through customary, administrative and legal...
Environmental Economics, 2017
Climate change is posing a serious risk to poverty reduction strategies and threatens to undermin... more Climate change is posing a serious risk to poverty reduction strategies and threatens to undermine decades of development efforts to attain the Millennium Development Goals. The adverse impacts of climate change are now wide spread among many communities worldwide including coastal communities in Tanzania. This study assessed the impact of climate change/variability on rural livelihoods, including vulnerability and existing adaptive capacities to climate change and variability. Different methods namely documentary search, structured questionnaire interviews, field observations and focus group discussion were used to complement each other. Finding from the study has shown that Bagamoyo community is experiencing impact of climate change and variability. They experienced it through factors which greatly affect their livelihood including variability in rainfall patterns and amount, increased incidences of drought, saltwater intrusion into estuaries and freshwater aquifers. Such impacts ...
This report has been produced as part of a series of preliminary papers to guide the long-term re... more This report has been produced as part of a series of preliminary papers to guide the long-term research agenda of the Pathways to Resilience in Semi-arid Economies (PRISE) project. PRISE is a five-year, multi-country research project that generates new knowledge about how economic development in semi-arid regions can be made more equitable and resilient to climate change.
Mondlane. We would also like to acknowledge insights and assistance offered by Lars Buur. DIIS Wo... more Mondlane. We would also like to acknowledge insights and assistance offered by Lars Buur. DIIS Working Papers make DIIS researchers' and partners' work in progress available towards proper publishing. They may include documentation which is not necessarily published elsewhere. DIIS Working Papers are published under the responsibility of the author alone. DIIS Working Papers should not be quoted without the express permission of the author.
Forests, Trees and Livelihoods
Abstract A high proportion of commodities in African countries face limitations in penetrating in... more Abstract A high proportion of commodities in African countries face limitations in penetrating international markets, mainly because of low quality and high transaction costs (TCs) of marketing. This study responds to two research questions. One, does honey from the Uyui district in Tanzania has the potential for geographical indication (GI) labelling, potentially enhancing quality? Two, can GI labelling reduce TCs and improve market access? 83 beekeepers, 50 honey traders and 50 consumers were selected randomly for interviews in Uyui District and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Both primary and secondary data were collected on, cultural and historical identity, the local ecosystem, marketing and value addition technologies. The policy and legal framework for GI certification were also reviewed. Seven honey samples from Uyui District were tested for physicochemical characteristics and compared with the international standards. Since there is no GI labelled honey in Tanzania currently, a hypothetical case was created for respondents to compare the likely TCs with the current honey on the market. The results show that the honey from Uyui meets international quality standards in terms of physicochemical characteristics. Also respondents perceived significantly lower TCs for the hypothetical GI-labelled than the non-GI-labelled honey. However, GI registration of Tanzania honeys is currently hindered by lack of relevant intellectual property right laws, limited cooperation among producers, and in the case of Uyui, a unique reputation has to be restored.
The Journal of Development Studies, 2016
ABSTRACT It is generally held that one mechanism to enable inclusive growth in Tanzania is enabli... more ABSTRACT It is generally held that one mechanism to enable inclusive growth in Tanzania is enabling farmers to access credit to raise productivity and incomes. The formalisation of property rights in Tanzania is being undertaken by a multiplicity of actors at great expense to donors, individuals and the government. While there have been a variety of different justifications for allocating Certificates of Customary Rights of Occupancy (CCROs) to farmers in Tanzania, perhaps the most prominent argument is that it will enable farmers to finally overcome the divide between ‘informal’ customary rights and the formal banking sector. CCROs would provide the collateral that would induce banks to lend money to small-scale farmers. As part of a six-year investigation in Manyara, Mbeya and Dodoma regions, our research team evaluated the impact of formalisation on farmers’ access to credit. The paper will present the results while pointing to the continuing institutional and market imperfections that perpetuate the formal divide.
This study provides a first estimate of climate change relevant expenditures that appear in the... more This study provides a first estimate of climate change relevant expenditures that appear in the national budget of Tanzania over the period 2009/10-2012/13. Climate change relevant expenditure has increased steadily as a proportion of the total budget from 4.2 per cent in 2009/10 to 6.5 per cent in 2012/13. This growth in budget for climate change relevant activities has been driven by an increase in donor funding that is on-budget. The 2012 National Climate Change Strategy represents a significant milestone, but it needs to be further strengthened to include: (i) the identification of priority programmes; (ii) their budgeted costs; and (iii) the expected sources of funding. The financing of climate change actions appears to be treated primarily as a budgetary rather than a policy issue. The composition of climate change relevant expenditure appears to have shifted over the four year period, from projects with a primary focus on either adaptation or mitigation, to projects that appear to combine both objectives. There is a considerable amount of spending taking place in ministries without the full realisation of the significance of such spending in terms of its relation to climate change.
… Laws: Plural Legislative Frameworks for Rural …, 2005
This paper discusses the government's efforts in trying to fix property regimes and formalizing i... more This paper discusses the government's efforts in trying to fix property regimes and formalizing informal arrangements related to the use of water resources. The paper traces historically the process of formalising customary laws, then presents four case studies that display interactions between traditional water management systems and the modern, formal systems. The paper also contains a discussion of the proposed policy and legal changes focusing on the extent to which the proposed legislative dispensation will protect the existing traditional or customary water rights. It is argued that, despite the early initiatives at providing space for the growth of customary law, the legal system pertaining in Tanzania today is tilted more in favour of formal than informal systems.
Africa, 2013
ABSTRACTThrough a comparative analysis of two recent Tanzanian lawsuits concerning pastoralist–fa... more ABSTRACTThrough a comparative analysis of two recent Tanzanian lawsuits concerning pastoralist–farmer disputes over land, this article argues that the judicial system is being employed as a vehicle for legitimizing dispossession. Wealthy elites who find their efforts to acquire vast tracts of land thwarted by protective mechanisms in the Land Act No. 4 of 1999 and Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 are turning to the courts to get what they want. Having access to deeper pockets and being able to out-lawyer and out-manoeuvre their poorer and often less-educated opponents enables elites (including the government itself) to avail themselves of the judicial system and acquire land through illegitimate means. Yet our analysis also illustrates that Tanzanian courts at times act independently of political influence and secure property rights for at least some of the dispossessed. An unusual mix of conflicting pressures and key personalities in these two cases coalesced to produce unexpected ou...
Water rights, water tenure, legal pluralism, conflict, integrated water resources management,
Tanzania is at an advanced stage of drafting a new legal framework for water resources management... more Tanzania is at an advanced stage of drafting a new legal framework for water resources management, aimed at attaining the objectives of the National Water Policy of 2002. Three separate pieces of legislation will result from the proposed legal framework to cover water resources management, rural water supply and urban water supply and sewerage. This paper discusses the government’s efforts in trying to fix property regimes and formalizing informal arrangements related to the use of water resources. The paper traces historically the process of formalising customary laws, then presents four case studies that display interactions between traditional water management systems and the modern, formal systems. The paper also contains a discussion of the proposed policy and legal changes focusing on the extent to which the proposed legislative dispensation will protect the existing traditional or customary water rights. It is argued that, despite the early initiatives at providing space for ...
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Papers by Faustin P. Maganga