Stress resilience is the ability of neuronal networks to maintain function despite exposure to st... more Stress resilience is the ability of neuronal networks to maintain function despite exposure to stress. In this study, we investigated whether stress resilience is an actively developed dynamic process in adult mice. To assess the resilient and anhedonic behavioral phenotypes developed after induction the chronic unpredictable stress, we quantitatively characterized the structural and functional plasticity of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus using a combination of proteomic, electrophysiological, and imaging methods. Our results indicate that stress resilience is a dynamic and multifactorial process manifested by structural, functional, and molecular changes in synapses. We reveal that chronic stress influences palmitoylation, the profiles of which differ between resilient and anhedonic animals. We also observed that stress resilience is associated with structural compensatory plasticity of the postsynaptic parts of synapses.One Sentence SummaryCompensatory remodeling of dendri...
In this article a rotating droplet system is used for simultaneous detection of dopamine and sero... more In this article a rotating droplet system is used for simultaneous detection of dopamine and serotonin. Carbon nanoparticles functionalized with sulfonic groups on the electrode surface enables potential discrimination between the neurotransmitters and the most common interferences, whereas the efficient and low-volume hydrodynamic system helps to lower the detection limit to-wards physiologically relevant concentrations. Here we present results with a 10 nM limit of detection for serotonin and a 100 nM - 2 µM linear response range from the system, in a sample containing equimolar concentration of dopamine and 0.5 mM concentration of both uric and ascorbic acids. Demonstrating the practical applicability of this method, we measure the concentration of serotonin in 70 µL mice blood serum samples without additional pretreatment.
Depression is the most common psychiatric disease but the effectiveness of available therapies is... more Depression is the most common psychiatric disease but the effectiveness of available therapies is limited. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are largely unknown and significantly limit the treatment strategies. Neuronal plasticity is crucial for adaptation of the central nervous system to the environment and requires the reorganization of existing synapses, their structure and efficacy of information transfer. Aversive cues such as stress or pain when chronic may induce depression and aberrant neuronal plasticity on the cellular level. In this article we present selected experimental techniques currently employed in studies of the pathomechanism of depression, including structural imaging, electrophysiology and proteomic analysis. We also review current animal models that reflect some aspects of depression observed in humans. Combining of multidisciplinary approach and multiple research techniques with animal models should provide us with a better understanding of the...
Three dimensional segmentation and analysis of dendritic spines involve two major challenges: 1) ... more Three dimensional segmentation and analysis of dendritic spines involve two major challenges: 1) how to segment individual spines from the dendrites and 2) how to quantitatively assess the morphology of individual spines. We developed a software named 3dSpAn to address these two issues by implementing our previously published 3D multiscale opening algorithm in shared intensity space and using effective morphological features for individual dendritic spine plasticity analysis. 3dSpAn consists of four modules: Preprocessing and ROI selection, Intensity thresholding and seed selection, Multiscale segmentation and Quantitative morphological feature extraction. We show the results of segmentation and morphological analysis for different observation methods, including in vitro and ex vivo imaging with confocal microscopy, and in vivo samples, using high-resolution two-photon microscopy. The software is freely available, the source code, windows installer, the software manual and video tutorial can be obtained from: https://sites.google.com/view/3dSpAn/.
Numerous brain diseases are associated with abnormalities in morphology and density of dendritic ... more Numerous brain diseases are associated with abnormalities in morphology and density of dendritic spines, small membranous protrusions whose structural geometry correlates with the strength of synaptic connections. Thus, the quantitative analysis of dendritic spines remodeling in microscopic images is one of the key elements towards understanding mechanisms of structural neuronal plasticity and bases of brain pathology. In the following article, we review experimental approaches designed to assess quantitative features of dendritic spines under physiological stimuli and in pathological conditions. We compare various methodological pipelines of biological models, sample preparation, data analysis, image acquisition, sample size, and statistical analysis. The methodology and results of relevant experiments are systematically summarized in a tabular form. In particular, we focus on quantitative data regarding the number of animals, cells, dendritic spines, types of studied parameters, s...
Ketamine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist that has gained wide attention as a poten... more Ketamine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist that has gained wide attention as a potent antidepressant. It has also been recently reported to have prophylactic effects in animal models of depression and anxiety. Alterations of neuroplasticity in different brain regions; such as the hippocampus; prefrontal cortex; and amygdala; are a hallmark of stress-related disorders; and such changes may endure beyond the treatment of symptoms. The present study investigated whether a prophylactic injection of ketamine has effects on structural plasticity in the brain in mice that are subjected to chronic unpredictable stress followed by an 8-day recovery period. Ketamine administration (3 mg/kg body weight) 1 h before stress exposure increased the number of resilient animals immediately after the cessation of stress exposure and positively influenced the recovery of susceptible animals to hedonic deficits. At the end of the recovery period; ketamine-treated animals exhibited significa...
Electronic tongue systems are traditionally used to analyse: food products, water samples and tas... more Electronic tongue systems are traditionally used to analyse: food products, water samples and taste masking technologies for pharmaceuticals. In principle, their applications are almost limitless, as they are able to almost completely reduce the impact of interferents and can be applied to distinguish samples of extreme complexity as for example broths from different stages of fermentation. Nevertheless, their applications outside the three principal sample types are, in comparison, rather scarce. In this review, we would like to take a closer look on what are real capabilities of electronic tongue systems, what can be achieved using mixed sensor arrays and by introduction of biosensors or molecularly imprinted polymers in the matrix. We will discuss future directions both in the sense of applications as well as system development in the ever-growing trend of low cost analysis.
Stress resilience is the ability of neuronal networks to maintain function despite exposure to st... more Stress resilience is the ability of neuronal networks to maintain function despite exposure to stress. In this study, we investigated whether stress resilience is an actively developed dynamic process in adult mice. To assess the resilient and anhedonic behavioral phenotypes developed after induction the chronic unpredictable stress, we quantitatively characterized the structural and functional plasticity of excitatory synapses in the hippocampus using a combination of proteomic, electrophysiological, and imaging methods. Our results indicate that stress resilience is a dynamic and multifactorial process manifested by structural, functional, and molecular changes in synapses. We reveal that chronic stress influences palmitoylation, the profiles of which differ between resilient and anhedonic animals. We also observed that stress resilience is associated with structural compensatory plasticity of the postsynaptic parts of synapses.One Sentence SummaryCompensatory remodeling of dendri...
In this article a rotating droplet system is used for simultaneous detection of dopamine and sero... more In this article a rotating droplet system is used for simultaneous detection of dopamine and serotonin. Carbon nanoparticles functionalized with sulfonic groups on the electrode surface enables potential discrimination between the neurotransmitters and the most common interferences, whereas the efficient and low-volume hydrodynamic system helps to lower the detection limit to-wards physiologically relevant concentrations. Here we present results with a 10 nM limit of detection for serotonin and a 100 nM - 2 µM linear response range from the system, in a sample containing equimolar concentration of dopamine and 0.5 mM concentration of both uric and ascorbic acids. Demonstrating the practical applicability of this method, we measure the concentration of serotonin in 70 µL mice blood serum samples without additional pretreatment.
Depression is the most common psychiatric disease but the effectiveness of available therapies is... more Depression is the most common psychiatric disease but the effectiveness of available therapies is limited. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are largely unknown and significantly limit the treatment strategies. Neuronal plasticity is crucial for adaptation of the central nervous system to the environment and requires the reorganization of existing synapses, their structure and efficacy of information transfer. Aversive cues such as stress or pain when chronic may induce depression and aberrant neuronal plasticity on the cellular level. In this article we present selected experimental techniques currently employed in studies of the pathomechanism of depression, including structural imaging, electrophysiology and proteomic analysis. We also review current animal models that reflect some aspects of depression observed in humans. Combining of multidisciplinary approach and multiple research techniques with animal models should provide us with a better understanding of the...
Three dimensional segmentation and analysis of dendritic spines involve two major challenges: 1) ... more Three dimensional segmentation and analysis of dendritic spines involve two major challenges: 1) how to segment individual spines from the dendrites and 2) how to quantitatively assess the morphology of individual spines. We developed a software named 3dSpAn to address these two issues by implementing our previously published 3D multiscale opening algorithm in shared intensity space and using effective morphological features for individual dendritic spine plasticity analysis. 3dSpAn consists of four modules: Preprocessing and ROI selection, Intensity thresholding and seed selection, Multiscale segmentation and Quantitative morphological feature extraction. We show the results of segmentation and morphological analysis for different observation methods, including in vitro and ex vivo imaging with confocal microscopy, and in vivo samples, using high-resolution two-photon microscopy. The software is freely available, the source code, windows installer, the software manual and video tutorial can be obtained from: https://sites.google.com/view/3dSpAn/.
Numerous brain diseases are associated with abnormalities in morphology and density of dendritic ... more Numerous brain diseases are associated with abnormalities in morphology and density of dendritic spines, small membranous protrusions whose structural geometry correlates with the strength of synaptic connections. Thus, the quantitative analysis of dendritic spines remodeling in microscopic images is one of the key elements towards understanding mechanisms of structural neuronal plasticity and bases of brain pathology. In the following article, we review experimental approaches designed to assess quantitative features of dendritic spines under physiological stimuli and in pathological conditions. We compare various methodological pipelines of biological models, sample preparation, data analysis, image acquisition, sample size, and statistical analysis. The methodology and results of relevant experiments are systematically summarized in a tabular form. In particular, we focus on quantitative data regarding the number of animals, cells, dendritic spines, types of studied parameters, s...
Ketamine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist that has gained wide attention as a poten... more Ketamine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist that has gained wide attention as a potent antidepressant. It has also been recently reported to have prophylactic effects in animal models of depression and anxiety. Alterations of neuroplasticity in different brain regions; such as the hippocampus; prefrontal cortex; and amygdala; are a hallmark of stress-related disorders; and such changes may endure beyond the treatment of symptoms. The present study investigated whether a prophylactic injection of ketamine has effects on structural plasticity in the brain in mice that are subjected to chronic unpredictable stress followed by an 8-day recovery period. Ketamine administration (3 mg/kg body weight) 1 h before stress exposure increased the number of resilient animals immediately after the cessation of stress exposure and positively influenced the recovery of susceptible animals to hedonic deficits. At the end of the recovery period; ketamine-treated animals exhibited significa...
Electronic tongue systems are traditionally used to analyse: food products, water samples and tas... more Electronic tongue systems are traditionally used to analyse: food products, water samples and taste masking technologies for pharmaceuticals. In principle, their applications are almost limitless, as they are able to almost completely reduce the impact of interferents and can be applied to distinguish samples of extreme complexity as for example broths from different stages of fermentation. Nevertheless, their applications outside the three principal sample types are, in comparison, rather scarce. In this review, we would like to take a closer look on what are real capabilities of electronic tongue systems, what can be achieved using mixed sensor arrays and by introduction of biosensors or molecularly imprinted polymers in the matrix. We will discuss future directions both in the sense of applications as well as system development in the ever-growing trend of low cost analysis.
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Papers by Ewa Bączyńska