Responses from Abdou Khadre Cisse interview (listing)
This interview was conducted at the manuscript owner's home in the neighborhood of Kandialang... more This interview was conducted at the manuscript owner's home in the neighborhood of Kandialang in Ziguinchor, Senegal. For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakite (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Principal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commer...
For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Prici... more For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakité (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Principle Investigator, Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition may be cited as: Ngom, F., Castro, E., & Diakité, A. (2018). African Ajami Library: EAP 1042. Digital Preservation of Mandinka Ajami Materials of Casamance, Senegal. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27112. For Inquiries: Please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]).Images taken outside of the home of the manuscript owner (Abdou Karim Thiam) in the neighborhood of Kandialang in Ziguinchor, Senegal, for the manuscript digitization work done in January 2018
Digital Archives for African Studies: Making Africa’s Written Heritage Visible
Libraries and Archives in the Digital Age, 2020
This chapter seeks to make visible what has long been overlooked: the existence of centuries old ... more This chapter seeks to make visible what has long been overlooked: the existence of centuries old local forms of literacy written in non-European languages and housed in archives throughout Africa. Rich bodies of documents written in Arabic, Ajami (African languages written with enriched forms of the Arabic script), and other locally invented writing systems, Ngom shows, have existed in pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial Africa for centuries, and digital technology has enabled their recuperation and dissemination.
Responses from Abdou Karim Thiam interview (listing)
This interview was conducted at the manuscript owner's home in the neighborhood of Kandialang... more This interview was conducted at the manuscript owner's home in the neighborhood of Kandialang in Ziguinchor, Senegal. For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakite (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Principal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commer...
Lexical Borrowings as Sociolinguistic Variables in Saint -Louis, Senegal
182 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2002.By means of a quantitative... more 182 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2002.By means of a quantitative and qualitative methodology, the study demonstrates that there are strong relationships between lexical borrowings and age groups in multilingual communities, and that linguistic processes that go along with lexical borrowings also follow the same pattern. Finally, this study contributes to our understanding of how linguistic, cultural, political and ideological systems around the world articulate with one another through lexical borrowing in both pragmatic and theoretical ways. It also gives us a deeper understanding of the actual linguistic, social, political and ideological nature of lexical borrowings, and provides empirical methodology to future quantitative and qualitative studies of lexical borrowing in the field of linguistics, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. Above all, this study provides a window on the abiding theoretical problem of the study of lexical borrowings as sociolinguistic variables.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD
For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Prici... more For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakité (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Principle Investigator, Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni, & Diakité, Ablaye. (2018). African Ajami Library: EAP 1042. Digital Preservation of Mandinka Ajami Materials of Casamance, Senegal. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27112. For Inquiries: Please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]).Biography: Almamo Dabo was born in Djidinka in the region of Sedhiou, where his family relocated from Kerracounda. The family later returned to Kerracounda. He received an advanced Islamic education, and now serves as a young Imam and Quranic teacher.Images taken during interview with manuscript owner Almamo Dabo (right) and Ibrahima Yaffa (left) in Kerracounda, Sedhiou, Senegal, for the manuscript digitization work done in October 2018
The linguistic impact of colonialism in Senegal The country came into contact with France in the ... more The linguistic impact of colonialism in Senegal The country came into contact with France in the early 17 th century, when French commercial companies started trading at the mouth of the river Senegal, first entered by Europeans in 1445 (Crowder 1962:7). By the end of the 18 th century, Saint-Louis, with a population of 7,000, had a European colony numbering 600, the largest on the whole coast of West Africa (Crowder 1962:8). It also had an important assimilated mulatto community, whose descendants are known today as Saint-Louisians. Most French men there took African mistresses, known as signares, and ensured the education of any children they had by them (Crowder 1962:8). The French, like most Europeans who came to Africa in colonial times, denied the humanity and culture of the dominated people and used both religious and political means to achieve the economic-based mission savatrice ('salvation mission' to civilize the uncivilized). The so-called 'salvation mission' was primarily motivated by the socioeconomic problems that resulted from the religiouswars affecting the European nations. These problems ultimately led to the coloni-BJ zation of Africa and the settlement of the American continent. The French used colonization to implement a direct assimilation rule in their colonies. This policy was based on the belief that in order to change 'the uncivilized people', they had to 'enter into their minds'. Consequently, they started building schools and churches to achieve their assimilation objectives , i.e., to annihilate the culture, beliefs, and languages of the local people, to make them accept willingly an inferiority complex visa -vis French colonialists. The assimilation process was mainly implemented through the introduction of French as the sole language of education. Falou Ngom: The Senegalese speech community i 3 3 Ultimately, the process was designed to make local people use only French as their major means of communication and at the same time feel grateful to have the 'favor' of speaking the 'super-language' of the 'civilized masters.'
Mamadou Lo, Un Aspect de la Poésie “Wolofal” Mouride: L’Éducation Morale et Spirituelle de l’Aspirant (al Murid) dans la Production de Sëriñ Mbay Jaxate
Wolofal (from Wolof: Wolof language or ethnic group and ‘-al’: causative morpheme) is an Ajami wr... more Wolofal (from Wolof: Wolof language or ethnic group and ‘-al’: causative morpheme) is an Ajami writing (a generic term commonly used to refer to non-Arabic languages written with Arabic scripts) used to transliterate Wolof in Senegal. It results from the early Islamization of the major Muslim ethnic groups in the country, especially the Pulaar, the Wolof and the Mandinka. Although Senegal is considered to be a French-speaking country, ironically over 50% of the Senegalese people are thought to be illiterate in French. French literacy is restricted to the minority educated group mostly found in urban areas. Because the literacy rate in French is very small in the country, especially among older people, Wolofal remains a major means of written communication among people who are illiterate in French and who have attended Qurʾānic schools. It is used by these people to write letters, run their informal businesses and read religious poems and writings. This paper is based upon fieldwork ...
Senegal jest francuskojęzycznym państwem zachodnioafrykańskim. Oficjalnie w kraju tym występuje 6... more Senegal jest francuskojęzycznym państwem zachodnioafrykańskim. Oficjalnie w kraju tym występuje 6 głównych języków narodowych i etnicznych: wolof, pular, mandingo, diola, serer i soninke. 70% populacji posługuje się językiem ponadnarodowym wolof. Senegal to była kolonia francuska i francuski jest językiem oficjalnym, używanym w tym kraju zarówno przez administrację, jak i system edukacji publicznej. Ponieważ ponad 90% społeczeństwa Senegalczyków to muzułmanie, bardzo wyraźne są wpływy arabskie. Ponadto globalny wpływ amerykańskiej kultury młodzieżowej, mass mediów, Internetu oraz znacząca liczba Senegalczyków-imigrantów żyjących w USA doprowadziły do zwiększającego się wpływu języka angielskiego w jego odmianie amerykańskiej. Badanie zapożyczeń w języku senegalskim (w przypadku gdy zjawiska kontaktu pomiędzy językami afrykańskimi i nieafrykańskimi są normą) wykazuje, że proces zapożyczania nie zachodzi w sposób arbitralny. W tak wielojęzycznym środowisku zapożyczenia są często rezultatem różnych czynników kulturowych, politycznych, religijnych czy też społecznych, które funkcjonują lub kiedyś funkcjonowały w ramach społeczności posługującej się danym językiem w mowie. W rezultacie, badanie zapożyczeń dostarcza wyjątkowej okazji do lepszego zrozumienia zarówno dawnych, jak i obecnych socjokulturowych zmian zachodzących w kraju. Autor przedstawia wybrane zapożyczenia z języka francuskiego, arabskiego i angielskiego w języku wolof, bada ich cechy językowe oraz socjolingwistyczne znaczenie.
Responses from Abdou Khadre Cisse interview (listing)
This interview was conducted at the manuscript owner's home in the neighborhood of Kandialang... more This interview was conducted at the manuscript owner's home in the neighborhood of Kandialang in Ziguinchor, Senegal. For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakite (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Principal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commer...
For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Prici... more For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakité (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Principle Investigator, Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition may be cited as: Ngom, F., Castro, E., & Diakité, A. (2018). African Ajami Library: EAP 1042. Digital Preservation of Mandinka Ajami Materials of Casamance, Senegal. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27112. For Inquiries: Please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]).Images taken outside of the home of the manuscript owner (Abdou Karim Thiam) in the neighborhood of Kandialang in Ziguinchor, Senegal, for the manuscript digitization work done in January 2018
Digital Archives for African Studies: Making Africa’s Written Heritage Visible
Libraries and Archives in the Digital Age, 2020
This chapter seeks to make visible what has long been overlooked: the existence of centuries old ... more This chapter seeks to make visible what has long been overlooked: the existence of centuries old local forms of literacy written in non-European languages and housed in archives throughout Africa. Rich bodies of documents written in Arabic, Ajami (African languages written with enriched forms of the Arabic script), and other locally invented writing systems, Ngom shows, have existed in pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial Africa for centuries, and digital technology has enabled their recuperation and dissemination.
Responses from Abdou Karim Thiam interview (listing)
This interview was conducted at the manuscript owner's home in the neighborhood of Kandialang... more This interview was conducted at the manuscript owner's home in the neighborhood of Kandialang in Ziguinchor, Senegal. For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakite (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Principal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commer...
Lexical Borrowings as Sociolinguistic Variables in Saint -Louis, Senegal
182 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2002.By means of a quantitative... more 182 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2002.By means of a quantitative and qualitative methodology, the study demonstrates that there are strong relationships between lexical borrowings and age groups in multilingual communities, and that linguistic processes that go along with lexical borrowings also follow the same pattern. Finally, this study contributes to our understanding of how linguistic, cultural, political and ideological systems around the world articulate with one another through lexical borrowing in both pragmatic and theoretical ways. It also gives us a deeper understanding of the actual linguistic, social, political and ideological nature of lexical borrowings, and provides empirical methodology to future quantitative and qualitative studies of lexical borrowing in the field of linguistics, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. Above all, this study provides a window on the abiding theoretical problem of the study of lexical borrowings as sociolinguistic variables.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD
For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Prici... more For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Fallou Ngom (Pricipal Investigator; Director, African Studies Center), Ablaye Diakité (Local Project Manager), Mr. Ibrahima Yaffa (General Field Facilitator), and Ibrahima Ngom (photographer). Technical Team: Professor Fallou Ngom (Principle Investigator, Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center at Boston University), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). This collection of Mandinka Ajami materials is copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. This is a joint project between BU and the West African Research Center (WARC), funded by the British Library/Arcadia Endangered Archives Programme. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are fully cited using the information below. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Ngom, Fallou, Castro, Eleni, & Diakité, Ablaye. (2018). African Ajami Library: EAP 1042. Digital Preservation of Mandinka Ajami Materials of Casamance, Senegal. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/27112. For Inquiries: Please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]).Biography: Almamo Dabo was born in Djidinka in the region of Sedhiou, where his family relocated from Kerracounda. The family later returned to Kerracounda. He received an advanced Islamic education, and now serves as a young Imam and Quranic teacher.Images taken during interview with manuscript owner Almamo Dabo (right) and Ibrahima Yaffa (left) in Kerracounda, Sedhiou, Senegal, for the manuscript digitization work done in October 2018
The linguistic impact of colonialism in Senegal The country came into contact with France in the ... more The linguistic impact of colonialism in Senegal The country came into contact with France in the early 17 th century, when French commercial companies started trading at the mouth of the river Senegal, first entered by Europeans in 1445 (Crowder 1962:7). By the end of the 18 th century, Saint-Louis, with a population of 7,000, had a European colony numbering 600, the largest on the whole coast of West Africa (Crowder 1962:8). It also had an important assimilated mulatto community, whose descendants are known today as Saint-Louisians. Most French men there took African mistresses, known as signares, and ensured the education of any children they had by them (Crowder 1962:8). The French, like most Europeans who came to Africa in colonial times, denied the humanity and culture of the dominated people and used both religious and political means to achieve the economic-based mission savatrice ('salvation mission' to civilize the uncivilized). The so-called 'salvation mission' was primarily motivated by the socioeconomic problems that resulted from the religiouswars affecting the European nations. These problems ultimately led to the coloni-BJ zation of Africa and the settlement of the American continent. The French used colonization to implement a direct assimilation rule in their colonies. This policy was based on the belief that in order to change 'the uncivilized people', they had to 'enter into their minds'. Consequently, they started building schools and churches to achieve their assimilation objectives , i.e., to annihilate the culture, beliefs, and languages of the local people, to make them accept willingly an inferiority complex visa -vis French colonialists. The assimilation process was mainly implemented through the introduction of French as the sole language of education. Falou Ngom: The Senegalese speech community i 3 3 Ultimately, the process was designed to make local people use only French as their major means of communication and at the same time feel grateful to have the 'favor' of speaking the 'super-language' of the 'civilized masters.'
Mamadou Lo, Un Aspect de la Poésie “Wolofal” Mouride: L’Éducation Morale et Spirituelle de l’Aspirant (al Murid) dans la Production de Sëriñ Mbay Jaxate
Wolofal (from Wolof: Wolof language or ethnic group and ‘-al’: causative morpheme) is an Ajami wr... more Wolofal (from Wolof: Wolof language or ethnic group and ‘-al’: causative morpheme) is an Ajami writing (a generic term commonly used to refer to non-Arabic languages written with Arabic scripts) used to transliterate Wolof in Senegal. It results from the early Islamization of the major Muslim ethnic groups in the country, especially the Pulaar, the Wolof and the Mandinka. Although Senegal is considered to be a French-speaking country, ironically over 50% of the Senegalese people are thought to be illiterate in French. French literacy is restricted to the minority educated group mostly found in urban areas. Because the literacy rate in French is very small in the country, especially among older people, Wolofal remains a major means of written communication among people who are illiterate in French and who have attended Qurʾānic schools. It is used by these people to write letters, run their informal businesses and read religious poems and writings. This paper is based upon fieldwork ...
Senegal jest francuskojęzycznym państwem zachodnioafrykańskim. Oficjalnie w kraju tym występuje 6... more Senegal jest francuskojęzycznym państwem zachodnioafrykańskim. Oficjalnie w kraju tym występuje 6 głównych języków narodowych i etnicznych: wolof, pular, mandingo, diola, serer i soninke. 70% populacji posługuje się językiem ponadnarodowym wolof. Senegal to była kolonia francuska i francuski jest językiem oficjalnym, używanym w tym kraju zarówno przez administrację, jak i system edukacji publicznej. Ponieważ ponad 90% społeczeństwa Senegalczyków to muzułmanie, bardzo wyraźne są wpływy arabskie. Ponadto globalny wpływ amerykańskiej kultury młodzieżowej, mass mediów, Internetu oraz znacząca liczba Senegalczyków-imigrantów żyjących w USA doprowadziły do zwiększającego się wpływu języka angielskiego w jego odmianie amerykańskiej. Badanie zapożyczeń w języku senegalskim (w przypadku gdy zjawiska kontaktu pomiędzy językami afrykańskimi i nieafrykańskimi są normą) wykazuje, że proces zapożyczania nie zachodzi w sposób arbitralny. W tak wielojęzycznym środowisku zapożyczenia są często rezultatem różnych czynników kulturowych, politycznych, religijnych czy też społecznych, które funkcjonują lub kiedyś funkcjonowały w ramach społeczności posługującej się danym językiem w mowie. W rezultacie, badanie zapożyczeń dostarcza wyjątkowej okazji do lepszego zrozumienia zarówno dawnych, jak i obecnych socjokulturowych zmian zachodzących w kraju. Autor przedstawia wybrane zapożyczenia z języka francuskiego, arabskiego i angielskiego w języku wolof, bada ich cechy językowe oraz socjolingwistyczne znaczenie.
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