Abstract Poly(styrene-N‐isopropylmethacrylamide‐methacrylic acid) [P(SNM)CS] colloidal particles ... more Abstract Poly(styrene-N‐isopropylmethacrylamide‐methacrylic acid) [P(SNM)CS] colloidal particles were synthesized by two-step precipitation polymerization in aqueous system. Silver ions loaded into P(SNM)CS network were reduced by using NaBH4 as a reductant to obtain the aqueous dispersion of Ag-P(SNM)CS hybrid particles. Various techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize P(SNM)CS and Ag-P(SNM)CS systems. Silver nanoparticles have excellent stability in P(SNM)CS system even on their storage for months. Reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4Nph) was chosen as an exemplary reaction to examine the catalytic ability of newly synthesized Ag-P(SNM)CS hybrid microgels under different reaction conditions. Reaction progress was inspected by spectrophotometric method. The value of observed rate constant (kobs) was measured as a dependent of contents of Ag-P(SNM)CS, reductant and substrate using pseudo first order kinetic modeling to explore mechanism of catalysis by Ag-P(SNM)CS.
Abstract We are reporting here a novel antimony doped cobalt oxide based electrode material for s... more Abstract We are reporting here a novel antimony doped cobalt oxide based electrode material for supercapacitor application to overcome the current scenario of energy crises by offering excellent capacitive abilities. A facile hydrothermal route was employed to produce this antimony doped cobalt oxide material by varying content value of antimony in the range of 2–6 at. %. The X-ray diffraction results have successfully explored the cubic crystal structure along with phase composition of these as obtained Sb doped Co3O4 materials. The development of sub-micron sized structures-based material was explored by obtaining scanning electron microscopic images. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results have shown the highly pure nature of as obtained material. Cyclic voltammogram results have exhibited that among the SbCo-0, SbCo-2, SbCo-4 and SbCo-6 materials, SbCo-4 has exhibited higher specific capacitance value i.e 894.15 F/g than remaining, which was obtained by scanning the material at the scan rate of 5 mV/s. More significantly, Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles obtained at different scan rates ranging from 1 to 10 A/g, for SbCo-4 material has shown even good capacitance retention i.e 75.70% at higher sweep rate, equal to 10 A/g. On the basis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis, it is concluded that this material has also shown excellent conductive properties. Furthermore, after performing 3000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles, it is concluded that this material can possessed an excellent cycling stability equal to 82.02%. All these excellent capacitive properties shown by this material have suggested that it can be proved as a potential applicant in the field of energy storage devices.
Hyaluronidase is mostly widely recognized for its off-label use in correction of complications of... more Hyaluronidase is mostly widely recognized for its off-label use in correction of complications of hyaluronic acid fillers. However, its utility in other aspects of dermatology is less widely acknowledged. We describe the varied uses of hyaluronidase in dermatology and the underlying evidence base for its dermatological indications. This includes its uses in enhancing drug delivery (for local anesthesia, keloid and hypertrophic scars, and for Kaposi’s sarcoma), in the treatment of disorders associated with mucin deposition (myxedema, scleroderma, scleredema, and cutis verticis gyrata) and its potential uses in surgery (as a pre-operative adjuvant in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, for periorbital edema, and for hematomas). In select circumstances, hyaluronidase might be more efficacious than more established treatments with fewer adverse effects. We propose hyaluronidase as the latest addition to our global dermatological armamentarium and implore dermatologists to consider its use to enhance their practice.J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(10):993-998. doi:10.36849/JDD.2020.5416.
We introduce a new family of iterative methods for solving mathematical models whose governing eq... more We introduce a new family of iterative methods for solving mathematical models whose governing equations are nonlinear in nature. The new family gives several iterative schemes as special cases. We also give the convergence analysis of our proposed methods. In order to demonstrate the improved performance of newly developed methods, we consider some nonlinear equations along with two complex mathematical models. The graphical analysis for these models is also presented.
Critical reviews in analytical chemistry, Jan 30, 2018
Noble metal nanoparticles loaded smart polymer microgels have gained much attention due to fascin... more Noble metal nanoparticles loaded smart polymer microgels have gained much attention due to fascinating combination of their properties in a single system. These hybrid systems have been extensively used in biomedicines, photonics, and catalysis. Hybrid microgels are characterized by using various techniques but UV/Vis spectroscopy is an easily available technique for characterization of noble metal nanoparticles loaded microgels. This technique is widely used for determination of size and shape of metal nanoparticles. The tuning of optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles under various stimuli can be studied using UV/Vis spectroscopic method. Time course UV/Vis spectroscopy can also be used to monitor the kinetics of swelling and deswelling of microgels and hybrid microgels. Growth of metal nanoparticles in polymeric network or growth of polymeric network around metal nanoparticle core can be studied by using UV/Vis spectroscopy. This technique can also be used for investigat...
International Journal of Pure and Apllied Mathematics, 2014
Following the approach of [9], in this paper, an approach using Tau method based on Legendre oper... more Following the approach of [9], in this paper, an approach using Tau method based on Legendre operational matrix of differentiation has been introduced for solving general form of second order linear and nonlinear ordinay differential equations. With the implementation of this scheme the actual problem is converted into a system of algebraic equations, whose solutions are the Legendre coefficients. Some illustrative examples are also given to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the method.
A 92 year old man presented to his primary care doctor complaining of a lesion on his right nostr... more A 92 year old man presented to his primary care doctor complaining of a lesion on his right nostril (fig 1⇓). The lesion had been present for 10 or more years, however recently it had increased in size. His only history was of chronic renal impairment. Examination revealed a 10 mm pink, pearlescent, pedunculated nodule with telangiectasia arising from the right nasal ala. Fig 1 A pearlescent nodule with telangiectasia arising from the right nasal ala ### 1. What is the most likely diagnosis? #### Short answer Basal cell carcinoma. #### Discussion The lesion is a pearly nodule with telangiectasia arising from the right nasal ala. The clinical appearances are characteristic of basal cell carcinoma, which is the most common cutaneous malignancy.1 The main risk factor is ultraviolet light exposure; other risk factors include having fair skin, exposure to radiation, and various genetic syndromes including naevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin) syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum. A history of slow …
Experiments conducted in rats have shown that polyphenols extracted from cocoa beans have a signi... more Experiments conducted in rats have shown that polyphenols extracted from cocoa beans have a significant effect on preventing weight gain and reducing body fat deposits when eating a high-fat diet. Over a 12-week period, rats fed a diet rich in fat put on weight and showed increases in blood cholesterol and liver fat deposits, but these effects were significantly reduced if the rats were also fed a supplementary amount of cocoa polyphenols. This research was presented at the International Congress on Obesity, 17-20 March, Kuala Lumpur.
Osteoporosis is associated with a decrease in the commitment of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to t... more Osteoporosis is associated with a decrease in the commitment of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to the bone forming osteoblast lineage and an increase in the commitment to the fat forming adipocyte lineage in bone marrow of elderly persons. A link between methylation pathway and MSC differentiation remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesize that alterations in the commitment and differentiation potential of MSC during osteoporosis may be mediated by modification of global methylation pathway. To examine the role of methylation pathway on the differentiation potential of MSC into osteoblasts or adipocytes, human MSC, were used. Adox, which mimics hyperhomocysteinemia effect, was added to cells as a potent methylation inhibitor to block the global methylation pathway of DNA, RNA, Lipid and protein. The effect of demethylation on osteoblast differentiation was determined by measuring the alkaline phosphates activity and the degree of calcification. While, adipocyte differentiation was determined by Oil-red O staining and triglyceride content. It was clearly observed that demethylation reduces alkaline phosphates activity, calcification and thereby, osteoblast differentiation. In contrast, adipocyte differentiation was stimulated by demethylation. The results of this study suggest that demethylation changes the differentiation potential of MSC for more adipogenic and less osteogenic.
The effects of the oxyaporphine alkaloid thalicminine on guinea-pig isolated ileum, trachea, aort... more The effects of the oxyaporphine alkaloid thalicminine on guinea-pig isolated ileum, trachea, aorta and pulmonary artery and on blood pressure and heart rate of anesthetized guinea-pigs were studied. 2. Thalicminine (1-300 tzM) caused the relaxation of the longitudinal ileal segments. The relaxation induced by 300/~M was followed by vigorous contractions. 3. Thalicminine caused only mild relaxation of the trachea. 4. Thalicminine (0.3-300 # M) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of epinephrine-precontracted aorta and main pulmonary artery. 5. Propranolol (1 #M) failed to reduce the relaxation or to affect the ECs0 value of thalicminine on the ileum or the pulmonary artery. 6. Quinacrine (10 tz M), on the other hand, potentiated thalicminine-induced relaxation and reduced the ECs0 on the aorta and the pulmonary artery suggesting the interference of thalicminine with arachidonic acid metabolism. 7. In anesthetized animals, intravenous injections of 0.37-1.1 mg/kg of thalicminine caused transient reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Both parameters returned to their normal values in about 10 min.
The antioxidant components of cocoa powder, which is rich in polyphenols, were isolated using col... more The antioxidant components of cocoa powder, which is rich in polyphenols, were isolated using column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Polyphenolic compounds were then characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography/Ultraviolet and electronspray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-/ESI-MS-MS). As a result, five phenolic compounds were detected. In this study we also investigated scavenging or the total antioxidant capacity (%) of cocoa polyphenol (CP) fractionated from cocoa powder extract. 114.0 mg/g of gallic acid-equivalent phenolics and 94.3 mg/ g catechin-equivalent flavonoids were quantified in this extract. Their free radical-scavenging activity was assessed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay, β-carotene bleaching test, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (OX). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was further assessed against the myoglobin-induced oxidation of 6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (ABTS) and expressed as Trolox equivalent. A high correlation between TAC and phenolic contents indicated that phenolic compounds from cocoa were a major contributor of antioxidant activity (0.967≤r≤1.00). CP extract had significantly (P <0.05) potential antioxidant activities with various concentrations. These results suggest that Polyphenols-rich cocoa extract possess prominent medical properties and can be exploited as natural drug to treat free radical associated diseases. Keywords Cocoa polyphenols. LC-UV. LC-MS/MS. Free radicals. Antioxidant activity Abbreviations HPLC-UV-/ ESI-MS-MS High-performance liquid chromatography/ Ultraviolet and electronspray ionizationtandem mass spectrometry BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ABTS 2,2′-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6sulfonic acid ABTS•+ ABTS cation radical TAC Total antioxidant capacity Trolox 6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid Faisal Ali and Yazan Ranneh contributed equally to this work and therefore, share the first authorship.
A decrease in the lineage commitment of multipotent Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to the bone form... more A decrease in the lineage commitment of multipotent Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to the bone forming osteoblast lineage and an increase in the commitment to the fat forming adipocyte lineage is more common in bone marrow of elderly persons. A link between methylation status and MSC differentiation remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesize that hypomethylation may decide the fate decisions of MSC. In the current study, murine bone marrow derived-C3H10T1/2 stem cell was used to examine the role of methylation mechanism on the differentiation potential of stem cells into osteoblasts or adipocytes. C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with Periodate oxidized adenosine (Adox), an inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine-dependent hydrolase (SAHH), which in turn block the non-DNA methylation pathway. The effect of hypomethylation on C3H10T1/2 stem cell differentiation was determined by measuring the alkaline phosphates activity and the degree of mineralization as well as Oil-red O staining and lipid ...
Colon cancer is considered one of the primary causes of death-related cancer in Western universe.... more Colon cancer is considered one of the primary causes of death-related cancer in Western universe. Although it is recommended in most of advanced cases of this disease, cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are relatively become ineffectual. Increasing the dietary intake of fruits and vegetables in order to reduce this disease is thought to be a viable and alternative path. Polyphenols are commonly found in cocoa beans and cocoa products. One potential strategy to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress is consumption of polyphenol-rich foods like cocoa or their by products, which have anti-inflammatory effects. Based on those properties, there is a promising scenario on the therapeutic contribution of cocoa on colon cancer. Very currently, few studies have examined the anti-carcinogenic role of cocoa. Therefore, the present review critically evaluates cocoa's effect in colon cancer as conducted, both in-vivo and in-vitro.
Shear strength curve of unsaturated soils for vacuum consolidation works. Kasim, Fauziah and Lim,... more Shear strength curve of unsaturated soils for vacuum consolidation works. Kasim, Fauziah and Lim, Sern Wang and Ali, Faisal (2006) Shear strength curve of unsaturated soils for vacuum consolidation works. ... ID Code: 25493. Deposited By: Liza Porijo. ...
Obesity and related metabolic diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hyper... more Obesity and related metabolic diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension) are the most prevailing nutrition-related issues in the world. An emerging feature of obesity is their relationship with chronic inflammation that begins in white adipose tissue and eventually becomes systemic. One potential dietary strategy to reduce glucose intolerance and inflammation is consumption of polyphenol-rich cocoa-like cocoa or their by-products. In vitro as well as in vivo data indicate that cocoa polyphenols (CPs) may exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Polyphenols commonly found in cocoa have been reported to regulate lipid metabolism via inducing metabolic gene expression or activating transcription factors that regulate the expression of numerous genes, many of which play an important role in energy metabolism. Currently, several molecular targets (e.g., nuclear factor Kappa B, activated protein-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, and adiponectin gene) have been identified, which may explain potential beneficial obesity-associated diseases effects of CPs. Further studies have been performed regarding the protective effects of CPs against metabolic diseases by suppressing transcription factors that antagonize lipid accumulation. Thus, polyphenols-rich cocoa products may diminish obesity-mediated metabolic diseases by multiple mechanisms, thereby attenuating chronic inflammation.
Abstract Poly(styrene-N‐isopropylmethacrylamide‐methacrylic acid) [P(SNM)CS] colloidal particles ... more Abstract Poly(styrene-N‐isopropylmethacrylamide‐methacrylic acid) [P(SNM)CS] colloidal particles were synthesized by two-step precipitation polymerization in aqueous system. Silver ions loaded into P(SNM)CS network were reduced by using NaBH4 as a reductant to obtain the aqueous dispersion of Ag-P(SNM)CS hybrid particles. Various techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize P(SNM)CS and Ag-P(SNM)CS systems. Silver nanoparticles have excellent stability in P(SNM)CS system even on their storage for months. Reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4Nph) was chosen as an exemplary reaction to examine the catalytic ability of newly synthesized Ag-P(SNM)CS hybrid microgels under different reaction conditions. Reaction progress was inspected by spectrophotometric method. The value of observed rate constant (kobs) was measured as a dependent of contents of Ag-P(SNM)CS, reductant and substrate using pseudo first order kinetic modeling to explore mechanism of catalysis by Ag-P(SNM)CS.
Abstract We are reporting here a novel antimony doped cobalt oxide based electrode material for s... more Abstract We are reporting here a novel antimony doped cobalt oxide based electrode material for supercapacitor application to overcome the current scenario of energy crises by offering excellent capacitive abilities. A facile hydrothermal route was employed to produce this antimony doped cobalt oxide material by varying content value of antimony in the range of 2–6 at. %. The X-ray diffraction results have successfully explored the cubic crystal structure along with phase composition of these as obtained Sb doped Co3O4 materials. The development of sub-micron sized structures-based material was explored by obtaining scanning electron microscopic images. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results have shown the highly pure nature of as obtained material. Cyclic voltammogram results have exhibited that among the SbCo-0, SbCo-2, SbCo-4 and SbCo-6 materials, SbCo-4 has exhibited higher specific capacitance value i.e 894.15 F/g than remaining, which was obtained by scanning the material at the scan rate of 5 mV/s. More significantly, Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles obtained at different scan rates ranging from 1 to 10 A/g, for SbCo-4 material has shown even good capacitance retention i.e 75.70% at higher sweep rate, equal to 10 A/g. On the basis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis, it is concluded that this material has also shown excellent conductive properties. Furthermore, after performing 3000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles, it is concluded that this material can possessed an excellent cycling stability equal to 82.02%. All these excellent capacitive properties shown by this material have suggested that it can be proved as a potential applicant in the field of energy storage devices.
Hyaluronidase is mostly widely recognized for its off-label use in correction of complications of... more Hyaluronidase is mostly widely recognized for its off-label use in correction of complications of hyaluronic acid fillers. However, its utility in other aspects of dermatology is less widely acknowledged. We describe the varied uses of hyaluronidase in dermatology and the underlying evidence base for its dermatological indications. This includes its uses in enhancing drug delivery (for local anesthesia, keloid and hypertrophic scars, and for Kaposi’s sarcoma), in the treatment of disorders associated with mucin deposition (myxedema, scleroderma, scleredema, and cutis verticis gyrata) and its potential uses in surgery (as a pre-operative adjuvant in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, for periorbital edema, and for hematomas). In select circumstances, hyaluronidase might be more efficacious than more established treatments with fewer adverse effects. We propose hyaluronidase as the latest addition to our global dermatological armamentarium and implore dermatologists to consider its use to enhance their practice.J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(10):993-998. doi:10.36849/JDD.2020.5416.
We introduce a new family of iterative methods for solving mathematical models whose governing eq... more We introduce a new family of iterative methods for solving mathematical models whose governing equations are nonlinear in nature. The new family gives several iterative schemes as special cases. We also give the convergence analysis of our proposed methods. In order to demonstrate the improved performance of newly developed methods, we consider some nonlinear equations along with two complex mathematical models. The graphical analysis for these models is also presented.
Critical reviews in analytical chemistry, Jan 30, 2018
Noble metal nanoparticles loaded smart polymer microgels have gained much attention due to fascin... more Noble metal nanoparticles loaded smart polymer microgels have gained much attention due to fascinating combination of their properties in a single system. These hybrid systems have been extensively used in biomedicines, photonics, and catalysis. Hybrid microgels are characterized by using various techniques but UV/Vis spectroscopy is an easily available technique for characterization of noble metal nanoparticles loaded microgels. This technique is widely used for determination of size and shape of metal nanoparticles. The tuning of optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles under various stimuli can be studied using UV/Vis spectroscopic method. Time course UV/Vis spectroscopy can also be used to monitor the kinetics of swelling and deswelling of microgels and hybrid microgels. Growth of metal nanoparticles in polymeric network or growth of polymeric network around metal nanoparticle core can be studied by using UV/Vis spectroscopy. This technique can also be used for investigat...
International Journal of Pure and Apllied Mathematics, 2014
Following the approach of [9], in this paper, an approach using Tau method based on Legendre oper... more Following the approach of [9], in this paper, an approach using Tau method based on Legendre operational matrix of differentiation has been introduced for solving general form of second order linear and nonlinear ordinay differential equations. With the implementation of this scheme the actual problem is converted into a system of algebraic equations, whose solutions are the Legendre coefficients. Some illustrative examples are also given to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the method.
A 92 year old man presented to his primary care doctor complaining of a lesion on his right nostr... more A 92 year old man presented to his primary care doctor complaining of a lesion on his right nostril (fig 1⇓). The lesion had been present for 10 or more years, however recently it had increased in size. His only history was of chronic renal impairment. Examination revealed a 10 mm pink, pearlescent, pedunculated nodule with telangiectasia arising from the right nasal ala. Fig 1 A pearlescent nodule with telangiectasia arising from the right nasal ala ### 1. What is the most likely diagnosis? #### Short answer Basal cell carcinoma. #### Discussion The lesion is a pearly nodule with telangiectasia arising from the right nasal ala. The clinical appearances are characteristic of basal cell carcinoma, which is the most common cutaneous malignancy.1 The main risk factor is ultraviolet light exposure; other risk factors include having fair skin, exposure to radiation, and various genetic syndromes including naevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin) syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum. A history of slow …
Experiments conducted in rats have shown that polyphenols extracted from cocoa beans have a signi... more Experiments conducted in rats have shown that polyphenols extracted from cocoa beans have a significant effect on preventing weight gain and reducing body fat deposits when eating a high-fat diet. Over a 12-week period, rats fed a diet rich in fat put on weight and showed increases in blood cholesterol and liver fat deposits, but these effects were significantly reduced if the rats were also fed a supplementary amount of cocoa polyphenols. This research was presented at the International Congress on Obesity, 17-20 March, Kuala Lumpur.
Osteoporosis is associated with a decrease in the commitment of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to t... more Osteoporosis is associated with a decrease in the commitment of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to the bone forming osteoblast lineage and an increase in the commitment to the fat forming adipocyte lineage in bone marrow of elderly persons. A link between methylation pathway and MSC differentiation remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesize that alterations in the commitment and differentiation potential of MSC during osteoporosis may be mediated by modification of global methylation pathway. To examine the role of methylation pathway on the differentiation potential of MSC into osteoblasts or adipocytes, human MSC, were used. Adox, which mimics hyperhomocysteinemia effect, was added to cells as a potent methylation inhibitor to block the global methylation pathway of DNA, RNA, Lipid and protein. The effect of demethylation on osteoblast differentiation was determined by measuring the alkaline phosphates activity and the degree of calcification. While, adipocyte differentiation was determined by Oil-red O staining and triglyceride content. It was clearly observed that demethylation reduces alkaline phosphates activity, calcification and thereby, osteoblast differentiation. In contrast, adipocyte differentiation was stimulated by demethylation. The results of this study suggest that demethylation changes the differentiation potential of MSC for more adipogenic and less osteogenic.
The effects of the oxyaporphine alkaloid thalicminine on guinea-pig isolated ileum, trachea, aort... more The effects of the oxyaporphine alkaloid thalicminine on guinea-pig isolated ileum, trachea, aorta and pulmonary artery and on blood pressure and heart rate of anesthetized guinea-pigs were studied. 2. Thalicminine (1-300 tzM) caused the relaxation of the longitudinal ileal segments. The relaxation induced by 300/~M was followed by vigorous contractions. 3. Thalicminine caused only mild relaxation of the trachea. 4. Thalicminine (0.3-300 # M) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of epinephrine-precontracted aorta and main pulmonary artery. 5. Propranolol (1 #M) failed to reduce the relaxation or to affect the ECs0 value of thalicminine on the ileum or the pulmonary artery. 6. Quinacrine (10 tz M), on the other hand, potentiated thalicminine-induced relaxation and reduced the ECs0 on the aorta and the pulmonary artery suggesting the interference of thalicminine with arachidonic acid metabolism. 7. In anesthetized animals, intravenous injections of 0.37-1.1 mg/kg of thalicminine caused transient reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Both parameters returned to their normal values in about 10 min.
The antioxidant components of cocoa powder, which is rich in polyphenols, were isolated using col... more The antioxidant components of cocoa powder, which is rich in polyphenols, were isolated using column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Polyphenolic compounds were then characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography/Ultraviolet and electronspray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-/ESI-MS-MS). As a result, five phenolic compounds were detected. In this study we also investigated scavenging or the total antioxidant capacity (%) of cocoa polyphenol (CP) fractionated from cocoa powder extract. 114.0 mg/g of gallic acid-equivalent phenolics and 94.3 mg/ g catechin-equivalent flavonoids were quantified in this extract. Their free radical-scavenging activity was assessed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay, β-carotene bleaching test, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (OX). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was further assessed against the myoglobin-induced oxidation of 6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (ABTS) and expressed as Trolox equivalent. A high correlation between TAC and phenolic contents indicated that phenolic compounds from cocoa were a major contributor of antioxidant activity (0.967≤r≤1.00). CP extract had significantly (P <0.05) potential antioxidant activities with various concentrations. These results suggest that Polyphenols-rich cocoa extract possess prominent medical properties and can be exploited as natural drug to treat free radical associated diseases. Keywords Cocoa polyphenols. LC-UV. LC-MS/MS. Free radicals. Antioxidant activity Abbreviations HPLC-UV-/ ESI-MS-MS High-performance liquid chromatography/ Ultraviolet and electronspray ionizationtandem mass spectrometry BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ABTS 2,2′-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6sulfonic acid ABTS•+ ABTS cation radical TAC Total antioxidant capacity Trolox 6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid Faisal Ali and Yazan Ranneh contributed equally to this work and therefore, share the first authorship.
A decrease in the lineage commitment of multipotent Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to the bone form... more A decrease in the lineage commitment of multipotent Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to the bone forming osteoblast lineage and an increase in the commitment to the fat forming adipocyte lineage is more common in bone marrow of elderly persons. A link between methylation status and MSC differentiation remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesize that hypomethylation may decide the fate decisions of MSC. In the current study, murine bone marrow derived-C3H10T1/2 stem cell was used to examine the role of methylation mechanism on the differentiation potential of stem cells into osteoblasts or adipocytes. C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with Periodate oxidized adenosine (Adox), an inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine-dependent hydrolase (SAHH), which in turn block the non-DNA methylation pathway. The effect of hypomethylation on C3H10T1/2 stem cell differentiation was determined by measuring the alkaline phosphates activity and the degree of mineralization as well as Oil-red O staining and lipid ...
Colon cancer is considered one of the primary causes of death-related cancer in Western universe.... more Colon cancer is considered one of the primary causes of death-related cancer in Western universe. Although it is recommended in most of advanced cases of this disease, cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are relatively become ineffectual. Increasing the dietary intake of fruits and vegetables in order to reduce this disease is thought to be a viable and alternative path. Polyphenols are commonly found in cocoa beans and cocoa products. One potential strategy to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress is consumption of polyphenol-rich foods like cocoa or their by products, which have anti-inflammatory effects. Based on those properties, there is a promising scenario on the therapeutic contribution of cocoa on colon cancer. Very currently, few studies have examined the anti-carcinogenic role of cocoa. Therefore, the present review critically evaluates cocoa's effect in colon cancer as conducted, both in-vivo and in-vitro.
Shear strength curve of unsaturated soils for vacuum consolidation works. Kasim, Fauziah and Lim,... more Shear strength curve of unsaturated soils for vacuum consolidation works. Kasim, Fauziah and Lim, Sern Wang and Ali, Faisal (2006) Shear strength curve of unsaturated soils for vacuum consolidation works. ... ID Code: 25493. Deposited By: Liza Porijo. ...
Obesity and related metabolic diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hyper... more Obesity and related metabolic diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension) are the most prevailing nutrition-related issues in the world. An emerging feature of obesity is their relationship with chronic inflammation that begins in white adipose tissue and eventually becomes systemic. One potential dietary strategy to reduce glucose intolerance and inflammation is consumption of polyphenol-rich cocoa-like cocoa or their by-products. In vitro as well as in vivo data indicate that cocoa polyphenols (CPs) may exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Polyphenols commonly found in cocoa have been reported to regulate lipid metabolism via inducing metabolic gene expression or activating transcription factors that regulate the expression of numerous genes, many of which play an important role in energy metabolism. Currently, several molecular targets (e.g., nuclear factor Kappa B, activated protein-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, and adiponectin gene) have been identified, which may explain potential beneficial obesity-associated diseases effects of CPs. Further studies have been performed regarding the protective effects of CPs against metabolic diseases by suppressing transcription factors that antagonize lipid accumulation. Thus, polyphenols-rich cocoa products may diminish obesity-mediated metabolic diseases by multiple mechanisms, thereby attenuating chronic inflammation.
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