Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is defined as a strategically planned network of natural and semi... more Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is defined as a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services, which include microclimate regulation and enhanced human thermal comfort. While green infrastructure is widely known to be capable of mitigating the adverse effects of urban heat island, the effect of blue infrastructure to regulate thermal comfort is still poorly understood. This study investigates several blue-green-infrastructure (BGI) scenarios in the central business district (CBD) of Melbourne, Australia to assess their effects on microclimate and human thermal comfort. Three-dimensional microclimatic modelling software, ENVI-met, was used to simulate the microclimate and human thermal comfort. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was used to quantify the level of thermal comfort in selected research areas. Ten different scenarios were simulated, which included...
Research on urban heat mitigation has been growing in recent years with many of the studies focus... more Research on urban heat mitigation has been growing in recent years with many of the studies focusing on green infrastructure (GI) as a strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of Urban Heat Island (UHI). This paper aims at presenting a review of the range of findings from GI research for urban heat mitigation through a review of scientific articles published during the years 2009-2019. This research includes a review of the different types of GI and its contribution for urban heat mitigation and human thermal comfort. In addition to analyzing different mitigation strategies, numerical simulation tools that are commonly used are also reviewed. It is seen that ENVI-met is one of the modelling tools that is considered as a reliable tool to simulate different mitigation strategies and hence has been widely used in the recent past. Considering its popularity in urban microclimate studies, this article also provides a review of ENVI-met simulation results that were reported in the reviewe...
This study assesses Human Thermal Comfort in two selected areas: a Green Infrastructure (GI) area... more This study assesses Human Thermal Comfort in two selected areas: a Green Infrastructure (GI) area represented by a garden and a high-rise building area, in the Central Business District (CBD) of Melbourne, Australia. Three-dimensional microclimatic modelling software, ENVI-met version 4 was used to simulate the microclimate. The indices of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Temperature Climate Index (UTCI) were used to quantify the level of thermal comfort in the research areas. The simulation results showed that at midday, the difference in temperature between the garden area and the high-rise building area was approximately 1°C. Increasing temperatures at midday led to a change in the level of thermal comfort for both the areas, even though it was not significant. In general, the thermal perception in the GI area was slightly ‘cooler’ than in the high-rise building area. The results of the study indicated the important role of GI in...
International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering
This research studies the use of waste copper slag as a cement replacement in high-performance co... more This research studies the use of waste copper slag as a cement replacement in high-performance concrete (HPC). To obtain two level of fineness, the copper slag was milled using a ball mill. A mixture was prepared with different percentages of copper slag ranging from 0% to 40% in steps of 10%. To obtain the desired workability, a superplasticizer was used for the mixture using water to cement ratio of 0.3. Specific surface area (SSA) of the copper slag was assessed using the Blaine permeability test. The results obtained, showed that the strength of concretes with different copper slag proportions was comparable to or even better than the reference mixture at 56 days. The heavy metal content of copper slag can be solidified/stabilized in concrete, since they did not exceed the Indonesian Environmentally Regulation on the Management of the Waste of Hazardous.
Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is defined as a strategically planned network of natural and semi... more Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is defined as a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services, which include microclimate regulation and enhanced human thermal comfort. While green infrastructure is widely known to be capable of mitigating the adverse effects of urban heat island, the effect of blue infrastructure to regulate thermal comfort is still poorly understood. This study investigates several blue-green-infrastructure (BGI) scenarios in the central business district (CBD) of Melbourne, Australia to assess their effects on microclimate and human thermal comfort. Three-dimensional microclimatic modelling software, ENVI-met, was used to simulate the microclimate and human thermal comfort. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was used to quantify the level of thermal comfort in selected research areas. Ten different scenarios were simulated, which included...
Research on urban heat mitigation has been growing in recent years with many of the studies focus... more Research on urban heat mitigation has been growing in recent years with many of the studies focusing on green infrastructure (GI) as a strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of Urban Heat Island (UHI). This paper aims at presenting a review of the range of findings from GI research for urban heat mitigation through a review of scientific articles published during the years 2009-2019. This research includes a review of the different types of GI and its contribution for urban heat mitigation and human thermal comfort. In addition to analyzing different mitigation strategies, numerical simulation tools that are commonly used are also reviewed. It is seen that ENVI-met is one of the modelling tools that is considered as a reliable tool to simulate different mitigation strategies and hence has been widely used in the recent past. Considering its popularity in urban microclimate studies, this article also provides a review of ENVI-met simulation results that were reported in the reviewe...
This study assesses Human Thermal Comfort in two selected areas: a Green Infrastructure (GI) area... more This study assesses Human Thermal Comfort in two selected areas: a Green Infrastructure (GI) area represented by a garden and a high-rise building area, in the Central Business District (CBD) of Melbourne, Australia. Three-dimensional microclimatic modelling software, ENVI-met version 4 was used to simulate the microclimate. The indices of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Temperature Climate Index (UTCI) were used to quantify the level of thermal comfort in the research areas. The simulation results showed that at midday, the difference in temperature between the garden area and the high-rise building area was approximately 1°C. Increasing temperatures at midday led to a change in the level of thermal comfort for both the areas, even though it was not significant. In general, the thermal perception in the GI area was slightly ‘cooler’ than in the high-rise building area. The results of the study indicated the important role of GI in...
International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering
This research studies the use of waste copper slag as a cement replacement in high-performance co... more This research studies the use of waste copper slag as a cement replacement in high-performance concrete (HPC). To obtain two level of fineness, the copper slag was milled using a ball mill. A mixture was prepared with different percentages of copper slag ranging from 0% to 40% in steps of 10%. To obtain the desired workability, a superplasticizer was used for the mixture using water to cement ratio of 0.3. Specific surface area (SSA) of the copper slag was assessed using the Blaine permeability test. The results obtained, showed that the strength of concretes with different copper slag proportions was comparable to or even better than the reference mixture at 56 days. The heavy metal content of copper slag can be solidified/stabilized in concrete, since they did not exceed the Indonesian Environmentally Regulation on the Management of the Waste of Hazardous.
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