DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009
Arrangement of concerning wide determination the territorial of sea is conducted by withdrawal th... more Arrangement of concerning wide determination the territorial of sea is conducted by withdrawal the jetty lines that done by harmonizing the regulation of the stipulating the useful of the archipelago jetty lines that matching with region of NKRI by positive law instrument of Indonesia. But which require to be reemphasized is Indonesia obligation to make a map of the regional border line of Indonesia, because till in the end Indonesia still use the illustrative map that made in the 1960 year. The government of Indonesia have to immediately make the map of the region of Indonesia by using dot co-ordinate of the jetty lines of Indonesia archipelago which have been specified according to PP No.37 year 2008 to take care the sovereignty of Indonesia. Kata kunci : pengukuran lebar laut territorial, garis pangkal dan hukum Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki rangkaian ribuan pulau-pulau yang tersebar dan terbentang di sepanjang Katulistiwa. Kondisi geografis dan karakteristik alam yang menguntungkan ini, membuat Indonesia menjadi daya tarik bagi negara-negara luar untuk dapat dimiliki. Karakteristik yang demikian memaksa Indonesia untuk dapat menjaga dan mempertahankan keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Kedaulatan teritorial tetap merupakan suatu konsep penting dalam hukum internasional. Dalam hukum internasonal perolehan dan hilangnya wilayah negara akan menimbulkan dampak terhadap kedaulatan negara atas wilayah itu. 1 Faktor wilayah merupakan salah satu sendi esensial bagi eksistensi suatu negara, artinya tanpa wilayah, suatu negara tidak akan ada. Secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa wilayah suatu negara terdiri dari wilayah darat, laut/perairan dan udara. Namun kenyataan menunjukkan tidak semua negara wilayahnya terdiri dari ketiga matra tersebut. Indonesia dilihat dari segi teritorinya adalah suatu negara yang memiliki ketiga matra wilayah tersebut,
World Global Crisis causes all trade world find difficulties. There will be increasing particular... more World Global Crisis causes all trade world find difficulties. There will be increasing particularly import product in a country, including to Indonesian market. This situation faced by national industry. This getting worse by the implementation of free trade agreement between ASEAN member and China in the form of ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Steel as national strategic industry is a vital industry for developing country like Indonesia, so government should protect it against incursion of import products. Increasing imported products directly impact to most downstream steel industry, such as nail, successor steel, strand metal, steel wire rope, nut, boltand other. Indonesia as member of WTO can use GATT/WTO safeguards instrument to protect domestic downstream steel industry from increasing import of downstream steel product. This article analyzes: first, how to protect domestic industry through safeguards GATT/WTO instrument in Indonesia and, how does implementation of s...
The Indonesian government recently won for keeping its rights on Clove Cigarette Case in WTO. It ... more The Indonesian government recently won for keeping its rights on Clove Cigarette Case in WTO. It became a winning diplomacy on Indonesia trade. Indonesia has an objection on United States cigarette policy, which prohibit product of clove cigarette (mostly imported by Indonesia) in United States, because such policy violate one of the most important principle on WTO, Non-Discrimination Principle, which are Most Favoured Nations (MFN) and National Treatment. Indonesia won this case in both, Panel and Appellate Body. This winning is not only important for Indonesia but for all country, mainly for Developing and Less Developing Country member of WTO. This paper will examine the significance and contents of Non Discrimination Principle from the perspective of Indonesia-United States Tobacco Case. Pemerintah Indonesia baru-baru ini memenangkan perkara dalam kasus Clove Cigarrette Case yang dibawa ke hadapan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa World Trade Organisation (WTO Dispute Settlement Body)...
Many illegal migrants are preferring to enter Indonesia before they go to Australia. In order to ... more Many illegal migrants are preferring to enter Indonesia before they go to Australia. In order to tackle the arrival of those illegal migrants, Australian government enforces Third Country's policy and ban the illegal migrants by sending the m back to Indonesia n water. As sovereign state does Indonesia has an effective policy to hand le these issues ? This research applies juridical normative approach using primary and secondary data, studying and evaluating such law principles and relevant law s . This research concludes that through Act No.6 Year 2011 on Imigration , Indonesia deals with ineffective and partial by putting illegal migrant as victim rather than smuggl er . As the policy considers them as victims, t here are no sanction s and deterrent effect s . Indonesia shall apply the Principle of State Sovereignty for basic guid ance to mak e policy concerning illegal migrant.
Arrangement of concerning wide determination the territorial of sea is conducted by withdrawal th... more Arrangement of concerning wide determination the territorial of sea is conducted by withdrawal the jetty lines that done by harmonizing the regulation of the stipulating the useful of the archipelago jetty lines that matching with region of NKRI by positive law instrument of Indonesia. But which require to be reemphasized is Indonesia obligation to make a map of the regional border line of Indonesia, because till in the end Indonesia still use the illustrative map that made in the 1960 year. The government of Indonesia have to immediately make the map of the region of Indonesia by using dot co-ordinate of the jetty lines of Indonesia archipelago which have been specified according to PP No.37 year 2008 to take care the sovereignty of Indonesia. Kata kunci : pengukuran lebar laut territorial, garis pangkal dan hukum Indonesia.
PENDAHULUAN penerbangaan yang memasuki wilayah Kecepatan dan sifat bebasnya udara Negara oleh pes... more PENDAHULUAN penerbangaan yang memasuki wilayah Kecepatan dan sifat bebasnya udara Negara oleh pesawat Negara lain pesawat udara dari rintangan permukaan tanpa izin sebelumnya dari Negara yang bumi, menjadikan alat transportasi ini wilayahnya dimasuki, merupakan memiliki potensi penggunaan secara pelanggaran wilayah udara. militer yang luar biasa. Selain itu, ruang Sifat tertutup ruang udara udara sebagai media bergeraknya nasional itu dapat dipahami mengingat pesawat terbang telah menjelma menjadi udara sebagai media gerak amatlah jalan datangnya serangan militer yang rawan ditinjau dari segi pertahanan dan sangat rawan. keamanan Negara kolong. Keuntungan-Pada dasarnya wilayah udara keuntungan serangan militer seperti suatu Negara tertutup bagi pesawat udara kecepatan (speed), jangkauan (range),
The research examined how ASEAN is moving towards legislative harmonization in the key economic s... more The research examined how ASEAN is moving towards legislative harmonization in the key economic sector of halal foods. The research investigated how ASEAN has promoted economic integration by building regional consensus regarding controversial issues, such as the definition of halal food, and discuss the role of other international instruments in building regional consensus-the "ASEAN" way. Qualitative methodology was used by integrating a historical, doctrinal, and comparative approach. The first analysis was on the process leading to adopting ASEAN halal food guidelines, which constitute the most concrete output of regional efforts to bring domestic standards closer. The following procedures were to compare and contrast these instruments substantively to identify the areas where new consensus has been found and those where disagreements persist. Finally, the research examined the potential influence of the guidelines adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and MABIMS in drafting ASEAN instruments. The research concludes that despite of lengthy and difficult road to gaining consensus through the ASEAN way mechanism, member states have successfully agreed on some elements of halal standards. However, the guidelines require member states' legislation to achieve full harmonization in addition to ASEAN soft law. Moreover, international initiatives have impacted ASEAN's halal standards in important ways. Some issues regarding harmonization remain, such as mutual recognition and labelling, and require further investigation.
Harmonization of Halal standards and conformity assessment procedures under the umbrella of a reg... more Harmonization of Halal standards and conformity assessment procedures under the umbrella of a regional organization may be necessary. In ASEAN, different Halal Standard have created some obstacles for free trade, particularly critical for free trade within ASEAN member countries. The development of the Halal Standard regime demonstrates that Halal Standards are adjusted. By taking ASEAN as a case study, the paper explains whether and how Halal Standards constitute trade barriers in respect of technical regulations. It compares Indonesia and Malaysia different Halal Standards in order to create insights into the (lack of) uniformity of Halal Standards within ASEAN members. The research affirms that Halal Standardisation and Certification is one of the trade barriers in ASEAN. The results show that the current situation in the region necessitates a (regionally) unified standard to overcome trade barriers within members.
Safeguard measures is one of the WTO instruments to protect domestic industry from import product... more Safeguard measures is one of the WTO instruments to protect domestic industry from import product. Safeguards provision has some requirements to fulfill. A safeguard is one of trade instruments regulated on WTO Agreement. The member could provide safeguards measure for protecting his domestic industry in such increased import quantities product and under such conditions as to cause or threaten serious injury to domestic producers. This article aims to compare the rules of safeguard are regulated in Asean-Korea Free Trade Agreement (AKFTA) with WTO Rules. It is concluded that there are some different provisions of safeguard between the two regulations in the aspect of the applicability on the of safeguard measure, the Dispute settlement mechanism and the time period of safeguard measures.
Journal of International Economic Law, Feb 16, 2022
The article studies the intersection of religious regulation and trade law. Specifically, it prov... more The article studies the intersection of religious regulation and trade law. Specifically, it provides evidence about whether, when, and how domestic Halal measures are regarded as trade obstacles under World Trade Organization law. We conduct a systematic content analysis of Halal measures as a trade concern in the work of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the Technical Barriers to Trade Committees, by analysing notifications of domestic Halal measures and Specific Trade Concerns raised. On this basis, we identify the five most pressing trade concerns relating to Halal measures in International Economic Law.
The use of non-tariff protection increased during 1980s. One of Non-tariff measures which have be... more The use of non-tariff protection increased during 1980s. One of Non-tariff measures which have been deployed by countries is safety and health standards/technical specifications. In many Muslim countries, Halal standard has essential part in protecting consumer rights. National labeling laws must seek a balance between labeling requirements and certification to minimize barriers to the free trade. The problem is every nation has own Halal Standard. This could result trade dispute among parties since import product cannot enter local market based on different Halal Standard. This situation remains as non-tariff barriers to free trade. By capturing the differences of Halal Standard in some ASEAN countries, the result shows some challenges rise for ASEAN to create one unified Halal Standard framework in order to gain strong ASEAN single market in the future.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2009
Arrangement of concerning wide determination the territorial of sea is conducted by withdrawal th... more Arrangement of concerning wide determination the territorial of sea is conducted by withdrawal the jetty lines that done by harmonizing the regulation of the stipulating the useful of the archipelago jetty lines that matching with region of NKRI by positive law instrument of Indonesia. But which require to be reemphasized is Indonesia obligation to make a map of the regional border line of Indonesia, because till in the end Indonesia still use the illustrative map that made in the 1960 year. The government of Indonesia have to immediately make the map of the region of Indonesia by using dot co-ordinate of the jetty lines of Indonesia archipelago which have been specified according to PP No.37 year 2008 to take care the sovereignty of Indonesia. Kata kunci : pengukuran lebar laut territorial, garis pangkal dan hukum Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki rangkaian ribuan pulau-pulau yang tersebar dan terbentang di sepanjang Katulistiwa. Kondisi geografis dan karakteristik alam yang menguntungkan ini, membuat Indonesia menjadi daya tarik bagi negara-negara luar untuk dapat dimiliki. Karakteristik yang demikian memaksa Indonesia untuk dapat menjaga dan mempertahankan keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Kedaulatan teritorial tetap merupakan suatu konsep penting dalam hukum internasional. Dalam hukum internasonal perolehan dan hilangnya wilayah negara akan menimbulkan dampak terhadap kedaulatan negara atas wilayah itu. 1 Faktor wilayah merupakan salah satu sendi esensial bagi eksistensi suatu negara, artinya tanpa wilayah, suatu negara tidak akan ada. Secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa wilayah suatu negara terdiri dari wilayah darat, laut/perairan dan udara. Namun kenyataan menunjukkan tidak semua negara wilayahnya terdiri dari ketiga matra tersebut. Indonesia dilihat dari segi teritorinya adalah suatu negara yang memiliki ketiga matra wilayah tersebut,
World Global Crisis causes all trade world find difficulties. There will be increasing particular... more World Global Crisis causes all trade world find difficulties. There will be increasing particularly import product in a country, including to Indonesian market. This situation faced by national industry. This getting worse by the implementation of free trade agreement between ASEAN member and China in the form of ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Steel as national strategic industry is a vital industry for developing country like Indonesia, so government should protect it against incursion of import products. Increasing imported products directly impact to most downstream steel industry, such as nail, successor steel, strand metal, steel wire rope, nut, boltand other. Indonesia as member of WTO can use GATT/WTO safeguards instrument to protect domestic downstream steel industry from increasing import of downstream steel product. This article analyzes: first, how to protect domestic industry through safeguards GATT/WTO instrument in Indonesia and, how does implementation of s...
The Indonesian government recently won for keeping its rights on Clove Cigarette Case in WTO. It ... more The Indonesian government recently won for keeping its rights on Clove Cigarette Case in WTO. It became a winning diplomacy on Indonesia trade. Indonesia has an objection on United States cigarette policy, which prohibit product of clove cigarette (mostly imported by Indonesia) in United States, because such policy violate one of the most important principle on WTO, Non-Discrimination Principle, which are Most Favoured Nations (MFN) and National Treatment. Indonesia won this case in both, Panel and Appellate Body. This winning is not only important for Indonesia but for all country, mainly for Developing and Less Developing Country member of WTO. This paper will examine the significance and contents of Non Discrimination Principle from the perspective of Indonesia-United States Tobacco Case. Pemerintah Indonesia baru-baru ini memenangkan perkara dalam kasus Clove Cigarrette Case yang dibawa ke hadapan Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa World Trade Organisation (WTO Dispute Settlement Body)...
Many illegal migrants are preferring to enter Indonesia before they go to Australia. In order to ... more Many illegal migrants are preferring to enter Indonesia before they go to Australia. In order to tackle the arrival of those illegal migrants, Australian government enforces Third Country's policy and ban the illegal migrants by sending the m back to Indonesia n water. As sovereign state does Indonesia has an effective policy to hand le these issues ? This research applies juridical normative approach using primary and secondary data, studying and evaluating such law principles and relevant law s . This research concludes that through Act No.6 Year 2011 on Imigration , Indonesia deals with ineffective and partial by putting illegal migrant as victim rather than smuggl er . As the policy considers them as victims, t here are no sanction s and deterrent effect s . Indonesia shall apply the Principle of State Sovereignty for basic guid ance to mak e policy concerning illegal migrant.
Arrangement of concerning wide determination the territorial of sea is conducted by withdrawal th... more Arrangement of concerning wide determination the territorial of sea is conducted by withdrawal the jetty lines that done by harmonizing the regulation of the stipulating the useful of the archipelago jetty lines that matching with region of NKRI by positive law instrument of Indonesia. But which require to be reemphasized is Indonesia obligation to make a map of the regional border line of Indonesia, because till in the end Indonesia still use the illustrative map that made in the 1960 year. The government of Indonesia have to immediately make the map of the region of Indonesia by using dot co-ordinate of the jetty lines of Indonesia archipelago which have been specified according to PP No.37 year 2008 to take care the sovereignty of Indonesia. Kata kunci : pengukuran lebar laut territorial, garis pangkal dan hukum Indonesia.
PENDAHULUAN penerbangaan yang memasuki wilayah Kecepatan dan sifat bebasnya udara Negara oleh pes... more PENDAHULUAN penerbangaan yang memasuki wilayah Kecepatan dan sifat bebasnya udara Negara oleh pesawat Negara lain pesawat udara dari rintangan permukaan tanpa izin sebelumnya dari Negara yang bumi, menjadikan alat transportasi ini wilayahnya dimasuki, merupakan memiliki potensi penggunaan secara pelanggaran wilayah udara. militer yang luar biasa. Selain itu, ruang Sifat tertutup ruang udara udara sebagai media bergeraknya nasional itu dapat dipahami mengingat pesawat terbang telah menjelma menjadi udara sebagai media gerak amatlah jalan datangnya serangan militer yang rawan ditinjau dari segi pertahanan dan sangat rawan. keamanan Negara kolong. Keuntungan-Pada dasarnya wilayah udara keuntungan serangan militer seperti suatu Negara tertutup bagi pesawat udara kecepatan (speed), jangkauan (range),
The research examined how ASEAN is moving towards legislative harmonization in the key economic s... more The research examined how ASEAN is moving towards legislative harmonization in the key economic sector of halal foods. The research investigated how ASEAN has promoted economic integration by building regional consensus regarding controversial issues, such as the definition of halal food, and discuss the role of other international instruments in building regional consensus-the "ASEAN" way. Qualitative methodology was used by integrating a historical, doctrinal, and comparative approach. The first analysis was on the process leading to adopting ASEAN halal food guidelines, which constitute the most concrete output of regional efforts to bring domestic standards closer. The following procedures were to compare and contrast these instruments substantively to identify the areas where new consensus has been found and those where disagreements persist. Finally, the research examined the potential influence of the guidelines adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and MABIMS in drafting ASEAN instruments. The research concludes that despite of lengthy and difficult road to gaining consensus through the ASEAN way mechanism, member states have successfully agreed on some elements of halal standards. However, the guidelines require member states' legislation to achieve full harmonization in addition to ASEAN soft law. Moreover, international initiatives have impacted ASEAN's halal standards in important ways. Some issues regarding harmonization remain, such as mutual recognition and labelling, and require further investigation.
Harmonization of Halal standards and conformity assessment procedures under the umbrella of a reg... more Harmonization of Halal standards and conformity assessment procedures under the umbrella of a regional organization may be necessary. In ASEAN, different Halal Standard have created some obstacles for free trade, particularly critical for free trade within ASEAN member countries. The development of the Halal Standard regime demonstrates that Halal Standards are adjusted. By taking ASEAN as a case study, the paper explains whether and how Halal Standards constitute trade barriers in respect of technical regulations. It compares Indonesia and Malaysia different Halal Standards in order to create insights into the (lack of) uniformity of Halal Standards within ASEAN members. The research affirms that Halal Standardisation and Certification is one of the trade barriers in ASEAN. The results show that the current situation in the region necessitates a (regionally) unified standard to overcome trade barriers within members.
Safeguard measures is one of the WTO instruments to protect domestic industry from import product... more Safeguard measures is one of the WTO instruments to protect domestic industry from import product. Safeguards provision has some requirements to fulfill. A safeguard is one of trade instruments regulated on WTO Agreement. The member could provide safeguards measure for protecting his domestic industry in such increased import quantities product and under such conditions as to cause or threaten serious injury to domestic producers. This article aims to compare the rules of safeguard are regulated in Asean-Korea Free Trade Agreement (AKFTA) with WTO Rules. It is concluded that there are some different provisions of safeguard between the two regulations in the aspect of the applicability on the of safeguard measure, the Dispute settlement mechanism and the time period of safeguard measures.
Journal of International Economic Law, Feb 16, 2022
The article studies the intersection of religious regulation and trade law. Specifically, it prov... more The article studies the intersection of religious regulation and trade law. Specifically, it provides evidence about whether, when, and how domestic Halal measures are regarded as trade obstacles under World Trade Organization law. We conduct a systematic content analysis of Halal measures as a trade concern in the work of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the Technical Barriers to Trade Committees, by analysing notifications of domestic Halal measures and Specific Trade Concerns raised. On this basis, we identify the five most pressing trade concerns relating to Halal measures in International Economic Law.
The use of non-tariff protection increased during 1980s. One of Non-tariff measures which have be... more The use of non-tariff protection increased during 1980s. One of Non-tariff measures which have been deployed by countries is safety and health standards/technical specifications. In many Muslim countries, Halal standard has essential part in protecting consumer rights. National labeling laws must seek a balance between labeling requirements and certification to minimize barriers to the free trade. The problem is every nation has own Halal Standard. This could result trade dispute among parties since import product cannot enter local market based on different Halal Standard. This situation remains as non-tariff barriers to free trade. By capturing the differences of Halal Standard in some ASEAN countries, the result shows some challenges rise for ASEAN to create one unified Halal Standard framework in order to gain strong ASEAN single market in the future.
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Papers by Eva Johan