Üç yafll› dam›zl›k gökkufla¤› alabal›klar›n›n (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yumurta ve spermlerinin ya¤ a... more Üç yafll› dam›zl›k gökkufla¤› alabal›klar›n›n (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yumurta ve spermlerinin ya¤ asidi kompozisyonlar›n›n ald›klar› yemin ya¤ asidi profili ile karfl›laflt›r›lmas› amac›yla yürütülen bu araflt›rmadan afla¤›daki sonuçlar elde edilmifltir. Rasyonun total olarak doymufl ya¤ asitleri (SFA), tekli doymam›fl ya¤ asitleri (MUFA), çoklu doymam›fl ya¤ asitler, n-3 ve n-6 PUFA, n-3/n-6 ve özellikle insan sa¤l›¤› aç›s›ndan önemli oldu¤undan üzerinde durulan eikosapentaenoikaist (EPA)/ dokosaheksaenoikasit (DHA) oran› bak›m›ndan sperm ile yumurta dokusu aras›ndaki farklar istatistiki olarak çok önemli (P < 0,01) bulunmufltur.
ÖZET: Bu çalışmada, saf ve karışık olarak yetiştirilen albino ve normal pigmentli gökkuşağı alaba... more ÖZET: Bu çalışmada, saf ve karışık olarak yetiştirilen albino ve normal pigmentli gökkuşağı alabalıklarının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) büyüme performansları, günlük yem tüketimleri, yem değerlendirme oranları ve kondisyon faktörleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bu varyetelerin etlerinin kimyasal kompozisyonları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada 0 + yaş grubuna ait ortalama 75 g ağırlığında 150 adet albino ve 150 adet normal pigmentli gökkuşağı alabalığı kullanılmıştır. Deneme, saf normal (50), karışık (25 normal ve 25 albino) ve saf albino (50) olmak üzere 2 tekerrürlü 3 gruptan oluşturulmuştur. 120 günlük çalışma sonunda, saf normal grubu 317.5±66.03 g, karışık gruptaki normaller 366.4±74.27 g, karışık gruptaki albinolar 315.3±44.63 g ve saf albino grubu 319.9±50.26 g ortalama ağırlıklarına ulaşmışlardır. Bu son ağırlık değerlerine göre karışık gruptaki normallerin diğer gruplardan daha yüksek bir büyüme performansı gösterdiği saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Ortalama günlük yem tüketimi, yem değerlendirme oranları ve kondisyon faktörleri gruplar arasında önemli bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Fakat karışık grupta yem değerlendirme oranı nispeten daha düşük bulunmuştur. Yapılan kimyasal analizler sonucunda albino ve normal gökkuşağı alabalıklarının kuru madde, kül, protein ve yağ oranları önemli bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Gökkuşağı alabalığı, Oncorhynchus mykiss, normal ve albino pigmentasyon, saf ve karışık kültür, büyüme performansı, yem tüketimi, yem değerlendirme oranı, kimyasal kompozisyon.
The effects of sewage on haematocrit and sediment of C. capoeta. Two statitons were determined in... more The effects of sewage on haematocrit and sediment of C. capoeta. Two statitons were determined in the Tuzla stream which was discharged sewage of Tercan city (10.800, population). I. station was before Tercan Dam Lake, II. station was after discharge point. 50 fish were catched from two stations and researched haematocrit and sediment levels. II. station compared with I. station haematocrit level decreased while sediment increased.
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jan 3, 2011
Bu araştırmada, aynı yaşlardaki (5 yaş) dişi damızlık Gökkuşağı alabalıklarıyla (Salmo gairdnerii... more Bu araştırmada, aynı yaşlardaki (5 yaş) dişi damızlık Gökkuşağı alabalıklarıyla (Salmo gairdnerii R.) çiftleştirilen genç (2 yaş) ve yaşlı (5 yaş) erkek damızlık balıklardan elde edilen yumurtaların döllülük nisbeti, çıkış gücü, embriyo dönemi yaşama gücü, keseli dönemde yaşama gücü ve kuluçka randımanları ile yavruların gelişme performansları karşüaştırümıştır. Kuluçka döneminde genç erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda döllülük nisbeti % 95.47, embriyo dönemi yaşama gücü % 93.99, çıkış gücü % 98.43, keseli dönemde yaşama gücü % 98.13 ve kuluçka randımanı ise % 93.98 olarak tesbit edilmiştir. Yaşlı erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda ise, döllülük nisbeti % 85.36, embriyo dönemi yaşama gücü % 79.75, çıkış gücü % 94.47, keseli dönemde yaşama gücü % 95.12 ve kuluçka randımanı % 81.07 olarak belirlenmiştir. İki grup arasında incelenen bütün parametreler arasında istatistiki olarak önemli farklar meydana gelmiştir (P<0.05). Besi denemesi süresince genç erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda ortalama canlı ağırlık artışı 0.2 g'dan 1.8365 g.a', yaşlı erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda ise 0.1975 g'dan 1.8435 g'a yükselmiştir. Ayrıca, her iki grup için ortalama canlı ağırlık artışı 0.19875 g'dan 1.84 g'a ulaşmıştır. Canlı ağırlık artışı yönünden, gruplar arasında fark bulunamamıştır (P>0.05). Genç erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda yem değerlendirme katsayısı 3.68, yaşlı erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda ise 3.47 olarak bulunmuştur. Ortalama yem değerlendirme katsayısı ise, her iki grup için 3.575 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yem değerlendirme katsayısı yönünden, gruplar arasındaki fark istatistiki olarak önemsizdir (P>0.05). Besi denemesi sonunda, genç erkek x yaşlı dişi grubu yavrularının ortalama yaşama gücü % 945, yaşlı erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda ortalama yaşama gücü ise %
Heat treatment is an inevitable step in making meat and meat products ready for human consumption... more Heat treatment is an inevitable step in making meat and meat products ready for human consumption. Researches on ready‐to‐eat foods had shown that foods can also contain microplastics (MPs). The source of the presence of MPs in foods is: air, raw materials, food production stages, or plastics used in packaging. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible effects of the sous‐vide (So‐Vc) technique applied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets at different temperatures and time intervals on MPs degradation or migration mechanisms and the level of uptake by humans. For this purpose, 7 treatment temperature × 3 various cooking times and So‐Vc technique were applied on rainbow trout fillets. Then, in these fillets, MP presence, size, and shape were researched, as well as polymer types and possible levels of MP uptake by humans were determined. In the analyses, 1.27 ± 0.54 MP/g was found in 1 g of fish tissue. Dimensionally, 67% of MPs was detected as &lt;50 µm and 8% of 500–1000 µm. The dominant shape was determined as a fragment, and the color was black. Six polymer types were determined. The results showed that high temperature (&gt; 65°C) applications promoted polymer degradation. MP migration from packaging material to fillets was not detected. By calculations made on these findings, the lowest intake level by a human was estimated as 6140 MPs units/year. The obtained data provided the initial data to explore and optimize the current understanding of thermally processed products in terms of MPs. This study proved that the sous vide method causes polymer degradation at high temperatures and longer time periods.
In recent years, with the encouragement of national and international authorities, researchers on... more In recent years, with the encouragement of national and international authorities, researchers on plastic levels in aquaculture have begun to assess consumer health risks as well as ecological monitoring. Based on this guidance, the aim of this study is to determine the microplastic load of rainbow trout raised under routine breeding conditions without an external treatment in all developmental stages from egg to +1 year of age. Sperm, egg, fertilized egg, eyed egg, alevin or such fry, and swimming fry on growing stock (1-year-old) stages of cultured fish and commercial feeds were used for the following stages: 300–500 µm, 500–800 µm, 800–1200 µm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm. The samples were collected to determine the presence of microplastic (MP) and at which stage of this life cycle the MP has entered into the system intensively. The obtained findings showed that the total amount of MP determined in the stages without feed intake was 14 pieces, and this value increased by 55...
Although the number of studies documenting the presence of Microplastics (MP) in fish is increasi... more Although the number of studies documenting the presence of Microplastics (MP) in fish is increasing, research studies focused on its detoxification are very limited. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) were randomly divided into two groups after being fed with MPs (15% polypropylene [PP] +15% polyethylene [PE]) for 2 months. MP excretion without any application (PP+PE) in group I fish, and excretion of MPs with hydrogen-rich water (HRW) application (PP+PE+HRW) in group 2 were investigated under semi-static conditions for 21 days. This effectwas also compared by using positive and negative control groups (Control[no treatment, free PP, PE or/and HRW] and only HRW group). In this direction, the following were determined: PP+PE chronic toxicity in aquatic organisms, the toxicity mechanism and the effect of HRW as a possible treatment method in blood tissue; with hematological indices ([RBC count[RBC], leukocyte count [WBC], hemoglobin value [Hb], hematocrit ratio[Hct], pl...
BACKGROUNDIn this study, the effects of biofilm coatings obtained by immobilization of different ... more BACKGROUNDIn this study, the effects of biofilm coatings obtained by immobilization of different borates – namely borax (BX), colemanite (COL), and ulexite (UX) – with chitosan (Ch) on the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets were investigated. The immobilization and characterization of borates in Ch were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis. In determining the shelf life of fillets that were covered by immersion and stored for 15 days, microbiological (total aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic, lactic acid, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria counts) and chemical analyses (total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and pH levels) were performed at 3 day periodic intervals. In addition, the biodegradation of borates was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in biofilm‐coated fillets on the 1st, 8th, and 15th storage days.RESULTSThe microbial results o...
Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Jan 10, 2011
Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and limpidity of Erzurum Porsuk Puddle water were investigated ... more Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and limpidity of Erzurum Porsuk Puddle water were investigated on monthly basis. Surface water temperature changed from 4 ºC to 25 ºC. In terms of limpidity, maximum secchi-disc value was determined as 120 cm in October 1995, and minimum value was recorded as 20 cm in August 1996. Considering all of the data, it was found that the Porsuk puddle's water was very suitable for culture of Cyprinid species, especially for mirror carp.
ABSTRACT: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and limpidity of Erzurum Porsuk Puddle water were inv... more ABSTRACT: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and limpidity of Erzurum Porsuk Puddle water were investigated on monthly basis. Surface water temperature changed from 4 oC to 25 oC. In terms of limpidity, maximum secchi- disc value was determined as 120 cm in October 1995, and minimum value was recorded as 20 cm in August 1996. Considering all of the data, it was found that the Porsuk puddle’s water was very suitable for culture of Cyprinid species, especially for mirror carp. Key Words: Porsuk Puddle, Fish culture, Cyprinidae,Salmonid, Erzurum Erzurum Porsuk Goletinin Berraklik, Su Sicakligi, Cozunmus Oksijen Miktari ve pH Seviyesinin Kultur Balikciligi Yonunden Degerlendirilmesi OZET: Erzurum Porsuk goleti suyunun sicakligi, cozunmus oksijeni, pH’si ve berrakligi aylara gore incelendi. Yuzey su sicakligi 4 oC -25 oC arasinda degisti. Berraklik yonunden yapilan secchi disk olcumlerinde maksimum deger Ekim 1995’te 120 cm ve minimum deger ise Agustos 1996’da 20 cm olarak kaydedildi. Eld...
Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Oct 15, 2003
It has been reported that changes in the chemical composition of the egg or yolk sac may indicate... more It has been reported that changes in the chemical composition of the egg or yolk sac may indicate nutritive needs during early feeding stages (1). A few pieces of research have been carried out related to the fatty acid compositions of larvae and fry in sea bass and turbot (2), Atlantic halibut (3), salmon (4), Senegal sole (5) and Japanese flounder (6). The chemical composition of eggs has been examined to evaluate egg quality, as the egg must satisfy nutritional needs for embryonic and fry development (3,7). Therefore, the determination of the fatty acid composition of the eggs and fry would be a worthwhile study. Surprisingly, this problem has been examined in only a few studies concerned with Atlantic herring (8), cod (9), Senegal sole (5) and Japanese flounder (6). The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes of fatty acid composition in the eggs and fry of rainbow trout from fertilization to first feeding stage. Furthermore, the aim was to establish whether the fatty acid composition of the eggs would have any impact on the fatty acid composition of fry at first feeding stage. Materials and Methods Eggs were determined from three-year-old rainbow trout broodstock raised intensively in the Research and Extension Center of Fishery Department at Atatürk University in Erzurum. Eggs from the same batch, at spawning (unfertilized) and 24 h after spawning (fertilized), were collected in a mesh screen, washed in distilled water and blotted on filter paper before being frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a freezer at-80 ºC for analysis (5). The same treatment was repeated at the eyed stage (eyed embryo, 20 days after hatching), for alevins (yolk sac, 36 days after hatching) and for fry at the first feeding stages. The fatty acid profiles of sterile (unfertilized) eggs were also determined.
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jan 10, 2011
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of surface (SDI) and subsurface (SSDI) methods o... more The aim of this study was to compare the effects of surface (SDI) and subsurface (SSDI) methods of drip irrigation on plant growth, water use efficiency (WUE), fruit yield and quality in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. 11B 14. Different irrigation amounts based on Class-A-Pan evaporation were applied to plants during 4 different growing periods at 4 different irrigation levels (A, B, C, D) on every other day. Water stress (treatment, A) using SDI caused reductions in all parameters compared with unstressed treatments (C, D and relatively B). The highest yield was obtained from the treatment D as 50.8 and 55.2 t ha-1 for both SDI and SSDI methods, respectively. The SSDI+A treatment had the highest water use efficiencies and was significantly better than the SDI+D treatment. Seasonal water use ranged from 715 to 1412 mm in SDI treatment; and 765 to 1475 mm in SSDI treatments. The research results revealed that SSDI system could be a better choice compared to SDI system under deficit irrigation in Harran plain. However, there was no significant yield changes between C and D irrigation levels under both irrigation systems. These results clearly indicate that subsurface drip irrigation relatively mitigates negative effects of water stress on plant growth and fruit yield in field grown bell pepper particularly in semi-arid regions with limited water resources.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2014
The aim of this study was to compare serum total cholesterol and cholesterol types of cultured ra... more The aim of this study was to compare serum total cholesterol and cholesterol types of cultured rainbow trout (CRT) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and cultured brook trout (CBT) (Salvelinus fontinalis) cultivated under the same water conditions. Fishes used in the research were randomly captured from pools and five pieces (five replication) were used for each group. The average weight of fish is 80 g for CRT and is 120 g for CBT. CRT and CBT have been fed with feed with 45 to 50% crude protein twice a day. The levels of serum samples excluding high density lipoproteins (HDL) obtained from the CBT were found to be higher (p<0.05) than that of CRT. Finally, higher serum samples in CBT could have resulted from difference of growth and size, species, age, the cycle of sexual maturity of fish.
Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2013
This study was conducted to determine the histopathological and biochemical effects of humic acid... more This study was conducted to determine the histopathological and biochemical effects of humic acid on cadmium stress in liver and kidney tissues of Salmo trutta fario, L. The fish were treated in four groups as follows and were exposed to chemicals for 7 days: control (C), cadmium (2 ppm) (Cd), humic acid (5 ppm) (HA) and humic acid + cadmium (Cd + HA). At the end of the experimental period, liver and kidney samples were taken from all fish for histopathological examination and determination of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Activity of GPx and SOD in the tissues of fish exposed to the stress of Cd was significantly lower than the control groups (P<0.05). MDA level increased (P<0.05) in cadmium exposed groups, whereas fish receiving cadmium with humic acid returned to normal MDA levels in the liver. The cadmium-induced histopathological alterations were also decreased with humic acid. These results suggest that humic acid may mediate cadmium toxicity.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011
The effects of long-term starvation and food restriction (49 days), followed by refeeding (21 day... more The effects of long-term starvation and food restriction (49 days), followed by refeeding (21 days) have been studied with respect to antioxidant defense in the liver and gills (branchial tissues) of the brown trout, Salmo trutta. Malondialdehyde levels in both tissues increased in parallel with starvation and food restriction and these values did not return to normal after the refeeding period. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in liver and gills increased during the 49 days of starvation, but glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities decreased. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity decreased in the liver at the 49th day of starvation, but increased in the branchial tissues. Some of the antioxidant enzyme activities (such as hepatic GST and branchial G6PD) returned to control values of fed fish after the refeeding period, but others (e.g. hepatic SOD and branchial GPx) did not return to normal values. In conclusion, our study indicates that total or partial food deprivation induces oxidative stress in brown trout.
Üç yafll› dam›zl›k gökkufla¤› alabal›klar›n›n (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yumurta ve spermlerinin ya¤ a... more Üç yafll› dam›zl›k gökkufla¤› alabal›klar›n›n (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yumurta ve spermlerinin ya¤ asidi kompozisyonlar›n›n ald›klar› yemin ya¤ asidi profili ile karfl›laflt›r›lmas› amac›yla yürütülen bu araflt›rmadan afla¤›daki sonuçlar elde edilmifltir. Rasyonun total olarak doymufl ya¤ asitleri (SFA), tekli doymam›fl ya¤ asitleri (MUFA), çoklu doymam›fl ya¤ asitler, n-3 ve n-6 PUFA, n-3/n-6 ve özellikle insan sa¤l›¤› aç›s›ndan önemli oldu¤undan üzerinde durulan eikosapentaenoikaist (EPA)/ dokosaheksaenoikasit (DHA) oran› bak›m›ndan sperm ile yumurta dokusu aras›ndaki farklar istatistiki olarak çok önemli (P < 0,01) bulunmufltur.
ÖZET: Bu çalışmada, saf ve karışık olarak yetiştirilen albino ve normal pigmentli gökkuşağı alaba... more ÖZET: Bu çalışmada, saf ve karışık olarak yetiştirilen albino ve normal pigmentli gökkuşağı alabalıklarının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) büyüme performansları, günlük yem tüketimleri, yem değerlendirme oranları ve kondisyon faktörleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bu varyetelerin etlerinin kimyasal kompozisyonları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada 0 + yaş grubuna ait ortalama 75 g ağırlığında 150 adet albino ve 150 adet normal pigmentli gökkuşağı alabalığı kullanılmıştır. Deneme, saf normal (50), karışık (25 normal ve 25 albino) ve saf albino (50) olmak üzere 2 tekerrürlü 3 gruptan oluşturulmuştur. 120 günlük çalışma sonunda, saf normal grubu 317.5±66.03 g, karışık gruptaki normaller 366.4±74.27 g, karışık gruptaki albinolar 315.3±44.63 g ve saf albino grubu 319.9±50.26 g ortalama ağırlıklarına ulaşmışlardır. Bu son ağırlık değerlerine göre karışık gruptaki normallerin diğer gruplardan daha yüksek bir büyüme performansı gösterdiği saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Ortalama günlük yem tüketimi, yem değerlendirme oranları ve kondisyon faktörleri gruplar arasında önemli bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Fakat karışık grupta yem değerlendirme oranı nispeten daha düşük bulunmuştur. Yapılan kimyasal analizler sonucunda albino ve normal gökkuşağı alabalıklarının kuru madde, kül, protein ve yağ oranları önemli bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Gökkuşağı alabalığı, Oncorhynchus mykiss, normal ve albino pigmentasyon, saf ve karışık kültür, büyüme performansı, yem tüketimi, yem değerlendirme oranı, kimyasal kompozisyon.
The effects of sewage on haematocrit and sediment of C. capoeta. Two statitons were determined in... more The effects of sewage on haematocrit and sediment of C. capoeta. Two statitons were determined in the Tuzla stream which was discharged sewage of Tercan city (10.800, population). I. station was before Tercan Dam Lake, II. station was after discharge point. 50 fish were catched from two stations and researched haematocrit and sediment levels. II. station compared with I. station haematocrit level decreased while sediment increased.
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jan 3, 2011
Bu araştırmada, aynı yaşlardaki (5 yaş) dişi damızlık Gökkuşağı alabalıklarıyla (Salmo gairdnerii... more Bu araştırmada, aynı yaşlardaki (5 yaş) dişi damızlık Gökkuşağı alabalıklarıyla (Salmo gairdnerii R.) çiftleştirilen genç (2 yaş) ve yaşlı (5 yaş) erkek damızlık balıklardan elde edilen yumurtaların döllülük nisbeti, çıkış gücü, embriyo dönemi yaşama gücü, keseli dönemde yaşama gücü ve kuluçka randımanları ile yavruların gelişme performansları karşüaştırümıştır. Kuluçka döneminde genç erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda döllülük nisbeti % 95.47, embriyo dönemi yaşama gücü % 93.99, çıkış gücü % 98.43, keseli dönemde yaşama gücü % 98.13 ve kuluçka randımanı ise % 93.98 olarak tesbit edilmiştir. Yaşlı erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda ise, döllülük nisbeti % 85.36, embriyo dönemi yaşama gücü % 79.75, çıkış gücü % 94.47, keseli dönemde yaşama gücü % 95.12 ve kuluçka randımanı % 81.07 olarak belirlenmiştir. İki grup arasında incelenen bütün parametreler arasında istatistiki olarak önemli farklar meydana gelmiştir (P<0.05). Besi denemesi süresince genç erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda ortalama canlı ağırlık artışı 0.2 g'dan 1.8365 g.a', yaşlı erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda ise 0.1975 g'dan 1.8435 g'a yükselmiştir. Ayrıca, her iki grup için ortalama canlı ağırlık artışı 0.19875 g'dan 1.84 g'a ulaşmıştır. Canlı ağırlık artışı yönünden, gruplar arasında fark bulunamamıştır (P>0.05). Genç erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda yem değerlendirme katsayısı 3.68, yaşlı erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda ise 3.47 olarak bulunmuştur. Ortalama yem değerlendirme katsayısı ise, her iki grup için 3.575 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yem değerlendirme katsayısı yönünden, gruplar arasındaki fark istatistiki olarak önemsizdir (P>0.05). Besi denemesi sonunda, genç erkek x yaşlı dişi grubu yavrularının ortalama yaşama gücü % 945, yaşlı erkek x yaşlı dişi grubunda ortalama yaşama gücü ise %
Heat treatment is an inevitable step in making meat and meat products ready for human consumption... more Heat treatment is an inevitable step in making meat and meat products ready for human consumption. Researches on ready‐to‐eat foods had shown that foods can also contain microplastics (MPs). The source of the presence of MPs in foods is: air, raw materials, food production stages, or plastics used in packaging. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible effects of the sous‐vide (So‐Vc) technique applied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets at different temperatures and time intervals on MPs degradation or migration mechanisms and the level of uptake by humans. For this purpose, 7 treatment temperature × 3 various cooking times and So‐Vc technique were applied on rainbow trout fillets. Then, in these fillets, MP presence, size, and shape were researched, as well as polymer types and possible levels of MP uptake by humans were determined. In the analyses, 1.27 ± 0.54 MP/g was found in 1 g of fish tissue. Dimensionally, 67% of MPs was detected as &lt;50 µm and 8% of 500–1000 µm. The dominant shape was determined as a fragment, and the color was black. Six polymer types were determined. The results showed that high temperature (&gt; 65°C) applications promoted polymer degradation. MP migration from packaging material to fillets was not detected. By calculations made on these findings, the lowest intake level by a human was estimated as 6140 MPs units/year. The obtained data provided the initial data to explore and optimize the current understanding of thermally processed products in terms of MPs. This study proved that the sous vide method causes polymer degradation at high temperatures and longer time periods.
In recent years, with the encouragement of national and international authorities, researchers on... more In recent years, with the encouragement of national and international authorities, researchers on plastic levels in aquaculture have begun to assess consumer health risks as well as ecological monitoring. Based on this guidance, the aim of this study is to determine the microplastic load of rainbow trout raised under routine breeding conditions without an external treatment in all developmental stages from egg to +1 year of age. Sperm, egg, fertilized egg, eyed egg, alevin or such fry, and swimming fry on growing stock (1-year-old) stages of cultured fish and commercial feeds were used for the following stages: 300–500 µm, 500–800 µm, 800–1200 µm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm. The samples were collected to determine the presence of microplastic (MP) and at which stage of this life cycle the MP has entered into the system intensively. The obtained findings showed that the total amount of MP determined in the stages without feed intake was 14 pieces, and this value increased by 55...
Although the number of studies documenting the presence of Microplastics (MP) in fish is increasi... more Although the number of studies documenting the presence of Microplastics (MP) in fish is increasing, research studies focused on its detoxification are very limited. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) were randomly divided into two groups after being fed with MPs (15% polypropylene [PP] +15% polyethylene [PE]) for 2 months. MP excretion without any application (PP+PE) in group I fish, and excretion of MPs with hydrogen-rich water (HRW) application (PP+PE+HRW) in group 2 were investigated under semi-static conditions for 21 days. This effectwas also compared by using positive and negative control groups (Control[no treatment, free PP, PE or/and HRW] and only HRW group). In this direction, the following were determined: PP+PE chronic toxicity in aquatic organisms, the toxicity mechanism and the effect of HRW as a possible treatment method in blood tissue; with hematological indices ([RBC count[RBC], leukocyte count [WBC], hemoglobin value [Hb], hematocrit ratio[Hct], pl...
BACKGROUNDIn this study, the effects of biofilm coatings obtained by immobilization of different ... more BACKGROUNDIn this study, the effects of biofilm coatings obtained by immobilization of different borates – namely borax (BX), colemanite (COL), and ulexite (UX) – with chitosan (Ch) on the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets were investigated. The immobilization and characterization of borates in Ch were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis. In determining the shelf life of fillets that were covered by immersion and stored for 15 days, microbiological (total aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic, lactic acid, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria counts) and chemical analyses (total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and pH levels) were performed at 3 day periodic intervals. In addition, the biodegradation of borates was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in biofilm‐coated fillets on the 1st, 8th, and 15th storage days.RESULTSThe microbial results o...
Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Jan 10, 2011
Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and limpidity of Erzurum Porsuk Puddle water were investigated ... more Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and limpidity of Erzurum Porsuk Puddle water were investigated on monthly basis. Surface water temperature changed from 4 ºC to 25 ºC. In terms of limpidity, maximum secchi-disc value was determined as 120 cm in October 1995, and minimum value was recorded as 20 cm in August 1996. Considering all of the data, it was found that the Porsuk puddle's water was very suitable for culture of Cyprinid species, especially for mirror carp.
ABSTRACT: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and limpidity of Erzurum Porsuk Puddle water were inv... more ABSTRACT: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and limpidity of Erzurum Porsuk Puddle water were investigated on monthly basis. Surface water temperature changed from 4 oC to 25 oC. In terms of limpidity, maximum secchi- disc value was determined as 120 cm in October 1995, and minimum value was recorded as 20 cm in August 1996. Considering all of the data, it was found that the Porsuk puddle’s water was very suitable for culture of Cyprinid species, especially for mirror carp. Key Words: Porsuk Puddle, Fish culture, Cyprinidae,Salmonid, Erzurum Erzurum Porsuk Goletinin Berraklik, Su Sicakligi, Cozunmus Oksijen Miktari ve pH Seviyesinin Kultur Balikciligi Yonunden Degerlendirilmesi OZET: Erzurum Porsuk goleti suyunun sicakligi, cozunmus oksijeni, pH’si ve berrakligi aylara gore incelendi. Yuzey su sicakligi 4 oC -25 oC arasinda degisti. Berraklik yonunden yapilan secchi disk olcumlerinde maksimum deger Ekim 1995’te 120 cm ve minimum deger ise Agustos 1996’da 20 cm olarak kaydedildi. Eld...
Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Oct 15, 2003
It has been reported that changes in the chemical composition of the egg or yolk sac may indicate... more It has been reported that changes in the chemical composition of the egg or yolk sac may indicate nutritive needs during early feeding stages (1). A few pieces of research have been carried out related to the fatty acid compositions of larvae and fry in sea bass and turbot (2), Atlantic halibut (3), salmon (4), Senegal sole (5) and Japanese flounder (6). The chemical composition of eggs has been examined to evaluate egg quality, as the egg must satisfy nutritional needs for embryonic and fry development (3,7). Therefore, the determination of the fatty acid composition of the eggs and fry would be a worthwhile study. Surprisingly, this problem has been examined in only a few studies concerned with Atlantic herring (8), cod (9), Senegal sole (5) and Japanese flounder (6). The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes of fatty acid composition in the eggs and fry of rainbow trout from fertilization to first feeding stage. Furthermore, the aim was to establish whether the fatty acid composition of the eggs would have any impact on the fatty acid composition of fry at first feeding stage. Materials and Methods Eggs were determined from three-year-old rainbow trout broodstock raised intensively in the Research and Extension Center of Fishery Department at Atatürk University in Erzurum. Eggs from the same batch, at spawning (unfertilized) and 24 h after spawning (fertilized), were collected in a mesh screen, washed in distilled water and blotted on filter paper before being frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a freezer at-80 ºC for analysis (5). The same treatment was repeated at the eyed stage (eyed embryo, 20 days after hatching), for alevins (yolk sac, 36 days after hatching) and for fry at the first feeding stages. The fatty acid profiles of sterile (unfertilized) eggs were also determined.
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jan 10, 2011
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of surface (SDI) and subsurface (SSDI) methods o... more The aim of this study was to compare the effects of surface (SDI) and subsurface (SSDI) methods of drip irrigation on plant growth, water use efficiency (WUE), fruit yield and quality in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. 11B 14. Different irrigation amounts based on Class-A-Pan evaporation were applied to plants during 4 different growing periods at 4 different irrigation levels (A, B, C, D) on every other day. Water stress (treatment, A) using SDI caused reductions in all parameters compared with unstressed treatments (C, D and relatively B). The highest yield was obtained from the treatment D as 50.8 and 55.2 t ha-1 for both SDI and SSDI methods, respectively. The SSDI+A treatment had the highest water use efficiencies and was significantly better than the SDI+D treatment. Seasonal water use ranged from 715 to 1412 mm in SDI treatment; and 765 to 1475 mm in SSDI treatments. The research results revealed that SSDI system could be a better choice compared to SDI system under deficit irrigation in Harran plain. However, there was no significant yield changes between C and D irrigation levels under both irrigation systems. These results clearly indicate that subsurface drip irrigation relatively mitigates negative effects of water stress on plant growth and fruit yield in field grown bell pepper particularly in semi-arid regions with limited water resources.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2014
The aim of this study was to compare serum total cholesterol and cholesterol types of cultured ra... more The aim of this study was to compare serum total cholesterol and cholesterol types of cultured rainbow trout (CRT) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and cultured brook trout (CBT) (Salvelinus fontinalis) cultivated under the same water conditions. Fishes used in the research were randomly captured from pools and five pieces (five replication) were used for each group. The average weight of fish is 80 g for CRT and is 120 g for CBT. CRT and CBT have been fed with feed with 45 to 50% crude protein twice a day. The levels of serum samples excluding high density lipoproteins (HDL) obtained from the CBT were found to be higher (p<0.05) than that of CRT. Finally, higher serum samples in CBT could have resulted from difference of growth and size, species, age, the cycle of sexual maturity of fish.
Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2013
This study was conducted to determine the histopathological and biochemical effects of humic acid... more This study was conducted to determine the histopathological and biochemical effects of humic acid on cadmium stress in liver and kidney tissues of Salmo trutta fario, L. The fish were treated in four groups as follows and were exposed to chemicals for 7 days: control (C), cadmium (2 ppm) (Cd), humic acid (5 ppm) (HA) and humic acid + cadmium (Cd + HA). At the end of the experimental period, liver and kidney samples were taken from all fish for histopathological examination and determination of antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Activity of GPx and SOD in the tissues of fish exposed to the stress of Cd was significantly lower than the control groups (P<0.05). MDA level increased (P<0.05) in cadmium exposed groups, whereas fish receiving cadmium with humic acid returned to normal MDA levels in the liver. The cadmium-induced histopathological alterations were also decreased with humic acid. These results suggest that humic acid may mediate cadmium toxicity.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011
The effects of long-term starvation and food restriction (49 days), followed by refeeding (21 day... more The effects of long-term starvation and food restriction (49 days), followed by refeeding (21 days) have been studied with respect to antioxidant defense in the liver and gills (branchial tissues) of the brown trout, Salmo trutta. Malondialdehyde levels in both tissues increased in parallel with starvation and food restriction and these values did not return to normal after the refeeding period. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in liver and gills increased during the 49 days of starvation, but glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities decreased. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity decreased in the liver at the 49th day of starvation, but increased in the branchial tissues. Some of the antioxidant enzyme activities (such as hepatic GST and branchial G6PD) returned to control values of fed fish after the refeeding period, but others (e.g. hepatic SOD and branchial GPx) did not return to normal values. In conclusion, our study indicates that total or partial food deprivation induces oxidative stress in brown trout.
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