In asparagus, current cultivars are mostly hybrids (known as clonal hybrids) derived from crosses... more In asparagus, current cultivars are mostly hybrids (known as clonal hybrids) derived from crosses between two parents, female and male, with good combining ability. Despite the fact that clonal hybrids have been obtained for more than 40 years, studies of the heterosis and combining abilities involved are limited. Similarly, there are no published studies regarding the association between genetic divergence and heterosis. In this sense, we evaluated two sets of diallel crosses including 12 accessions from 11 different origins for marketable green asparagus production. Parentals were also included as a way to assess heterosis. The variation for market yield was highly significant for both sets. Best parent heterosis was over 100% in four cases. The best experimental hybrid did not significant differ from the Atticus F1 all-male check. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, with a relative greater contribution of the SCA than the GCA...
The aim of this research was select the best combination of contrasting parents to develop a mapp... more The aim of this research was select the best combination of contrasting parents to develop a mapping population for drought tolerance, based on phenotypic and genotypic data. Phenotyping was conducted in a greenhouse during 16 days at vegetative stage under well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions. Traits evaluated were: gain of leaf area (GLA), total water use (TWU), net assimilation rate (NAR), water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate (TR) response to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (slope and breakpoint). Genotyping was performed with 127 SSR markers and a cluster analyses was conducted. An important interaction was observed for NAR, WUE and breakpoint in the VPD response. Under WD conditions, all genotypes showed lower GLA and TWU, whereas NAR and WUE increased its values. All genotypes showed reduction of the slope and breakpoint in high VPD response on WD. PCA analysis explains the 80% of the total variability. PC1 discriminated HA89 and R419 due to a lower sl...
El girasol (Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus) es el segundo cultivo oleaginoso más importante e... more El girasol (Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus) es el segundo cultivo oleaginoso más importante en la Argentina. Desde hace varios años, se vienen realizando diferentes estudios agronómicos, fisiológicos y genéticos con materiales del Banco de Germoplasma de INTA-EEA Manfredi con el objetivo de abordar la problemática sobre la tolerancia al estrés hídrico en este cultivo.
Tomo 43 • N° 2 • 2011 1 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). C. ... more Tomo 43 • N° 2 • 2011 1 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). C. C. 14. Zavalla. Santa Fe. Argentina. S2125ZAA. [email protected] 2 Genética y Mejoramiento Vegetal. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. C. C. 14. Zavalla. Santa Fe. Argentina. S2125ZAA. Originales: Recepción: 22/02/2010 Aceptación: 20/08/2011 Uso de marcadores morfológicos, bioquímicos y moleculares SRAP para diferenciar variedades de Cynara cardunculus L. (Asteraceae)
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of selection on allele frequencies ... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of selection on allele frequencies and genetic variability during two cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection in artichokes using two types of DNA molecular markers. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves collected randomly from 30 plants in each generation (C 0 , C 1 and C 2 ). DNA quantification was performed using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Fifteen microsatellites (SSRs) and seven combinations of Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphisms (SRAPs) were used. The amplification products were visualized using 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis stained with silver nitrate. The percentage of polymorphic loci, allele frequencies, number of alleles, number of effective alleles, observed heterozygosis, expected heterozygosis, inbreeding coefficients (FIS, FIT, and FST), index of genetic identity, and molecular variance (AMOVA) were estimated. Of the 15 microsatellites, four were amplified with polymorphisms for four loci (100%) in all cycles. From the seven combinations of SRAPs tested, three detected 61 loci, while four have no amplification. The polymorphic loci variation was determined between selection cycles. Random amendment of allele frequencies was observed with the two kinds of markers. Heterozygosis detected by SSRs indicated that there was no reduction of genetic variability, it was evidenced by the negative FIS and FIT values. For SRAP markers of the expected heterozygosis values were lower than those found with SSR. The molecular variance showed greater variation within each cycle and lower between cycles for both markers. There were alterations in allele frequencies throughout the three generations of recurrent selection and there was no reduction in genetic variability throughout the selection process due to the selection pressure applied.
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus; 2n = 2x = 34) is a food crop consumed for its ... more Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus; 2n = 2x = 34) is a food crop consumed for its immature flower heads. Traditionally, globe artichoke varietal types are vegetatively propagated. However, seed propagation makes it possible to treat the crop as annual, increasing field uniformity and reducing farmers costs, as well as pathogens diffusion. Despite globe artichoke's significant agricultural value and the critical role of heterosis in the development of superior varieties, the production of hybrids remains challenging without a reliable system for large-scale industrial seed production. Male sterility (MS) presents a promising avenue for overcoming these challenges by simplifying the hybridization process and enabling cost-effective seed production. However, within the Cynara genus, genic male sterility has been linked to three recessive loci in globe artichoke, with no definitive genetic mechanism elucidated to date. A 250 offsprings F 2 population, derived from a cross between a MS globe artichoke and a male fertile (MF) cultivated cardoon (C. cardunculus var. altilis) and fitting a monogenic segregation model (3:1), was analyzed through BSA-seq, aiming at the identification of genomic regions/genes affecting male sterility. Four QTL regions were identified on chromosomes 4, 12, and 14. By analyzing the sequence around the highest pick on chromosome 14, a cytochrome P450 (CYP703A2) was identified, carrying a deleterious substitution (R/Q) fixed in the male sterile parent. A single dCAPS marker was developed around this SNP, allowing the discrimination between MS and MF genotypes within the population, suitable for applications in plant breeding programs. A 3D model of the protein was generated by homology modeling, revealing that the mutated amino acid is part of a highly conserved motif crucial for protein folding. Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) is a mediterranean allogamous, mainly cultivated for human consumption. The establishment of superior varieties through heterosis has been applied in this species, but their production is complex, and the development of male sterile varieties has been of interest among plant
Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops, 2021
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.; Asteraceae) is a diploid (2n = 2× = 34), pe... more Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.; Asteraceae) is a diploid (2n = 2× = 34), perennial, mostly cross-pollinated species native to the Mediterranean Basin. It represents an important component of the agricultural economy of southern Europe, and is grown for its large immature inflorescences, called capitula or heads. Artichokes have recognized nutraceutical properties for human health. Its commercial production is based mainly on perennial vegetatively-propagated clones. Recently its cultivation has been shifted toward seed-propagation of hybrids. Italy holds the richest biodiversity of cultivated Cynara, which has resulted in the culture of varieties and landraces adapted to specific local climatic conditions and markets. Cultivar-groups comprise early and late types, but also spiny, violet, Romanesco and Catanese types. Traditionally selections have been made within a given clone, removing off-types. Due to its heterozygous nature, a great variability is seen after crossing or selfings, promoting the selection of new cloned varieties. Seed-propagated hybrids are feasible upon the use of genic male sterility. In the past 20 years new technologies have been applied to broaden the knowledge of the molecular basis inherent, from the first genetic linkage map, the identifications of QTL for yield and related traits, up to the recent whole-genome sequence.
Color head and precocity of production are two important agronomic traits in globe artichoke whic... more Color head and precocity of production are two important agronomic traits in globe artichoke which determine the acceptance of the product in the market. 118 F 2 plants were analyzed for two agronomic traits, color head and precocity of production. Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) and Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) were used to detect molecular markers linked to the traits. Ten plants with the same trait were used to constitute the bulks, which were screened with seven SRAP pair primers. We detected one band/marker that may be linked to the green color head and one band/marker that may be associated with precocity in head production. The results obtained show that the BSA and SRAP analyses are useful to identify molecular markers associated with agronomic traits. The identified markers will potentially be used in molecular marker aided-selection (MAS) for breeding programs in globe artichoke. Keywords: Globe artichoke, Molecular markers, SRAP, BSA, MAS.
The yield is a complex trait and indirect selection through correlated, less complex and easy mea... more The yield is a complex trait and indirect selection through correlated, less complex and easy measurement traits would be an advisable strategy to increase yield. To assess artichoke genetic variation for different agronomic traits, the phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients among these traits and the direct and indirect effects of these traits on the total yield, 10 half-sib families were used. Total yield recorded positive genotypic correlation with number of heads and the length, diameter and weight of heads. Number of head and their weight had direct positive contribution towards total yield per plant. Indirect effect of plant diameter and length and weight of head, on number of heads plant height, are shown. These results allow us to select materials with high yields by choosing those with a large diameter of plant and upper length of main head.
We propose the use of SRAP and SSR markers along agronomic or morphological traits in genotypes&#... more We propose the use of SRAP and SSR markers along agronomic or morphological traits in genotypes' differentiation during breeding programs. 25 F5 recombinant inbred lines (microsperma and macrosperma) with good quality characteristics and high yield and a tester were used. All materials were sowed in a randomized block design with 3 replications, at a density of 140 plants per m2. Different morphological traits were recorded and analyzed using ANOVA. Euclidean distances were calculated and a cluster analysis and a principal components analysis (PCA) were carried out. A total of 20 out of 25 SRAP combinations and 9 out of 17 SSR were assayed on the basis of their high polymorphism. Genetic distances were calculated according to Dice's similarity index and a dendrogram was performed. A comparison between morphological and molecular data was carried out through the procrustes generalized analysis. The analysis of variance for morphological traits showed significant differences b...
Cynara cardunculus L., member of the Asteraceae family, includes three botanical varieties, fully... more Cynara cardunculus L., member of the Asteraceae family, includes three botanical varieties, fully-inter-fertile: scolymus (globe artichoke), altilis (cultivated cardoon) and sylvestris (wild cardoon).The artichoke production is traditionally carried out through vegetative propagation using offshoots or suckers. However, several new seed propagated cultivars have been developed in recent years, which showed high yield and ruled out phytosanitary problems inherent to vegetative propagation. In this context, hybrid seeds production, which exploits the heterosis phenomenon producing high performance plants, is of global interest. Manual emasculation is extremely difficult; therefore, it is essential to have a male-sterility system to achieve an efficient hybrids production. In Cynara genus, genic male sterility was found only in globe artichoke but the genetic bases of this phenomenon is poorly explored. The objective of this work was to elucidate the genetic male sterility in Cynara cardunculus L. combining SRAP technology and a BSA approach and to identify molecular markers associated to ms genes, feasible to be applied for MAS in breeding programs of the species. Segregation of the male sterility in our F2 population fit to a monogenic segregation model (3:1), revealing that only one gene (ms) is responsible, in homozygous recessive stage, to determine male sterile plants. Three SRAP markers linked to the ms gene were found. The nearest marker (SRAP 7-10.1774) was estimated to be 0.5 cM from the ms gene whereas the others (SRAP 4-9.332 and SRAP 4-9.700) were linked at 4.3 cM and 13.9 cM, respectively.
This study was carried out in order to compare different methodologies to select a representative... more This study was carried out in order to compare different methodologies to select a representative core collection from an initial collection of Cynara cardunculus L. species, using both morphological and molecular markers. The combination of two stratification criteria with three sampling strategies allowed the establishment of six different core collections. The Maximization strategy was applied in order to obtain the seventh one. All the obtained collections were validated through phenotypic and molecular parameters, establishing as an initial criterion that the core collection should include, at most, 35-40 % of the accessions belonging to the original collection. All collections passed molecular validation; nevertheless morphological validation determined that the Proportional sampling strategy is the best to keep the initial variability while retaining the least number of accessions, especially when combined with the first stratification criterion. Although Maximization strategy allowed to preserve the original variability, it retained the largest number of accessions. In conclusion, the combination PrS1 (proportional sampling and first stratification criterion) is the best strategy to perform a representative core collection from a Cynara cardunculus L. initial collection, using both morphological and molecular data.
SUMMARYPea is a self-pollinated, diploid (2n = 14), annual crop produced worldwide for human cons... more SUMMARYPea is a self-pollinated, diploid (2n = 14), annual crop produced worldwide for human consumption and animal feed. The exploitation of maximum genetic potential from available pea resources implies the knowledge of genetic parameters of yield components. Hence, the present study was conducted in a cross between two pea varieties, namely DDR14 and Explorer, its F2 progeny and F3 families to find out transgressive segregants and to determine the magnitude of narrow sense heritability and heterosis. The high narrow sense heritability values obtained indicated that rapid gain could be achieved through selection for the different traits; however, the presence of genotype x environment interaction could limit the correspondence of these estimated values with the observed ones. The selection of lines through their phenotypic values is influenced by environmental and error effects. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) was used for the prediction of genotypic values using morphologi...
Júnior -CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são... more Júnior -CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. 2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. www.atenaeditora.com.br Fundamentos da Enfermagem 3
Integrating information from a range of community members in environmental management provides a ... more Integrating information from a range of community members in environmental management provides a more complete assessment of the problem and a diversification of management options, but is difficult to achieve. To investigate the relationship between different environmental interpretations, I compared three distinct measures of anchor damage on coral reefs: ecological measures, perceptual meanings, and subjective health judgments. The ecological measures identified an increase in the number of overturned corals and a reduction in coral cover, the perceptual meanings identified a loss of visual quality, and the health judgments identified a reduction in the health of the coral reef sites associated with high levels of anchoring. Combining the perceptual meanings and health judgments identified that the judgment of environmental health was a key feature that both scientific and lay participants used to describe the environment. Some participants in the survey were familiar with the coral reef environment, and others were not. However, they provided consistent judgment of a healthy coral reef, suggesting that these judgments were not linked to present-day experiences. By combining subjective judgments and ecological measures, the point at which the environment is deemed to lose visual quality was identified; for these coral reefs, if the level of damage rose above 10.3% and the cover of branching corals dropped below 17.1%, the reefs were described as unhealthy. Therefore, by combining the information, a management agency can involve the community in identifying when remedial action is required or when management policies are effectively maintaining a healthy ecosystem.
In globe artichoke (Cynara cadunculus var. scolymus), the presence of entire leaf type in adult p... more In globe artichoke (Cynara cadunculus var. scolymus), the presence of entire leaf type in adult plants is a characteristic of the early Catanesi group, as 'Violet de Provence' and 'Blanca de Tudela', among others. Both of these attributes (i.e., entire leaf and precocity) failed to be transmitted by sexual means. In the cultivated cardoon (Cynara cadunculus var. altilis) some materials also present uniformely entire mature leaves, with a weak intensity of lobing and absence of secondary lobes. In this case, the attribute is seed maintained. In the present contribution we studied the inheritance of entire leaf type in a cross of a globe artichoke genetic stock ('Cada 33-49-25') of deeply lobed leaves and a local landrace of cultivated cardoon ('Schiavoni'), possessing uniform entire leaves. All the observations were conducted in field adult plants about four months after transplantation. The F1 ('Schiavoni' × 'Cada 33-49-25') plants were of the lobed leaf type. The F2 showed 183 lobed leaf and 69 entire leaf type plants. This segregation fitted a 3:1 ratio (χ2=0.76; p=0.38). The backcross towards the entire leaf parent presented 51 lobed and 42 entire leaf plants, adjusting a 1:1 ratio (χ2=0.87; p=0.35). We concluded that entire leaf is governed by a single recessive allele that could be designated (el). In adition, as the entire leaf type is only found in the early cultivars of globe artichoke, we studied the days to anthesis of the first capitulum in the F2 population, in a way to see if there was also a relation in our material between entire leaf and precocity. The F2 was randomly divided in nine groups of about 20 plants. The date of first capitulum anthesis was recorded in each plant, and avararaged in each of the nine groups according to leaf type (entire and lobed). No significant differences were found in the number of days to reach flowering of the first capitulum between plants bearing entire and lobed leaves (F=2.77; p<0.13; df=1, n=9). Thus, in our segrergating population, the association between entire leaf and precocious flowering did not hold.
In asparagus, current cultivars are mostly hybrids (known as clonal hybrids) derived from crosses... more In asparagus, current cultivars are mostly hybrids (known as clonal hybrids) derived from crosses between two parents, female and male, with good combining ability. Despite the fact that clonal hybrids have been obtained for more than 40 years, studies of the heterosis and combining abilities involved are limited. Similarly, there are no published studies regarding the association between genetic divergence and heterosis. In this sense, we evaluated two sets of diallel crosses including 12 accessions from 11 different origins for marketable green asparagus production. Parentals were also included as a way to assess heterosis. The variation for market yield was highly significant for both sets. Best parent heterosis was over 100% in four cases. The best experimental hybrid did not significant differ from the Atticus F1 all-male check. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, with a relative greater contribution of the SCA than the GCA...
The aim of this research was select the best combination of contrasting parents to develop a mapp... more The aim of this research was select the best combination of contrasting parents to develop a mapping population for drought tolerance, based on phenotypic and genotypic data. Phenotyping was conducted in a greenhouse during 16 days at vegetative stage under well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions. Traits evaluated were: gain of leaf area (GLA), total water use (TWU), net assimilation rate (NAR), water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate (TR) response to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (slope and breakpoint). Genotyping was performed with 127 SSR markers and a cluster analyses was conducted. An important interaction was observed for NAR, WUE and breakpoint in the VPD response. Under WD conditions, all genotypes showed lower GLA and TWU, whereas NAR and WUE increased its values. All genotypes showed reduction of the slope and breakpoint in high VPD response on WD. PCA analysis explains the 80% of the total variability. PC1 discriminated HA89 and R419 due to a lower sl...
El girasol (Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus) es el segundo cultivo oleaginoso más importante e... more El girasol (Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus) es el segundo cultivo oleaginoso más importante en la Argentina. Desde hace varios años, se vienen realizando diferentes estudios agronómicos, fisiológicos y genéticos con materiales del Banco de Germoplasma de INTA-EEA Manfredi con el objetivo de abordar la problemática sobre la tolerancia al estrés hídrico en este cultivo.
Tomo 43 • N° 2 • 2011 1 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). C. ... more Tomo 43 • N° 2 • 2011 1 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). C. C. 14. Zavalla. Santa Fe. Argentina. S2125ZAA. [email protected] 2 Genética y Mejoramiento Vegetal. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. C. C. 14. Zavalla. Santa Fe. Argentina. S2125ZAA. Originales: Recepción: 22/02/2010 Aceptación: 20/08/2011 Uso de marcadores morfológicos, bioquímicos y moleculares SRAP para diferenciar variedades de Cynara cardunculus L. (Asteraceae)
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of selection on allele frequencies ... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of selection on allele frequencies and genetic variability during two cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection in artichokes using two types of DNA molecular markers. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves collected randomly from 30 plants in each generation (C 0 , C 1 and C 2 ). DNA quantification was performed using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Fifteen microsatellites (SSRs) and seven combinations of Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphisms (SRAPs) were used. The amplification products were visualized using 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis stained with silver nitrate. The percentage of polymorphic loci, allele frequencies, number of alleles, number of effective alleles, observed heterozygosis, expected heterozygosis, inbreeding coefficients (FIS, FIT, and FST), index of genetic identity, and molecular variance (AMOVA) were estimated. Of the 15 microsatellites, four were amplified with polymorphisms for four loci (100%) in all cycles. From the seven combinations of SRAPs tested, three detected 61 loci, while four have no amplification. The polymorphic loci variation was determined between selection cycles. Random amendment of allele frequencies was observed with the two kinds of markers. Heterozygosis detected by SSRs indicated that there was no reduction of genetic variability, it was evidenced by the negative FIS and FIT values. For SRAP markers of the expected heterozygosis values were lower than those found with SSR. The molecular variance showed greater variation within each cycle and lower between cycles for both markers. There were alterations in allele frequencies throughout the three generations of recurrent selection and there was no reduction in genetic variability throughout the selection process due to the selection pressure applied.
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus; 2n = 2x = 34) is a food crop consumed for its ... more Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus; 2n = 2x = 34) is a food crop consumed for its immature flower heads. Traditionally, globe artichoke varietal types are vegetatively propagated. However, seed propagation makes it possible to treat the crop as annual, increasing field uniformity and reducing farmers costs, as well as pathogens diffusion. Despite globe artichoke's significant agricultural value and the critical role of heterosis in the development of superior varieties, the production of hybrids remains challenging without a reliable system for large-scale industrial seed production. Male sterility (MS) presents a promising avenue for overcoming these challenges by simplifying the hybridization process and enabling cost-effective seed production. However, within the Cynara genus, genic male sterility has been linked to three recessive loci in globe artichoke, with no definitive genetic mechanism elucidated to date. A 250 offsprings F 2 population, derived from a cross between a MS globe artichoke and a male fertile (MF) cultivated cardoon (C. cardunculus var. altilis) and fitting a monogenic segregation model (3:1), was analyzed through BSA-seq, aiming at the identification of genomic regions/genes affecting male sterility. Four QTL regions were identified on chromosomes 4, 12, and 14. By analyzing the sequence around the highest pick on chromosome 14, a cytochrome P450 (CYP703A2) was identified, carrying a deleterious substitution (R/Q) fixed in the male sterile parent. A single dCAPS marker was developed around this SNP, allowing the discrimination between MS and MF genotypes within the population, suitable for applications in plant breeding programs. A 3D model of the protein was generated by homology modeling, revealing that the mutated amino acid is part of a highly conserved motif crucial for protein folding. Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) is a mediterranean allogamous, mainly cultivated for human consumption. The establishment of superior varieties through heterosis has been applied in this species, but their production is complex, and the development of male sterile varieties has been of interest among plant
Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Vegetable Crops, 2021
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.; Asteraceae) is a diploid (2n = 2× = 34), pe... more Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.; Asteraceae) is a diploid (2n = 2× = 34), perennial, mostly cross-pollinated species native to the Mediterranean Basin. It represents an important component of the agricultural economy of southern Europe, and is grown for its large immature inflorescences, called capitula or heads. Artichokes have recognized nutraceutical properties for human health. Its commercial production is based mainly on perennial vegetatively-propagated clones. Recently its cultivation has been shifted toward seed-propagation of hybrids. Italy holds the richest biodiversity of cultivated Cynara, which has resulted in the culture of varieties and landraces adapted to specific local climatic conditions and markets. Cultivar-groups comprise early and late types, but also spiny, violet, Romanesco and Catanese types. Traditionally selections have been made within a given clone, removing off-types. Due to its heterozygous nature, a great variability is seen after crossing or selfings, promoting the selection of new cloned varieties. Seed-propagated hybrids are feasible upon the use of genic male sterility. In the past 20 years new technologies have been applied to broaden the knowledge of the molecular basis inherent, from the first genetic linkage map, the identifications of QTL for yield and related traits, up to the recent whole-genome sequence.
Color head and precocity of production are two important agronomic traits in globe artichoke whic... more Color head and precocity of production are two important agronomic traits in globe artichoke which determine the acceptance of the product in the market. 118 F 2 plants were analyzed for two agronomic traits, color head and precocity of production. Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) and Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) were used to detect molecular markers linked to the traits. Ten plants with the same trait were used to constitute the bulks, which were screened with seven SRAP pair primers. We detected one band/marker that may be linked to the green color head and one band/marker that may be associated with precocity in head production. The results obtained show that the BSA and SRAP analyses are useful to identify molecular markers associated with agronomic traits. The identified markers will potentially be used in molecular marker aided-selection (MAS) for breeding programs in globe artichoke. Keywords: Globe artichoke, Molecular markers, SRAP, BSA, MAS.
The yield is a complex trait and indirect selection through correlated, less complex and easy mea... more The yield is a complex trait and indirect selection through correlated, less complex and easy measurement traits would be an advisable strategy to increase yield. To assess artichoke genetic variation for different agronomic traits, the phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients among these traits and the direct and indirect effects of these traits on the total yield, 10 half-sib families were used. Total yield recorded positive genotypic correlation with number of heads and the length, diameter and weight of heads. Number of head and their weight had direct positive contribution towards total yield per plant. Indirect effect of plant diameter and length and weight of head, on number of heads plant height, are shown. These results allow us to select materials with high yields by choosing those with a large diameter of plant and upper length of main head.
We propose the use of SRAP and SSR markers along agronomic or morphological traits in genotypes&#... more We propose the use of SRAP and SSR markers along agronomic or morphological traits in genotypes' differentiation during breeding programs. 25 F5 recombinant inbred lines (microsperma and macrosperma) with good quality characteristics and high yield and a tester were used. All materials were sowed in a randomized block design with 3 replications, at a density of 140 plants per m2. Different morphological traits were recorded and analyzed using ANOVA. Euclidean distances were calculated and a cluster analysis and a principal components analysis (PCA) were carried out. A total of 20 out of 25 SRAP combinations and 9 out of 17 SSR were assayed on the basis of their high polymorphism. Genetic distances were calculated according to Dice's similarity index and a dendrogram was performed. A comparison between morphological and molecular data was carried out through the procrustes generalized analysis. The analysis of variance for morphological traits showed significant differences b...
Cynara cardunculus L., member of the Asteraceae family, includes three botanical varieties, fully... more Cynara cardunculus L., member of the Asteraceae family, includes three botanical varieties, fully-inter-fertile: scolymus (globe artichoke), altilis (cultivated cardoon) and sylvestris (wild cardoon).The artichoke production is traditionally carried out through vegetative propagation using offshoots or suckers. However, several new seed propagated cultivars have been developed in recent years, which showed high yield and ruled out phytosanitary problems inherent to vegetative propagation. In this context, hybrid seeds production, which exploits the heterosis phenomenon producing high performance plants, is of global interest. Manual emasculation is extremely difficult; therefore, it is essential to have a male-sterility system to achieve an efficient hybrids production. In Cynara genus, genic male sterility was found only in globe artichoke but the genetic bases of this phenomenon is poorly explored. The objective of this work was to elucidate the genetic male sterility in Cynara cardunculus L. combining SRAP technology and a BSA approach and to identify molecular markers associated to ms genes, feasible to be applied for MAS in breeding programs of the species. Segregation of the male sterility in our F2 population fit to a monogenic segregation model (3:1), revealing that only one gene (ms) is responsible, in homozygous recessive stage, to determine male sterile plants. Three SRAP markers linked to the ms gene were found. The nearest marker (SRAP 7-10.1774) was estimated to be 0.5 cM from the ms gene whereas the others (SRAP 4-9.332 and SRAP 4-9.700) were linked at 4.3 cM and 13.9 cM, respectively.
This study was carried out in order to compare different methodologies to select a representative... more This study was carried out in order to compare different methodologies to select a representative core collection from an initial collection of Cynara cardunculus L. species, using both morphological and molecular markers. The combination of two stratification criteria with three sampling strategies allowed the establishment of six different core collections. The Maximization strategy was applied in order to obtain the seventh one. All the obtained collections were validated through phenotypic and molecular parameters, establishing as an initial criterion that the core collection should include, at most, 35-40 % of the accessions belonging to the original collection. All collections passed molecular validation; nevertheless morphological validation determined that the Proportional sampling strategy is the best to keep the initial variability while retaining the least number of accessions, especially when combined with the first stratification criterion. Although Maximization strategy allowed to preserve the original variability, it retained the largest number of accessions. In conclusion, the combination PrS1 (proportional sampling and first stratification criterion) is the best strategy to perform a representative core collection from a Cynara cardunculus L. initial collection, using both morphological and molecular data.
SUMMARYPea is a self-pollinated, diploid (2n = 14), annual crop produced worldwide for human cons... more SUMMARYPea is a self-pollinated, diploid (2n = 14), annual crop produced worldwide for human consumption and animal feed. The exploitation of maximum genetic potential from available pea resources implies the knowledge of genetic parameters of yield components. Hence, the present study was conducted in a cross between two pea varieties, namely DDR14 and Explorer, its F2 progeny and F3 families to find out transgressive segregants and to determine the magnitude of narrow sense heritability and heterosis. The high narrow sense heritability values obtained indicated that rapid gain could be achieved through selection for the different traits; however, the presence of genotype x environment interaction could limit the correspondence of these estimated values with the observed ones. The selection of lines through their phenotypic values is influenced by environmental and error effects. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) was used for the prediction of genotypic values using morphologi...
Júnior -CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são... more Júnior -CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. 2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. www.atenaeditora.com.br Fundamentos da Enfermagem 3
Integrating information from a range of community members in environmental management provides a ... more Integrating information from a range of community members in environmental management provides a more complete assessment of the problem and a diversification of management options, but is difficult to achieve. To investigate the relationship between different environmental interpretations, I compared three distinct measures of anchor damage on coral reefs: ecological measures, perceptual meanings, and subjective health judgments. The ecological measures identified an increase in the number of overturned corals and a reduction in coral cover, the perceptual meanings identified a loss of visual quality, and the health judgments identified a reduction in the health of the coral reef sites associated with high levels of anchoring. Combining the perceptual meanings and health judgments identified that the judgment of environmental health was a key feature that both scientific and lay participants used to describe the environment. Some participants in the survey were familiar with the coral reef environment, and others were not. However, they provided consistent judgment of a healthy coral reef, suggesting that these judgments were not linked to present-day experiences. By combining subjective judgments and ecological measures, the point at which the environment is deemed to lose visual quality was identified; for these coral reefs, if the level of damage rose above 10.3% and the cover of branching corals dropped below 17.1%, the reefs were described as unhealthy. Therefore, by combining the information, a management agency can involve the community in identifying when remedial action is required or when management policies are effectively maintaining a healthy ecosystem.
In globe artichoke (Cynara cadunculus var. scolymus), the presence of entire leaf type in adult p... more In globe artichoke (Cynara cadunculus var. scolymus), the presence of entire leaf type in adult plants is a characteristic of the early Catanesi group, as 'Violet de Provence' and 'Blanca de Tudela', among others. Both of these attributes (i.e., entire leaf and precocity) failed to be transmitted by sexual means. In the cultivated cardoon (Cynara cadunculus var. altilis) some materials also present uniformely entire mature leaves, with a weak intensity of lobing and absence of secondary lobes. In this case, the attribute is seed maintained. In the present contribution we studied the inheritance of entire leaf type in a cross of a globe artichoke genetic stock ('Cada 33-49-25') of deeply lobed leaves and a local landrace of cultivated cardoon ('Schiavoni'), possessing uniform entire leaves. All the observations were conducted in field adult plants about four months after transplantation. The F1 ('Schiavoni' × 'Cada 33-49-25') plants were of the lobed leaf type. The F2 showed 183 lobed leaf and 69 entire leaf type plants. This segregation fitted a 3:1 ratio (χ2=0.76; p=0.38). The backcross towards the entire leaf parent presented 51 lobed and 42 entire leaf plants, adjusting a 1:1 ratio (χ2=0.87; p=0.35). We concluded that entire leaf is governed by a single recessive allele that could be designated (el). In adition, as the entire leaf type is only found in the early cultivars of globe artichoke, we studied the days to anthesis of the first capitulum in the F2 population, in a way to see if there was also a relation in our material between entire leaf and precocity. The F2 was randomly divided in nine groups of about 20 plants. The date of first capitulum anthesis was recorded in each plant, and avararaged in each of the nine groups according to leaf type (entire and lobed). No significant differences were found in the number of days to reach flowering of the first capitulum between plants bearing entire and lobed leaves (F=2.77; p<0.13; df=1, n=9). Thus, in our segrergating population, the association between entire leaf and precocious flowering did not hold.
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Papers by Eugenia Martin