Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1998
Aromatic compounds when released into the atmosphere can have a direct effect on health as well a... more Aromatic compounds when released into the atmosphere can have a direct effect on health as well as comributing to the formation of secondary air pollutants including ozone. Commercial uses of aromatic hydrocatbons inelude use as solvents, in paints and polymer manufacture. Single ring compounds are constituents of petrol and this is a large source of their release to the atmosphere. Reaction with OH radicals is believed to be the dominant loss process for aromatic compounds in the troposphere and has been the subject of numerous kinetic studies with rate data being now well established. However, there have been few systematic studies carried out to date on substituted aromatics. Structure activity trends have shown that increased degree of alkyl substitution leacis to enhanced reactivity of the ring towards the electrophilic OH radical, while increasing the length of the alkyl side chain appears to show no trend among investigations. There have been relatively few kinetic studies on reactions of OH with halogenared aromatics, in particular fluorinared aromatics which are used as intetmediates in the chemieal industry. lt has recently been suggested that Cl atoms may play a significant role in the gas phase degradation of volatile organic compounds in marine air masses. Measurements of the ambient concentrations of alkanes and alkyl nitrates in the lower troposphere during the Aretic springtime also provide evidence for the importance of Cl atom reactions in the atmosphere. A growing body of evidence from field experiments, labaratory studies and model calculations suggest that, in addition to HC!, highly reactive chlorine-eontaining species, suehas Cl" HOC!and C!NO, also volatilise from sea salt aerosol in d1e marine boundary layer. Subsequent photolysis of these eompounds mayprovide relative!y high levels of Cl in various regions of the troposphere. This work involves a systematic study on the kinetics of the reaction of OH radicals and Cl atoms with aromatic compounds. The results are compared with previous litetature values and discussed in terms of struerure activity relationships.
A partir de l’automne 1999 jusqu’au printemps 2001 en Tyrol du Sud, 28 écrevisses ont été prélevé... more A partir de l’automne 1999 jusqu’au printemps 2001 en Tyrol du Sud, 28 écrevisses ont été prélevées dans 8 ruisseaux et un petit lac dans le but de vérifier la présence des Branchiobdellidae. L’écrevisse à pieds blancs (Austropotamobius pallipes italicus) a été trouvée dans 6 ruisseaux, l’écrevisse à pieds rouges (Astacus astacus) et l’écrevisse de Californie (Pacifastacus leniusculus) dans deux ruisseaux et l’écrevisse américaine (Orconectes limosus) dans le lac. A l’exclusion de l’écrevisse américaine, on a trouvé chez toutes les autres espèces des Branchiobdellidae. Chez l’écrevisse à pieds rouges, Branchiobdella italica et Branchiobdella hexodonta sont présentes. Chez toutes les écrevisses à pieds blancs, on a relevé une grande quantité de B. italica alors que chez les écrevisses de Californie on a retrouvé seulement le Xironogiton victoriensis. Twenty-eight freshwater crayfish were collected from 8 streams and one small lake in the province of South Tyrol (North Italy) from aut...
Over recent decades, parasitic diseases have been increasingly considered a sanitary and economic... more Over recent decades, parasitic diseases have been increasingly considered a sanitary and economic threat to Mediterranean aquaculture. In order to monitor the distribution of parasites in cultured marine fish from Italy and study their pathogenic effects on the host, a three-year survey based on parasitological and histopathological exams was carried out on 2141 subjects from eleven fish species and coming from different farming systems (extensive, intensive inland farms, inshore floating cages, offshore floating cages and submersible cages). A number of parasitic species was detected, mostly in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), mullets (Chelon labrosus, Mugil cephalus, Liza ramada) and sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo), with distribution patterns and prevalence values varying in relation to the farming system, in-season period and size category. The epidemiology and pathological effects of the parasites found during the survey are ...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1998
Aromatic compounds when released into the atmosphere can have a direct effect on health as well a... more Aromatic compounds when released into the atmosphere can have a direct effect on health as well as comributing to the formation of secondary air pollutants including ozone. Commercial uses of aromatic hydrocatbons inelude use as solvents, in paints and polymer manufacture. Single ring compounds are constituents of petrol and this is a large source of their release to the atmosphere. Reaction with OH radicals is believed to be the dominant loss process for aromatic compounds in the troposphere and has been the subject of numerous kinetic studies with rate data being now well established. However, there have been few systematic studies carried out to date on substituted aromatics. Structure activity trends have shown that increased degree of alkyl substitution leacis to enhanced reactivity of the ring towards the electrophilic OH radical, while increasing the length of the alkyl side chain appears to show no trend among investigations. There have been relatively few kinetic studies on reactions of OH with halogenared aromatics, in particular fluorinared aromatics which are used as intetmediates in the chemieal industry. lt has recently been suggested that Cl atoms may play a significant role in the gas phase degradation of volatile organic compounds in marine air masses. Measurements of the ambient concentrations of alkanes and alkyl nitrates in the lower troposphere during the Aretic springtime also provide evidence for the importance of Cl atom reactions in the atmosphere. A growing body of evidence from field experiments, labaratory studies and model calculations suggest that, in addition to HC!, highly reactive chlorine-eontaining species, suehas Cl" HOC!and C!NO, also volatilise from sea salt aerosol in d1e marine boundary layer. Subsequent photolysis of these eompounds mayprovide relative!y high levels of Cl in various regions of the troposphere. This work involves a systematic study on the kinetics of the reaction of OH radicals and Cl atoms with aromatic compounds. The results are compared with previous litetature values and discussed in terms of struerure activity relationships.
A partir de l’automne 1999 jusqu’au printemps 2001 en Tyrol du Sud, 28 écrevisses ont été prélevé... more A partir de l’automne 1999 jusqu’au printemps 2001 en Tyrol du Sud, 28 écrevisses ont été prélevées dans 8 ruisseaux et un petit lac dans le but de vérifier la présence des Branchiobdellidae. L’écrevisse à pieds blancs (Austropotamobius pallipes italicus) a été trouvée dans 6 ruisseaux, l’écrevisse à pieds rouges (Astacus astacus) et l’écrevisse de Californie (Pacifastacus leniusculus) dans deux ruisseaux et l’écrevisse américaine (Orconectes limosus) dans le lac. A l’exclusion de l’écrevisse américaine, on a trouvé chez toutes les autres espèces des Branchiobdellidae. Chez l’écrevisse à pieds rouges, Branchiobdella italica et Branchiobdella hexodonta sont présentes. Chez toutes les écrevisses à pieds blancs, on a relevé une grande quantité de B. italica alors que chez les écrevisses de Californie on a retrouvé seulement le Xironogiton victoriensis. Twenty-eight freshwater crayfish were collected from 8 streams and one small lake in the province of South Tyrol (North Italy) from aut...
Over recent decades, parasitic diseases have been increasingly considered a sanitary and economic... more Over recent decades, parasitic diseases have been increasingly considered a sanitary and economic threat to Mediterranean aquaculture. In order to monitor the distribution of parasites in cultured marine fish from Italy and study their pathogenic effects on the host, a three-year survey based on parasitological and histopathological exams was carried out on 2141 subjects from eleven fish species and coming from different farming systems (extensive, intensive inland farms, inshore floating cages, offshore floating cages and submersible cages). A number of parasitic species was detected, mostly in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), mullets (Chelon labrosus, Mugil cephalus, Liza ramada) and sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo), with distribution patterns and prevalence values varying in relation to the farming system, in-season period and size category. The epidemiology and pathological effects of the parasites found during the survey are ...
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