Papers by FATEMEH GHAFARI
The human mind is recognized as one of the most complex and fascinating topics in psychology. Fre... more The human mind is recognized as one of the most complex and fascinating topics in psychology. Freud's theory, which refers to the iceberg analogy, explains the structure of the human mind well and introduces the unconscious as the main source of our emotions, desires, and behaviors. This article examines two parts of the unconscious, namely the surface unconscious and the deeper unconscious, and their impacts on human behavior and emotions. We will also explore the new dimensions of this unconscious and how they are interconnected. The results of this investigation indicate that understanding and recognizing the unconscious can contribute to improving mental health and enhancing the quality of life. Finally, therapeutic methods and innovative techniques for accessing these dimensions of the unconscious will be discussed.
The human mind is recognized as one of the most complex and fascinating topics in psychology. Fre... more The human mind is recognized as one of the most complex and fascinating topics in psychology. Freud's theory, which refers to the iceberg analogy, explains the structure of the human mind well and introduces the unconscious as the main source of our emotions, desires, and behaviors. This article examines two parts of the unconscious, namely the surface unconscious and the deeper unconscious, and their impacts on human behavior and emotions. We will also explore the new dimensions of this unconscious and how they are interconnected. The results of this investigation indicate that understanding and recognizing the unconscious can contribute to improving mental health and enhancing the quality of life. Finally, therapeutic methods and innovative techniques for accessing these dimensions of the unconscious will be discussed.
The human mind is recognized as one of the most complex and fascinating topics in psychology. Fre... more The human mind is recognized as one of the most complex and fascinating topics in psychology. Freud's theory, which refers to the iceberg analogy, explains the structure of the human mind well and introduces the unconscious as the main source of our emotions, desires, and behaviors. This article examines two parts of the unconscious, namely the surface unconscious and the deeper unconscious, and their impacts on human behavior and emotions. We will also explore the new dimensions of this unconscious and how they are interconnected. The results of this investigation indicate that understanding and recognizing the unconscious can contribute to improving mental health and enhancing the quality of life. Finally, therapeutic methods and innovative techniques for accessing these dimensions of the unconscious will be discussed.
Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2005
The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of thermal treating on the release rate ... more The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of thermal treating on the release rate of diclofenac sodium from Eudragit RS and Eudragit RL matrices. Eudragit RS and RL are nonswelling polymers that have a low glass transition (Tg) temperature. The matrices were thermally treated at different temperatures (40, 50, 60, and 70 degrees C) for different periods of times (2, 5, and 24 h). The results showed that thermal treating at temperatures less than the Tg of the polymer has no effect on the release of the drug, whereas heat-treating at temperatures higher than the Tg decreases the release rate of diclofenac sodium from matrices. It was shown that the duration of heat treatment was also an important factor in controlling the release rate of diclofenac sodium from Eudragit matrices. The results showed that an increase in the duration of heat treatment from 2 h to 24 h resulted in a reduction in the release rate of the drug. Scanning electron microscopy of the cross section of the tablet before and after heat treating showed that the tablets were deformed and fused into a continuous and homogeneous structure after heat treating. Thermally treated tablets demonstrated fewer surface defects than did nonthermally treated tablets. These structural changes in the tablet compacts resulted in a matrix structure that decreased the release rate of the diclofenac sodium from Eudragit matrices.
Biologia, 2006
To study biosynthetic abilities of Lithospermum officinale, callus formation from young leaves an... more To study biosynthetic abilities of Lithospermum officinale, callus formation from young leaves and stems of the plant was induced on Linsmaier-Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-D (10−6 M) and kinetin (10−5 M). Maintaining the calli on this medium resulted in polyphenolic compounds production. Their transfer onto White medium containing IAA (10−7 M) and kinetin (10−5 M) resulted in the production of a red naphthoquinonic pigment named shikalkin. Shikalkin production from callus cultures was suppressed on the White medium containing NAA instead of IAA. This observation indicates that both shikalkin and polyphenolic acids biosynthetic pathways exist in the L. officinale callus cells and a regulatory system counterbalances the ratio of shikalkin to polyphenolic acids.
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Papers by FATEMEH GHAFARI