Papers by Fidelis Ogwumike
Journal of Policy Modeling, 2010
Previous studies generally find mixed empirical evidence on the relationship between government s... more Previous studies generally find mixed empirical evidence on the relationship between government spending and economic growth. In this paper, we re-examine the causal relationship between government expenditure and economic growth by conducting the panel Granger causality test recently developed by Hurlin (2004, 2005) and by utilizing a richer panel data set which includes 182 countries that cover the period from
Acta Universitatis Danubius: Oeconomica, 2019
Food insecurity is increasingly being recognized by many development economists, policy makers an... more Food insecurity is increasingly being recognized by many development economists, policy makers and policy analysts as both a policy and an economic problem. Arguably, an understanding of the determinants of food insecurity is critical for policy analysis and the design of effective food security strategies. Thus, this study examined the determinants of household food insecurity in Nigeria based on data from the 2009/2010 Harmonized Nigeria Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics. Multinomial logit regression was employed to examine the determinants of household food security status. To derive food insecurity status, two objective measures of food insecurity were combined- household Food Expenditure(FE) and Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) to yield four possible scenarios viz., completely food secure; food insecure based on food expenditure only; food insecure based on dietary diversity score only; and completely food insecure households The determ...
The paper yields new evidence on real income convergence for euro area (EA) countries since the m... more The paper yields new evidence on real income convergence for euro area (EA) countries since the mid-1980s, with a special focus on the effects of the subprime and sovereign debt financial crises. By conditioning the turning point per capita income of the Kuznets curve (KC) to the level of financial development, we find strong evidence in favor of an EA-wide steady-state financial KC and of ongoing convergence across EA members toward a common per capita income turning point level. By means of a counterfactual analysis, we also point to worsening economic and income inequality conditions for all the EA countries, only partially ensued from "austerity" policies. Hence, a well-functioning financial system and its smooth development appear to be instrumental not only to economic growth, but also to a more egalitarian income distribution.
Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences, 2019
Micro-credit is a veritable tool to combating poverty. Poverty is a condition typified by depriva... more Micro-credit is a veritable tool to combating poverty. Poverty is a condition typified by deprivation of basic human needs such as food, safe dwelling place, safe drinking water and their likes. The thrust of this work was to examine the impact of Microfinance on poverty reduction before and after procurement of credit within Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The research data collection and analysis were obtained from questionnaires. The microfinance tool has roused the interest of academics, policy makers and practitioners, and it has demonstrated huge potential for lending to poor households and has the capacity to help expand the business outlay of the small and medium scale entrepreneurs. Majority of the respondents were female (64%),married (90.5%),in monogamous marriages (80%),traders (55.3%),live in flats (62.5%),possess standard functional generators (62.5%),applied for loans from Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) (88.4%),received loans (92.1%),...
MPRA Paper, Jun 1, 2019
This study estimates non-food poverty in Nigeria by evaluating non-food poverty incidence, severi... more This study estimates non-food poverty in Nigeria by evaluating non-food poverty incidence, severity and intensity at the urban/rural areas, geo-political zone and national level. It also evaluates the concentration of the non-food poor in principal sectors of employment in the country. Probit regression model, Foster-Greer-Throbecke (FGT), and Location index were used for the analysis. Data for the study was obtained from the Nigeria General Household Survey (GHS) for 201/11 and 2015/16 periods, with 4246 and 4582 households, respectively. Findings from the study reveal that non-food poverty incidence in the country is high and increasing. Non-food poverty is more in the rural areas than in the urban areas. Also, non-food poverty is highest in the Northern zones compared to the South; more among females than males in the two periods. In addition, the study shows that non-food poverty rate is lowest (28.6%) among population with tertiary education in 2010/11, but increases drastically (60.2%) in 2015/16. Non-food poverty gap and severity increase in the country in 2015/16; with the South recording higher rate than the North. The regression result shows that households headed by female experience more non-food poverty compared to household headed by male. Finally, the study reveals that non-food poor are concentrated in the agricultural, manufacturing and services sectors of the economy. Hence, the study recommends that propoor policies targeted at the non-food poor and directed to the sectors where they are concentrated should be designed and conscientiously implemented.
Economic and Financial Review, 2001
The increased intensity of globalization across borders integrated the sub-Saharan African (SSA) ... more The increased intensity of globalization across borders integrated the sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries into the world economy as shown by the increasing degree of trade openness (from 55.4% in 1980–1984 to 65.6% in 2000–2015) and foreign direct investment as a percentage of GDP (from 0.3% in 1980–1984 to 2.85% in 2000–2015). The quality of life of the people in the region improved marginally regarding access to basic needs. However, the effects of globalization on access to basic needs such as water, sanitation, healthcare services have received little attention. Thus, this study investigates the impact of globalization on human welfare in sixteen SSA countries over the period 1980-2015. Using a panel fixed effect approach, the findings revealed that globalization through its various channels (trade openness, capital and financial flows and labour mobility and information technology), improves human welfare indicators in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the low level of good governa...
African Development Review, 2008
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Premised on economic uncertainty and political instability indicators, this paper examined the ro... more Premised on economic uncertainty and political instability indicators, this paper examined the role of uncertainty as they affected the inflow of FDI into the agricultural subsector of the Nigerian economy given that such empirical work are limited. Employing secondary time series data which spanned 1970 to 2008, on an investment-cointegrated Error Correction Model, this study attempted to fill the gap. Following ADF test for stationarity and a Johenson cointegration test, we found a cointegrating relationship among the variables as affirmed by the error correction mechanism parameter. It was revealed that FDI positively impacted on agriculture not only in the short run but also in the long run. This will also engender domestic income diversification which will boost agricultural sector and stem the erstwhile neglect of the sector. Further, political instability adversely affected agricultural investments in the long run. An enabling environment should be provided to attract investm...
African Journal of AIDS Research, 2013
The study investigated the magnitude of social inequities in access to subsidised healthcare serv... more The study investigated the magnitude of social inequities in access to subsidised healthcare services among people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in Nigeria. Structured interviews were conducted with 1 056 PLWHA selected from 60 community based support groups in 12 local government areas across 3 Nigerian states and the federal capital territory, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected on socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; awareness about location of health facilities; current health status; distance to facilities; and utilisation and expenditure on healthcare. The socio-economic characteristics of the respondents were used to compare their level of access to healthcare services from antiretroviral therapy (ART) sites and government hospitals. Awareness about location of health facilities was generally high (≥79%) among the respondents but higher among males, urban dwellers and those in highest wealth class (p < 0.05). About 60% of rural PLWHA and 55.2% of those in the lowest wealth class reported illness compared with 49.4% of urban residents and 47.4% of those in the highest wealth class. However, PLWHA in urban areas utilised government hospitals more than those in rural areas while rural PLWHA and those in the lowest wealth class travelled longer distances to ART sites (p < 0.05). PLWHA in lowest wealth class and females faced catastrophic health expenditure of 67.6% and 55.5% of their monthly income respectively. Social inequities were observed in the subsidised HIV-treatment programme in Nigeria. Expansion of ART sites in rural areas and decentralisation of HIV care at government hospitals will reduce travel distance and transport costs and ensure universal access to healthcare services among PLWHA.
The labour market is a very important source that offers explanation for earnings and income ineq... more The labour market is a very important source that offers explanation for earnings and income inequality. The structure of the labour market has a significant consequence on employment status and it serves as an important determinant of household income and welfare. Like most labour markets in developing countries, the Nigerian labour market represents one of the major sources of risk through which people fall into poverty. Thus, it is important to identify some of the factors that affect earnings and entry into the labour market. This paper analyses, among other things, the distribution and structure of main job earnings, determinants and income inequality in the Nigerian labour market. The study uses tabular presentations,
Journal of economics and sustainable development, 2013
Employment generation has over the years been widely celebrated as a major key to socio-economic ... more Employment generation has over the years been widely celebrated as a major key to socio-economic progress. In recent times, reduction in unemployment has been identified as a chief indicator of economic development. Unfortunately, the problem of unemployment has plagued Nigeria over the years and it has become highly pronounced in recent times. This study seeks to find out if the unemployment problem in Nigeria can be solved through economic growth, exports and foreign direct investment. The study employs contemporary econometric techniques of cointegration and Granger causality tests within error correction modelling framework to analyse the relationship among unemployment, economic growth, exports and foreign direct investment. The study also utilises the VAR techniques of variance decomposition and impulse response functions. The study is based on annual time series data from 1984 to 2010 obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The results of the study indicate, among ot...
Despite a growing international awareness/concern, mainstream development policies in West and ot... more Despite a growing international awareness/concern, mainstream development policies in West and other African nations fail to consider poverty among older people – reflecting persisting assumptions about a lesser magnitude and relevance of the poverty threat among the old compared to the young. Building on a review of the existing research evidence available from Nigeria and Ghana, and a secondary analysis of 1980–1996 Nigerian National Consumer Survey data, this paper explores the potential links that exist between old age and poverty in the Anglophone West African Context, and provides indications for the relative extent of poverty among older and younger age-groups. The findings, contrary to assumptions, point to a substantial and possibly greater poverty risk among older compared to younger adults and identify potential individual, familial, normative and structural determinants of this heightened risk. Implications for policy and further research are briefly discussed.
The labour market is a very important source that offers explanation for earnings and income ineq... more The labour market is a very important source that offers explanation for earnings and income inequality. The structure of the labour market has a significant consequence on employment status and it serves as an important determinant of household income and welfare. Like most labour markets in developing countries, the Nigerian labour market represents one of the major sources of risk through which people fall into poverty. Thus, it is important to identify some of the factors that affect earnings and entry into the labour market. This paper analyses, among other things, the distribution and structure of main job earnings, determinants and income inequality in the Nigerian labour market. The study uses tabular presentations, Gini Coefficienst, Theil’s Entropy Index, Ordinary Least Squares technique, Heckman’s twostage selectivity bias correction procedure, Tobit analytical technique as well as descriptive statistics for analyses. The results show that inequality is more pronounced in...
This study focuses on the role of the capital market in mobilizing domestic resources for economi... more This study focuses on the role of the capital market in mobilizing domestic resources for economic development in Nigeria, with emphasis on the role of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The objectives of the study are to identify the major problems confronting the stock market and to determine the impact of government policies on the operations of the Exchange.
Unemployment and poverty are major indicators of underdevelopment. Unfortunately, despite the eno... more Unemployment and poverty are major indicators of underdevelopment. Unfortunately, despite the enormousmaterial and potential human resources in Nigeria, the country has over the years been plagued by the twoproblems.. This study employs binary logistic regression technique in analysing the impact of employment statusand nature of employment of household head on household poverty incidence in Nigeria. Various occupationalgroups and occupational status of household head are added to major correlates of poverty such as householdsize, age of household head, sex of household head, region and sector of residence, access to regular remittances,access to credit, ownership of housing unit and educational level of household head to form the regressors whilethe poverty status of household is the regressand. The analysis is based on the 2004 Nigeria Living StandardSurvey (NLSS) conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics. The results of the study show that employmentstatus and nature of empl...
Premised on economic uncertainty and political instability indicators, this paper examined the ro... more Premised on economic uncertainty and political instability indicators, this paper examined the role of uncertainty as theyaffected the inflow of FDI into the agricultural subsector of the Nigerian economy given that such empirical work are limited.Employing secondary time series data which spanned 1970 to 2008, on an investment-cointegrated Error Correction Model,this study attempted to fill the gap. Following ADF test for stationarity and a Johenson cointegration test, we found acointegrating relationship among the variables as affirmed by the error correction mechanism parameter. It was revealed thatFDI positively impacted on agriculture not only in the short run but also in the long run. This will also engender domesticincome diversification which will boost agricultural sector and stem the erstwhile neglect of the sector. Further, politicalinstability adversely affected agricultural investments in the long run. An enabling environment should be provided to attractinvestment on s...
International Journal of Social Economics
Purpose The primary motive of a minimum wage policy is to provide a wage floor for poorly paid wo... more Purpose The primary motive of a minimum wage policy is to provide a wage floor for poorly paid workers and improve their welfare. In Nigeria, real minimum wage declined by 60 per cent between 1974 and 2011, thus reducing the welfare of workers. The wage gap between low skilled and high skilled workers have also widened over the years in favour of the latter. There are concerns that the series of minimum wage increase in Nigeria may not be welfare-enhancing. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study examined the welfare effects of minimum wage increase in Nigeria using a computable general equilibrium model. The model was calibrated using a 2006 Social Accounting Matrix and four sets of scenarios (20, 35, 50 and 140 per cent wage increases), were simulated. Findings The findings show that employers substituted other labour categories for minimum wage workers. This increases the wage rates of other labour. The consumer price index also increased as...
Social Indicators Research
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Papers by Fidelis Ogwumike